COBEM, ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering (abcm)

%%
%% This is file `cobem.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `head,ay,nat,nm-rvvc,keyxyr,dt-beg,yr-com,note-yr,tit-qq,qx,vnum-nr,volp-com,jwdpg,jwdvol,num-xser,pre-pub,isbn,issn,doi,pp,ed,ord,and-xcom,etal-it,url,url-blk,nfss,,{}')
%% y.mbs  (with options: `ay,nat,nm-rvvc,keyxyr,dt-beg,yr-com,note-yr,tit-qq,qx,vnum-nr,volp-com,jwdpg,jwdvol,num-xser,pre-pub,isbn,issn,doi,pp,ed,ord,and-xcom,etal-it,url,url-blk,nfss,,{}')
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `tail,ay,nat,nm-rvvc,keyxyr,dt-beg,yr-com,note-yr,tit-qq,qx,vnum-nr,volp-com,jwdpg,jwdvol,num-xser,pre-pub,isbn,issn,doi,pp,ed,ord,and-xcom,etal-it,url,url-blk,nfss,,{}')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** cobem ***
%% 
%% Copyright 1994-2007 Patrick W Daly
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2007/04/24 4.20 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
 % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
 % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
 % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
 % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
 % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
 % parenthesis!
 % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
 % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
 % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
 % be parentheses in the label.
 % The \cite command functions as follows:
 %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
 %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
 %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
 %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
 %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
 %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
 %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
 %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    doi
    edition
    editor
    eid
    howpublished
    institution
    isbn
    issn
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    url
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
            'write$
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
  new.block
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$
   "}" * add.period$
   #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
 % The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edition" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "Vol." }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "number" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "No." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chapter" }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Technical Report" }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
     { bbl.th * }
     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
       duplicate$ "1" =
         { pop$ bbl.st * }
         { duplicate$ "2" =
             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
             { "3" =
                 { bbl.rd * }
                 { bbl.th * }
               if$
             }
           if$
          }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

%% Copyright 1994-2007 Patrick W Daly
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
    { "" }
    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }


STRINGS  { bibinfo}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f{.}.}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
  'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {

                  " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "," *
      " " *
      get.bbl.editor
      *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block
      "ISBN " swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.issn}
{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block
      "ISSN " swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block
      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
 note empty$
    { "" }
    { note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        'skip$
        { output.state mid.sentence =
          { "l" }
          { "u" }
        if$
        change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { "t" change.case$ }
  if$
  "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "\enquote{" swap$ *
      "}" *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
 "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.full.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.full
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.full
        'author.key.full
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem[{" write$
  label write$
  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
     { pop$ }
     { * }
   if$
  "}]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in capitalize
  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    {
      "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
       pop$ "????"
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label *
  before.all 'output.state :=
  ", " swap$ *
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
      series "series" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
          emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { series empty$
            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
            { output.state mid.sentence =
                { bbl.number }
                { bbl.number capitalize }
              if$
              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
              bbl.in space.word *
              series "series" bibinfo.check *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
  "" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #1 #1 substring$
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    duplicate$ is.num
      { s swap$ * 's := }
      { pop$ "" 't := }
    if$
  }
  while$
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$ s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
  s "first" = s "1" = or
    { bbl.first 't := }
    { s "second" = s "2" = or
        { bbl.second 't := }
        { s "third" = s "3" = or
            { bbl.third 't := }
            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
                { bbl.fourth 't := }
                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
                        { s eng.ord 't := }
                        { edition 't := }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  t
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      convert.edition
      output.state mid.sentence =
        { "l" }
        { "t" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
        {
          bbl.pages swap$
          n.dashify
        }
        {
          bbl.page swap$
        }
      if$
      tie.or.space.prefix
      "pages" bibinfo.check
      * *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
        {
          ", " *
          swap$
          n.dashify
          pages multi.page.check
            'bbl.pages
            'bbl.page
          if$
          swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
          "pages" bibinfo.check
          * *
          *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
      {
          ", " *
      }
      if$
      swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      bbl.volume swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check
      * *
    }
  if$
  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
      swap$
      ", " bbl.nr * number tie.or.space.prefix pop$ * swap$ *
    }
  if$ *
  eid empty$
    { format.journal.pages }
    { format.journal.eid }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { bbl.chapter }
        { type "l" change.case$
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
  emphasize
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          "," *
          " " *
          get.bbl.editor
          ", " *
          * swap$
          * }
      if$
      word.in swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { swap$ pop$
      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      pop$ word.in
    }
    { bbl.volume
      capitalize
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
    }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
  ""
  address empty$ t empty$ and
    'skip$
    {
      t empty$
        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
        }
        { t *
          address empty$
            'skip$
            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.check
      emphasize
      "journal" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.issn output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.isbn output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.isbn output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.publisher.address output
      format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
    }
    {
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  crossref missing$
    { format.isbn output }
    'skip$
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.publisher.address output
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
      new.sentence
      format.edition output
      format.isbn output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      new.sentence
      publisher empty$
        { format.organization.address output }
        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
      format.isbn output
      format.issn output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.edition output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  new.sentence
  publisher empty$
    { format.organization.address output }
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
  if$
  format.isbn output
  format.issn output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.url output
  new.block
  format.note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  "" 't :=
  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$
      " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
    }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            {
              " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
            }
            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
              * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.label
        'author.key.label
      if$
    }
  if$
  'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
  short.list
  "("
  *
  year duplicate$ empty$
  short.list key field.or.null = or
     { pop$ "" }
     'skip$
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}"
      format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          "   "  *
          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
            { "zzzzz" * }
            { t sortify * }
          if$
        }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.sort
        'author.sort
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.label :=
  sort.label
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
  extra.label
  duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
  if$
  'extra.label :=
  label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{``#1''}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
  write$ newline$
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
  write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `cobem.bst'.

% LaTeX style file for the proceedings of the
% COBEM 2025 - 28th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
% November 9-14, 2023, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
%
% History:
% Template for the proceedings of COBEM2013 and COBEM2017
% Date: February/12/2007
% Modified by: Daniel Dall'Onder dos Santos for COBEM2019
% Date: July/20/2018
% Updated for COBEM2021
% Date: January/12/2021
% Modified by: Amir Oliveira for COBEM2023
% Date: March/23/2023
% Modified by: Giuliana Venter for COBEM2025
% Date: Mar/11/2025

%Packages
\usepackage{ccaption}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage{floatflt}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[round,authoryear]{natbib}

%Default Fonts
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}
\fontfamily{arial}

%No Header Line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}

%Margins
\setlength{\voffset}{-2.54cm}
\setlength{\hoffset}{-2.54cm}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{2cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{2cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{24,7cm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{17cm}
\setlength{\headwidth}{17cm}
\setlength{\parindent}{0.5cm}
\setlength{\headsep}{1cm}
\setlength{\topmargin}{1.5cm}
\setlength{\headheight}{0.5cm}
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}

\newcommand{\fphead}{
 \thispagestyle{empty}
 ~\\[-55pt]
 \noindent
 \begin{minipage}[c]{27.6mm}
   \includegraphics[width=17cm]{cabecalho.eps}
 \end{minipage}
 ~\\[10pt]
}

%Indent in equations
\mathindent 0.5cm

%Black line border
\arrayrulecolor{black}
\doublerulesep 1.4pt
\doublerulesepcolor{black}

%Header
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead[LO]{}
\fancyhead[RO]{\footnotesize{\textsf{28$^{\mathrm{th}}$ ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering (COBEM 2025) \\ November 9-14, 2025, Curitiba, PR, Brazil}}}
\fancyhead[LE]{\footnotesize{\textsf{\shortauthor \\ \shorttitle}}}
\fancyhead[RE]{}
\fancyfoot[L,C,R]{}

%Commands
\def\authors{\bf}
\def\institution{\small}
\def\email{\small}
\def\title{\Large \bf \centering}
\def\abstract{\it}
\def\keywords{\it}

%Sections
\makeatletter
\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}
          {\z@}{10pt minus 0pt}{10pt minus 0pt}{\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}
          {\z@}{10pt minus 0pt}{10pt minus 0pt}{\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}
          {\z@}{10pt minus 0pt}{10pt minus 0pt}{\bf}}
\def\thesection{\arabic{section}.\hskip -1ex}	
\def\thesubsection {\thesection\hskip 1.1ex \arabic{subsection}\hskip -1ex}
\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection\hskip 1.1ex .\arabic{subsubsection}\hskip -1ex}
\makeatother

%Tables and Figures - Space and Captions
\abovecaptionskip 0pt
\belowcaptionskip 0pt

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\@ldtable}{}
\let\@ldtable\table
\renewcommand{\table}{%
\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{\belowcaptionskip}%
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{10pt}%
\@ldtable}
\makeatother
\captiondelim{. }
\captionstyle{\centering\centerlastline}

%Bibliography
\renewcommand\refname{}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\@biblabel[1]{}
\newcommand*\clinbiblabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
                             \normalfont #1}
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section*{\refname
        \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
	    \vspace{-21pt}
	    \leftmargin 0.5cm
	    \labelwidth\z@
	    \labelsep\z@
	    \itemsep\z@
	    \parsep\z@
	    \itemindent-\leftmargin	
	    \let\makelabel\clinbiblabel
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
        \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\makeatother

% -------------------------------------------------------------
% COBEM 2023 - BIBFILE EXAMPLE
% -------------------------------------------------------------

@article{choma2017environmental,
  title={Environmental impact assessment of increasing electric vehicles in the Brazilian fleet},
  author={Choma, Ernani Francisco and Ugaya, C{\'a}ssia Maria Lie},
  journal={Journal of Cleaner Production},
  volume={152},
  pages={497--507},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{pitz2017direct,
  title={Direct numerical simulation of vacillation in convection induced by centrifugal buoyancy},
  author={Pitz, Diogo B and Marxen, Olaf and Chew, John W},
  booktitle={APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts},
  pages={F33--006},
  year={2017}
}

@article{pitz2017onset,
  title={Onset of convection induced by centrifugal buoyancy in a rotating cavity},
  author={Pitz, Diogo B and Marxen, Olaf and Chew, John W},
  journal={Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
  volume={826},
  pages={484--502},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@article{sestito2022process,
  title={In-process chatter detection in micro-milling using acoustic emission via machine learning classifiers},
  author={Sestito, Guilherme Serpa and Venter, Giuliana Sardi and Ribeiro, Kandice Suane Barros and Rodrigues, Alessandro Roger and da Silva, Ma{\'\i}ra Martins},
  journal={The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology},
  volume={120},
  number={11},
  pages={7293--7303},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@article{fernandes2023performance,
  title={Performance comparison between internally cooled tools and flood cooling during grey cast iron turning},
  author={Fernandes, Gustavo Henrique Nazareno and Bazon, Victor Tallis and Barbosa, Lucas Melo Queiroz and Fran{\c{c}}a, Pedro Henrique Pires and da Silva, M{\'a}rcio Bacci and Uddin, Mohammad and Martins, Paulo S{\'e}rgio and Machado, {\'A}lisson Rocha},
  journal={Journal of Manufacturing Processes},
  volume={85},
  pages={817--831},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{miyawaki2021microalgae,
  title={Microalgae derived biomass and bioenergy production enhancement through biogas purification and wastewater treatment},
  author={Miyawaki, B and Mariano, AB and Vargas, JVC and Balmant, W and Defrancheschi, AC and Corr{\^e}a, DO and Santos, B and Selesu, NFH and Ordonez, JC and Kava, VM},
  journal={Renewable Energy},
  volume={163},
  pages={1153--1165},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{porto2023fundamental,
  title={Fundamental optimization of steam Rankine cycle power plants},
  author={Porto-Hernandez, LA and Vargas, JVC and Munoz, MN and Galeano-Cabral, J and Ordonez, JC and Balmant, W and Mariano, AB},
  journal={Energy Conversion and Management},
  volume={289},
  pages={117148},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


% -------------------------------------------------------------

@PHDTHESIS{souza2022efeito,
 AUTHOR = {Felipe Chagas Rodrigues Souza},
 TITLE = {Effect of Texturing on PCD Tools in the Turning of Aluminum 2011-T4 (\textit{in Portuguese})},
 SCHOOL = {Federal University of Uberlândia},
 ADDRESS = {Uberlândia, Brasil},
 YEAR = {2022},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Santos2020,
 AUTHOR = {Vinícius {Oliveira dos} Santos},
 TITLE = {Experimental and numerical analysis of the fretting corrosion mechanism at the stem-head and stem-cement contact surfaces of hip prostheses (\textit{in Portuguese})},
 SCHOOL = {Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina},
 ADDRESS = {Florian\'opolis, Brasil},
 YEAR = {2020},
}

% -------------------------------------------------------------

@BOOK{MendoncaFancello2019,
 AUTHOR = {P T R Mendon\c{c}a and E A Fancello},
 TITLE = {The method of finite elements applied to mechanics of solids (\textit{in Portuguese})},
 PUBLISHER = {Editora Orsa Maggiore},
 ADDRESS = {Florian\'opolis},
 YEAR = {2019},
}

@BOOK{Carvalho2018,
 AUTHOR = {J C M Carvalho and D Martins and R Simoni and H Simas},
 TITLE = {Multibody Mechatronic Systems - Proceedings of the MUSME Conference held in Florian\'opolis, Brazil, October 24-28, 2017},
 SERIES = {Mechanisms and Machine Science},
 PUBLISHER = {Springer International Publishing},
 YEAR = {2018},
}

% -------------------------------------------------------------

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nostrani2019,
 AUTHOR = {M P Nostrani and P Kruss and V J {De Negri} and A {Dell'Amico}},
 TITLE = {An Aircraft Actuator Driven by Digital Hydraulic Pumps},
 BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics - DINAME 2019},
 YEAR = {2019},
 ADDRESS = {Armação de Búzios, RJ, Brazil},
 ORGANIZATION = {ABCM - Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Santos2013b,
 AUTHOR = {D D Santos and G M Furtado and S L Frey and M F Naccache and P R {de Souza Mendes}},
 TITLE = {Numerical investigation of elastic and viscous effects on inertial viscoplastic fluid flows},
 BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Mechanical Engineering - COBEM 2013},
 YEAR = {2013},
 ADDRESS = {Ribeir\~ao Preto, Brazil},
}

% -------------------------------------------------------------

@REPORT{EPE2022,
 AUTHOR = {EPE}, 
 TITLE = {National Energy Balance 2022, Final Report (\textit{in Portuguese})},
 HOWPUBLISHED ={Empresa de Pesquisa Energética EPE, Rio de Janeiro, epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-675/topico-638/BEN2022.pdf. Accessed 02 May 2023},
 YEAR = {2022}
}

% -------------------------------------------------------------
% Websites

@MISC{MLA20,
 AUTHOR = {MLA},
 TITLE = {\uppercase{MLA} Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)},
 HOWPUBLISHED =	{Modern Language Association, Purdue Online Writing Laboratory, Purdue University,   owl.purdue.edu/owl/research\_and\_citation/mla\_ style/mla\_formatting\_and\_style\_guide/mla\_works\_cited\_electronic\_sources.html. Accessed 02 May 2023},
 YEAR = {2020},
}

% -------------------------------------------------------------
% Patents


@MISC{Mendes2018,
  AUTHOR = {N Mendes and L M Moura and S Riquelme},
  TITLE = {Device for Measuring Atmospheric Longwave Radiation and Its Measurement Method (\textit{in Portuguese})},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Patent, INPI - Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, Registry number: BR1020180737406, Application date: November 19, 2018, Grant date: September 10, 2024},
  YEAR = {2024},
}

@MISC{Vargas2021,
  AUTHOR = {J V C Vargas and J C Ordonez and J E F C Gardolinski and R Hovsapian and R C Raimundo},
  TITLE = {Real Time Hydrogen Self-Supplied Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Stack},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Patent, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Registry number: US20210194027A1, Application date: June 24, 2021},
  YEAR = {2021},
}


% -------------------------------------------------------------

% LaTeX.tex
% Template for PROCEEDINGS PAPER of the 28th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
% COBEM 2025
% Based on the templates of COBEM2015, COBEM2017, COBEM2019, COBEM2021 and COBEM2023

\documentclass[10pt,fleqn,a4paper,twoside]{article}
\usepackage{abcm}
\def\shortauthor{F. Author, S. Author and T. Author (update this heading accordingly)}
\def\shorttitle{Paper Short Title (First Letters Uppercase, make sure it fits in one line)}

\begin{document}
\fphead
\hspace*{-2.5mm}\begin{tabular}{||p{\textwidth}}
\begin{center}
\vspace{-4mm}
\title{Your paper}
\end{center}
\authors{First Author's Name} \\
\authors{Second Author's Name} \\
\institution{Institution and address for first and second authors - if the same} \\
\institution{e-mails} \\
\\
\authors{Third Author's Name} \\
\institution{Institution and address for third author} \\ %(If all authors are from the same institution, the "Institution and address" must be placed only once.)
\institution{e-mail} \\
\\
\authors{Same format for other authors, if any} \\
\\
\abstract{\textbf{Abstract.} The abstract should describe the objectives, context, and significance of the research, methods, results, and main conclusions of the paper in about 300 words. It should not include formulas or references to a bibliography. It must be written in only one paragraph.}\\
\\
\keywords{\textbf{Keywords:} keyword 1, keyword 2, keyword 3, \dots{}. (up to 5 keywords separated by commas)}\\
\end{tabular}

\section{INTRODUCTION}

These instructions are intended to serve as a guide for the formatting of papers to be published in the Proceedings. The proceedings of the 28$^\mathrm{th}$ COBEM will be published in Adobe\textsuperscript{TM} PDF format.

Papers MUST be formatted according to these instructions. This file can be used as a template for LaTeX. LaTeX is available as free software. It can also be used as a formatting guide for users of other word processing programs.

Submissions are limited to a minimum of 6 pages and a maximum of 10 pages, including tables and figures. 

\section{TEXT FORMAT}

Manuscripts should be in English, typewritten on A4 pages in Times New Roman font, size 10, except for the title, author affiliation, abstract, and keywords, for which special formatting instructions are given above. Use single space between lines throughout the text.

The block of text containing the title, author names and affiliations, abstract, and keywords must be indented 0.1 cm from the left margin and marked by a $2\ 1/4$ pt wide black line on the far left.

Pages must have a top margin of 3 cm and all other margins (left, right, and bottom) must have 2 cm. The text must be justified. The first line of each paragraph must be indented by 0.5 cm. Sufficient information must be given directly in the text or by reference to available published work. Footnotes should be avoided.

{\color{red} PAGES {\bf SHOULD NOT} BE NUMBERED.}
 
All symbols and notations must be defined in the text. Physical quantities must be expressed in the SI (metric) units. Mathematical symbols that appear in the text must be written in italics. Units should not be italicized (e.g., kg, m, MJ, kW/m$^2$, \dots, instead of $kg$, $m$, $MJ$, $kW / m^2$, \dots). 

Bibliographic references should be cited in the text by giving the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication, according to the following examples: ``Recent work~\citep{choma2017environmental}\dots'' or ``Recently, \citet{choma2017environmental}\dots''. In the case of three or more authors, the form ``\citep{porto2023fundamental}'' should be used. Two or more references having the same authors and publication year must be distinguished by appending ``a'', ``b'', etc., to the year of publication. For example: ``In the works of~\citet{pitz2017direct} and \citet{pitz2017onset}, \dots''.

Acceptable references include journal articles~\citep{sestito2022process}~\citep{miyawaki2021microalgae}, articles published in conference proceedings~\citep{pitz2017direct}~\citep{Santos2013b}~\citep{Nostrani2019}, conference proceedings~\citep{Carvalho2018}, books~\citep{MendoncaFancello2019}~, Master's Theses~\citep{souza2022efeito} and Doctoral Dissertations or Doctoral Theses~\citep{Santos2020}, patents~\citep{Mendes2018}~\citep{Vargas2021}, reports, when publicly available,~\citep{EPE2022}, websites and specific pages in websites ~\citep{MLA20}, and submitted articles (if the journal is indicated).

References should be listed at the end of the manuscript according to instructions provided in Section~\ref{Sec:references}.

\subsection{Section titles and subtitles}

Section headings and subheadings must be left-aligned and bolded in Times New Roman, size 10. They must be numbered with Arabic numerals separated by periods. No more than 3 subheadings (\emph{section}, \emph{subsection}, and \emph{subsubsection}) should be used. 

There must be a single line above and below each section title/subtitle.

\subsection{Mathematical equations}

Mathematical equations must be indented 0.5 cm from the left margin. They must be written in Times New Roman (or Cambria Math), italics, font size 10 pt. Arabic numerals must be used as equation numbers, enclosed in parentheses and right justified, as shown in the example below. Equations should be designated as either ``Eq.~(\ref{Eq:1})'' in the middle of a sentence or ``Equation~(\ref{Eq:1})'' at the beginning of a sentence. Matrix and vector quantities can be indicated either by square and curly brackets, as in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:1}), or by boldface, as in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:2}). A blank line must be inserted above and below each equation. The symbols used in the equations must be defined immediately before or after their first occurrence.
“The equation of the dynamical system is written in one of the two forms,
\begin{equation}
[M]\{\ddot{x}\}+[C]\{\dot{x}(t)\}+[K]\{x(t)\}={f(t)},
\label{Eq:1}
\end{equation}
or,
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{M}\ \ddot{\mathbf{x}}(t)+\mathbf{C}\ \dot{\mathbf{x}}(t)+\mathbf{K}\ \mathbf{x}(t)=\mathbf{f}(t), 
\label{Eq:2}
\end{equation}
where $[M]$ or $\mathbf{M}$, $[C]$ or $\mathbf{C}$, and $[K]$ or $\mathbf{K}$ are the mass, dissipation and stiffness matrices, respectively, and $[\ddot{x}]$ or $\ddot{\mathbf{x}}$, $[\dot{x}]$ or $\dot{\mathbf{x}}$, $[x]$ or $\mathbf{x}$, and $[f]$ or $\mathbf{f}$ are the acceleration, velocity, displacement, and input force vectors, respectively.''

\subsection{Figures and tables}

Figures and tables should be placed as close as possible to the place in the text where they are first mentioned and must be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals. Figures must be mentioned either as ``Fig.~\ref{Fig:1}'' in the middle of a sentence or as ``Figure~\ref{Fig:1}'' at the beginning of a sentence.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[angle=0, width=17cm]{figure.jpg}
\caption{ASTM 48 (Grade 30) grey cast iron microstructure in border (left) and in the center (right), from \cite{fernandes2023performance}}
\label{Fig:1}
\end{figure}

Both the figures and their captions must be centered in width. Figure captions should be centered and no longer than 3 lines. 

A vertical space equivalent to a blank line must be inserted before and after each figure.

The legend for the data symbols as well as the labels for each curve should be included into the figure. Lettering should be large enough for ease reading. All units must be expressed in the S.I. (metric) system.

Color figures and high-quality photographs can be included in the manuscript. To reduce the file size and preserve the graphic resolution, figures must be saved into GIF (figures with less than 16 colors) or JPEG (for higher color density) files before being inserted in the manuscript.

Tables must be designated as either ``Tab.~\ref{Tab:1}'' in the middle of a sentence or ``Table~\ref{Tab:1}'' at the beginning of a sentence. Both the tables themselves and their titles must be centered in width. Table titles should be no longer than 3 lines. The font and size used in the tables must be similar to that used in the body of the text (both in size and style). Units must be given in the S.I. (metric) system. Any explanations should be at the foot of the tables, not in the tables themselves.

A vertical space equivalent to a blank line must be inserted before and after each table. The design of the table margins is up to you. An example can be found in Tab.~\ref{Tab:1}.

\begin{table}[!h]
\centering
\caption{Experimental results for flexural properties of CFRC-TWILL and CFRC-4HS composites. \protect\\Span/depth ratio = 35:1. Average results of 7 specimens.}
\label{Tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|c}
\hline
\textbf{Composite Properties} & \textbf{CFRC-TWILL} & \textbf{CFRC-4HS}\\
\hline
Flexural Strength\footnotesize{$^{(1)}$}, MPa & 209$\pm$ 10 & 180 $\pm$  15\\
Flexural Modulus\footnotesize{$^{(1)}$}, GPa & 57.0 $\pm$ 2.8 & 18.0 $\pm$  1.3\\
Mid-span deflection at the failure stress, mm & 2.15 $\pm$  1.90 & 6.40 $\pm$  0.25\\
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{l}{\footnotesize{$^{(1)}$ Measured at 25 $^{o}$C.}}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}

This optional section must be placed before the list of references. Authorship should be limited to those who made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. If other individuals were involved in specific substantive aspects of the research project, they should be identified in this section. In addition, all sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed, as well as any potential situations that could be perceived as a conflict of interest.

The following text is an example:

We thank Prof. XXXX for providing the lab floor and equipment used to perform the experiments at XXXX, and Prof. XXXX – University XXXX for performing the simulation calculations. This work was funded by Fundação Araucária under grant number xxxxxx/xxxx.

\section{REFERENCES} 
\label{Sec:references}

The list of references must be inserted as a new section at the end of the manuscript. The first line of each reference must be left-justified. All other lines must be indented 0.5 cm from the left margin. All references listed in the reference list must have been mentioned in the text.

References must be listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. See the following examples:

\bibliographystyle{abcm}
\renewcommand{\refname}{}
\bibliography{bibfile}

\section{RESPONSIBILITY NOTICE}
The following text, properly adapted to the number of authors, must be included in the last section of the paper:

The author(s) is (are) solely responsible for the printed material included in this paper.

\end{document}