George Mason University thesis and dissertation (gmuETD, legacy)

%% A sample appendix
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% $Id: Appendix.tex,v 1.5 2006/08/24 21:12:47 Owner Exp $
%%

% N.B.: an appendix chapter starts with "appchapter" instead of "chapter"
%
% The first argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\appchapter[An Appendix]{An Appendix}

This is an appendix.  Here is a numbered appendix equation:
\begin{equation}
    a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
\end{equation}

\newpage
appendix page 2
\begin{equation}
	a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
\end{equation}

%%
%% GMU LaTeX PhD Dissertation Format Template
%%
%% Developed by:
%%      Daniel O. Awduche and Christopher A. St. Jean
%%      Communications and Networking Lab
%%      Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
%%
%% Usage note are in this file
%% 
%% 04/27/2023 Tammy Stitz - Changed to use the same sty file for theses and dissertations
%% 07/22/2023             - Fixed vertical spacing between the text and figures/tables
%% 01/13/2024             - Added List of Abbreviations
%% 02/16/2024             - Added co-advisor
%% 02/19/2024             - Added adjustable vertical spacing for title page
%% 10/11/2024             - Added a List of Equations. Used a long table due to conflict 	
%%							with the tocloft
%% 05/30/2025             - Added a blindtext package to generate some automatic text for illustration purposes
%% 07/03/2025             - Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters	
%% 03/06/2026             - Added code to fix the style of the bibliography heading
%% 03/20/2026             - Added code for accessibility from Ulrike Fischer and Frank Mittelbach
%% 04/04/2026			  - Re-define bibliography label to be centered (at the end of the the document, removed multibib,
%%							changed documentation for chapterbib
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% $Id: GMU-MS_template.tex,v 2.1 2026/04/04 $
%%

\documentclass[11pt]{report}

%Must be at least 3 lines between the text and the floats TS - 2023
\renewcommand{\textfloatsep}{33pt}
\renewcommand{\floatsep}{33pt}
\renewcommand{\intextsep}{33pt}

%%  The file gmuETD.sty is the GMU latex package to typeset a GMU thesis or dissertation
%%  It should be placed in the same directory as your LaTeX files
\usepackage{gmuETD}

%% Options for the gmuETD package.
%% 1) references - use the label References instead of Bibliography
%% 2) nosecnum - use no section numbers. Default is numbers for sections and subsections.

%%
%% other packages that need to be loaded
%%
\usepackage{graphicx}                    %   for imported graphics
\usepackage{amsmath}                     %%
\usepackage{amsfonts}                    %%  for AMS mathematics
\usepackage{amssymb}                     %%
\usepackage{amsthm}                      %%
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}              %   a nice standard underline package
\usepackage{setspace}                    %   for line spacing commands
\usepackage{array,longtable}			 %   for list of abbreviations
\usepackage{blindtext}                   %   this is for example. you can delete this if you want.

%
% Bibliographies
%

% To get bibliographies at the end of the chapters, use chapterbib or biblatex. For biblatex, please refer to the biblatex documentation on ctan.org. - TAS 2025

%If you are using a style with numbers, the numbers restart for every chapter. If you have chapter bibliographies and you want a bibliography at the end of the document, chapterbib will allow it, but the numbers will not match up. The reason for numbers is to locate the citation. The numbers at the end of the document will be wrong most of the time. It would be much easier to have chapter bibliographies in that case or make them an author/date style for the main document. - TAS 2026

%Uncomment when using chapter bib TAS 2025
%If you are using natbib with it, use the sectionbib option.
%\usepackage[sectionbib]{natbib} 
%\usepackage{chapterbib}


\beforedoc

\begin{document}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

%% In this section, all of the user-specific fields to be used in the
%% title pages are set
%% Note: Title must be in title case to look correct for the title page (e.g., important words are capitalized)
\title{Your paper}
\onelinetitle{The Complete Title is to be Repeated Here without any Line Breaks for the Second Page and for the Abstract Page}
\author{Author}
\degree{Doctor of Philosophy}
\credential{PhD}
\doctype{Dissertation}
\deptadvisor{(Name of Department)}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor. This is the Department of a co-advisor
%\deptcoadvisor{(Name of Department)}

\discipline{(Discipline)}

\seconddeg{Master of Science}
\seconddegschool{My Former School}
\seconddegyear{Year of second degree}

\firstdeg{Bachelor of Science}
\firstdegschool{My Other Former School}
\firstdegyear{Year of first degree}

% There is a \thirddeg option if needed

\degreeyear{Year}

% Note: semester name should be written as Fall Semester, Spring Semester, or Summer Semester.
\degreesemester{X Semester}

%Enter all information that will appear below the signature line % (e.g., Dr. Dimitrios Ioannou, Advisor) Need a second line? use \addsigline (e.g., Dr. Firstname Dean, Dean \addsigline of Some School)
% The advisor's name is used in two places. \advisorsignline is on the signature line only. This is needed for the label and if a second line needs added for the signature line
\advisorname{Dr. First Last}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor
%\coadvisorname{Dr. First Last}

\makeatletter
\advisorsignline{\@advisorname, \@doctype\ Director}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor
%\coadvisorsignline{\@coadvisorname, \@doctype\ Director}

\makeatother

% If needed, there is a \fourthmember, \fifthmember, and \sixthmember
\firstmember{Dr. First Last, Committee Member}
\secondmember{Dr. First Last, Committee Member}
\thirdmember{Dr. First Last, Committee Member}

%Use \fourthmember - \sixthmember if needed. They are optional

%This is often the department head, but is the associate dean for some colleges
\nexttolast{Dr. First Last, title}

% The last signature is usually the Dean of the college
\lastsignature{Dr. First Last, title}

% Can adjust these spaces if Title Page is more than one line. The default lengths are shown.
% Space between signature lines
%\renewcommand{\intercommspace}{0.20in}
% Space before the text
%\renewcommand{\topTitleSkip}{0.5892in}
% Space before Committee: label
%\renewcommand{\midTitleSkip}{0.5in}
% Space after the Committee: label
%\renewcommand{\lblTitleSkip}{16pt}

%%
%% Introductory pages
%%
\signaturepage
\titlepage

% copyright technically optional but should be included in to avoid potential pagination problems
\copyrightpage

%%
%% Dedication page
%%
\dedicationpage

\noindent I dedicate this dissertation to ...

%%
%% Acknowledgements
%%
\acknowledgementspage

\noindent I would like to thank the following people who made this possible ...

%%
%% Table of contents, list of tables, and lists of figures
%%
\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\listoffigures

%Uncomment to create List of Equations - TAS 2024
%\listofequations
%\begin{longtable}{>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{0.6in}p{5.2in}}
%Equation&\hfill Page\\
%\eqDesc{eqlam}{Description of Equation}\\
%\end{longtable}

%Uncomment to create a Table of Abbreviations - TAS 01/13/2024
%\abbrevpage{List of Abbreviations and/or Symbols}
%\begin{longtable}{p{\textwidth}}
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}\\
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}\\
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}
%\end{longtable}

%%
%% Abstract
%%
\abstractpage

Enter abstract text.

%%
%%  the main body of the dissertation
%%
\startofchapters

%% include the chapter files
\include{chapterOne}
\include{chapterTwo}
\include{chapterThree}
\include{chapterFour}
\include{chapterFive}
\include{chapterSix}

%% include the following commands if there are any appendices
\appendix
\appendixeqnumbering
\include{Appendix}

%%
%%  bibliography
%%

% The .bib file is gmuETD.bib. This is for references at the end of the document.
% You can change it to a particular .bst file or configure natbib
\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel}

% The bibliographystyle command is right after the \begin{document} environment.
\bibliography{gmuETD}

%%
%% biography
%%
\biography

\noindent Include your \emph{biography} here detailing your background, education, and professional experience.
\end{document}

%%
%% GMU LaTeX PhD Dissertation Format Template
%%
%% Developed by:
%%      Daniel O. Awduche and Christopher A. St. Jean
%%      Communications and Networking Lab
%%      Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
%%
%% Usage note are in this file
%% 
%% 04/27/2023 Tammy Stitz - Changed to use the same sty file for theses and dissertations
%% 07/22/2023             - Fixed vertical spacing between the text and figures/tables
%% 01/13/2024             - Added List of Abbreviations
%% 02/16/2024             - Added co-advisor
%% 02/19/2024             - Added adjustable vertical spacing for title page
%% 10/11/2024             - Added a List of Equations. Used a long table due to conflict 	
%%							with the tocloft
%% 05/30/2025             - Added a blindtext package to generate some automatic text for illustration purposes
%% 07/03/2025             - Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters	
%% 03/06/2026             - Added code to fix the style of the bibliography heading
%% 03/20/2026             - Added code for accessibility from Ulrike Fischer and Frank Mittelbach
%% 04/04/2026			  - Re-define bibliography label to be centered (at the end of the the document, removed multibib,
%%							changed documentation for chapterbib
%% 
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% $Id: GMU-MS_template.tex,v 2.1 2026/03/20 $
%%

\documentclass[11pt]{report}

%Must be at least 3 lines between the text and the floats TS - 2023
\renewcommand{\textfloatsep}{33pt}
\renewcommand{\floatsep}{33pt}
\renewcommand{\intextsep}{33pt}

%%  The file gmuETD.sty is the GMU latex package to typeset a GMU thesis or dissertation
%%  It should be placed in the same directory as your LaTeX files
\usepackage{gmuETD}

%% Options for the gmuETD package.
%% 1) references - use the label References instead of Bibliography
%% 2) nosecnum - use no section numbers. Default is numbers for sections and subsections.

%%
%% other packages that need to be loaded
%%
\usepackage{graphicx}                    %   for imported graphics
\usepackage{amsmath}                     %%
\usepackage{amsfonts}                    %%  for AMS mathematics
\usepackage{amssymb}                     %%
\usepackage{amsthm}                      %%
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}              %   a nice standard underline package
\usepackage{setspace}                    %   for line spacing commands
\usepackage{array,longtable}			 %   for list of abbreviations
\usepackage{blindtext}                   %   this is for example. you can delete this if you want.

%
% Bibliographies
%

%If you are using a style with numbers, the numbers restart for every chapter. If you have chapter bibliographies and you want a bibliography at the end of the document, chapterbib will allow it, but the numbers will not match up. The reason for numbers is to locate the citation. The numbers at the end of the document will be wrong most of the time. It would be much easier to have chapter bibliographies in that case or make them an author/date style for the main document. - TAS 2026

%Uncomment when using chapter bib TAS 2025
%If you are using natbib with it, use the sectionbib option.
%\usepackage[sectionbib]{natbib} 
%\usepackage{chapterbib}

\beforedoc

\begin{document}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

%% In this section, all of the user-specific fields to be used in the
%% title pages are set
%% Note: Title must be in title case to look correct for the title page (e.g., important words are capitalized)
\title{First line of the title\\
            second line of the title}
\onelinetitle{The Complete Title is to be Repeated Here without any Line Breaks for the Second Page and for the Abstract Page}
\author{Author}
\credential{MS}
\degree{Master of Science}
\doctype{Thesis}
\deptadvisor{Name of Department}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor. This is the Department of a co-advisor
%\deptcoadvisor{(Name of Department)}

\discipline{Discipline}

\firstdeg{Bachelor of Science}
\firstdegschool{My Other Former School}
\firstdegyear{Year of first degree}

% There are \seconddeg and \thirddeg options if needed

\degreeyear{Year}

% Note: semester name should be written as Fall Semester, Spring Semester, or Summer Semester.
\degreesemester{X Semester}

%Enter all information that will appear below the signature line % (e.g., Dr. Dimitrios Ioannou, Advisor) Need a second line? use \addsigline (e.g., Dr. Firstname Dean, Dean \addsigline of Some School)
% The advisor's name is used in two places. \advisorsignline is on the signature line only. This is needed for the label and if a second line needs added for the signature line
\advisorname{Dr. First Last}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor
%\coadvisorname{Dr. First Last}

\makeatletter
\advisorsignline{\@advisorname, \@doctype\ Director}

% Uncomment if you have a co-advisor
%\coadvisorsignline{\@coadvisorname, \@doctype\ Director}

\makeatother
           
\firstmember{Dr. First Last, Committee Member}
\secondmember{Dr. First Last, Committee Member}
%Use \thirdmember - \sixthmember if needed. They are optional

%This is often the department head, but is the associate dean for some colleges
\nexttolast{Dr. First Last, title}

% The last signature is usually the Dean of the college
\lastsignature{Dr. First Last, title}

% Can adjust these spaces if Title Page is more than one line. The default lengths are shown.
% Space between signature lines
%\renewcommand{\intercommspace}{0.20in}
% Space before the text
%\renewcommand{\topTitleSkip}{0.5892in}
% Space before Committee: label
%\renewcommand{\midTitleSkip}{0.5in}
% Space after the Committee: label
%\renewcommand{\lblTitleSkip}{16pt}

%%
%% Introductory pages
%%

\signaturepage
\titlepage

% copyright technically optional but should be included in to avoid potential pagination problems
\copyrightpage

%%
%% Dedication page
%%
\dedicationpage

\noindent I dedicate this dissertation to ...

%%
%% Acknowledgements
%%
\acknowledgementspage

\noindent I would like to thank the following people who made this possible ...

%%
%% Table of contents, list of tables, and lists of figures
%%
\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\listoffigures

%Uncomment to create List of Equations - TS 10/11/2024
%\listofequations
%\begin{longtable}{>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{0.6in}p{5.2in}}
%Equation&\hfill Page\\
%\eqDesc{eqlam}{Description of Equation}\\
%\end{longtable}

%Uncomment to create a Table of Abbreviations - TS 01/13/2024
%\abbrevpage{List of Abbreviations and/or Symbols}
%\begin{longtable}{p{\textwidth}}
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}\\
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}\\
%\symbLine{long name}{abbreviation}
%\end{longtable}

%%
%% Abstract
%%
\abstractpage

Enter abstract text.

%%
%%  the main body of the dissertation
%%
\startofchapters

%% include the chapter files
\include{chapterOne}
\include{chapterTwo}
\include{chapterThree}
\include{chapterFour}
\include{chapterFive}
\include{chapterSix}

%% include the following commands if there are any appendices
\appendix
\appendixeqnumbering
\include{Appendix}

%%
%%  bibliography
%%

% The .bib file is gmuETD.bib. This is for references at the end of the document.
% You can change it to a particular .bst file or configure natbib
\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel}

% The bibliographystyle command is right after the \begin{document} environment.
\bibliography{gmuETD}

%%
%% biography
%%
\biography

\noindent Include your \emph{biography} here detailing your background, education, and professional experience.
\end{document}

%% This file represents a sample fifth chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  	- Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%%
%% $Id: chapterFive.tex,v 2 2025/07/31 $
%%

% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Chapter 5 title in TOC]{Chapter 5 title}

This sentence is here so there is something to cite. \cite{gm-gw}

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

%% This file represents a sample fourth chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  	- Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%%
%% $Id: chapterFour.tex,v 2 2025/07/31 $
%%


% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Manuscript Example 2]{Manuscript Example 2}

% If using the multibib, use \citechapFour. If you want a bibliography at the end of the document, use \nocite after this command.

\section{Abstract}
This is an abstract. This is only an abstract. \cite{parrish}

\section{Section in Manuscript Example 2}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\appsection{Ch4 Appendix}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

%% This file represents a sample first chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  	- Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%% 03/20/2026              	- Added code for accessibility from Ulrike Fischer and Frank Mittelbach
%%
%% $Id: chapterOne.tex,v 2.1 2026/03/20 $
%%

% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Introduction]{Introduction}

\section{A Section}

A DECLARATION OF RIGHTS made by the Representatives of the good people of VIRGINIA, assembled in full and free
Convention; which rights do pertain to them and their posterity, as the basis and foundation of Government.

\begin{enumerate}
  \item That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain
    inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive
    or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and
    possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

  \item That all power is vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are their trustees
    and servants, and at all times amenable to them.

  \item That government is, or ought to be, instituted for the common benefit, protection, and security of the people,
    nation or community; of all the various modes and forms of government that is best, which is capable of
    producing the greatest degree of happiness and safety and is most effectually secured against the danger
    of maladministration; and that, whenever any government shall be found inadequate or contrary to these
    purposes, a majority of the community hath an indubitable, unalienable, and indefeasible right to reform,
    alter or abolish it, in such manner as shall be judged most conducive to the public weal.

  \item That no man, or set of men, are entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community,
    but in consideration of public services; which, not being descendible, neither ought the offices of magistrate,
    legislator, or judge be hereditary.

  \item That the legislative and executive powers of the state should be separate and distinct from the judicative;
    and, that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression by feeling and participating the
    burthens of the people, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into that body
    from which they were originally taken, and the vacancies be supplied by frequent, certain, and regular elections
    in which all, or any part of the former members, to be again eligible, or ineligible, as the laws shall direct.
\end{enumerate}

% Add alternative text to figures 03-20-2026 TS
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[scale=0.3,alt="portrait of George Mason"]{figGeorgeMason}
  \caption[An appropriate historical figure]{An appropriate historical figure.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{A Subsection}
Important previous work was also provided by \cite{gm-gw}

Here is a numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
    f_X(x) = \lambda e^{-\lambda x} u(x). \label{eqlam}
\end{equation}

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

%% This file represents a sample sixth chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  	- Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%%
%% $Id: chapterSix.tex,v 2 2025/07/31 $
%%

% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Chapter 6 title in TOC]{Chapter 6 title}

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

%% This file represents a sample third chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  - Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%% 03/20/2026              - Added code for accessibility from Ulrike Fischer and Frank Mittelbach
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% $Id: chapterThree.tex,v 2.1 2026/03/20 $
%%

% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Manuscript Example]{Manuscript Example}

\section{Abstract}
This is an abstract. This is only an abstract. \cite{mcl}

\section{A section in the first manuscript}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\subsection{A subsection in the First Manuscript}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\appsection{Ch3 Appendix}
\blindtext

%Add scope to the table headings - 03/20/2026 TS
\begin{table}
	\centering
	\caption{A table}
	% Tabular environment goes AFTER the caption!
	%For a table with column headings only
	%For a table with row and column headings
	%\tagpdfsetup{table/header-rows=1,table/header-columns=1}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
		% after \\: \hline or \cline{col1-col2} \cline{col3-col4} ...
		\hline
		A & B & C \\\hline
		D & E & F \\\hline
		G & H & I \\
		\hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

%% This file represents a sample second chapter of the main body of the dissertation
%%
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% 07/09/2025 Tammy Stitz  	- Added code for bibliographies at the end of the chapters
%% 03/20/2026             	- Added code for accessibility from Ulrike Fischer and Frank Mittelbach
%%
%%
%% $Id: chapterTwo.tex,v 2.1 2026/03/20 $
%%


% A first, optional argument in [ ] is the title as displayed in the table of contents
% The second argument is the title as displayed here.  Use \\ as appropriate in
%   this title to get desired line breaks
\chapter[Chapter 2]{Chapter 2}

The second chapter begins here.\footnote{This is an example footnote. We have to
	add some more words to make sure that we have more than one line of footnote
	text to test line spacing.}

\section{First section, Chapter 2}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

\begin{table}
	\centering
	\caption{A table}
	% Tabular environment goes AFTER the caption!
	%For a table with column headings only
	%For a table with row and column headings
    %\tagpdfsetup{table/header-rows=1,table/header-columns=1}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
		% after \\: \hline or \cline{col1-col2} \cline{col3-col4} ...
		\hline
		A & B & C \\\hline
		D & E & F \\\hline
		G & H & I \\
		\hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\blindtext

\subsection{First subsection Chapter 2}
\blindtext

\blindtext

\blindtext

% Uncomment for sectionbib option with natbib and fill in your style - TAS 2025
%\renewcommand{\bibname}{\Large \bf\centering\biblabel} 
%\bibliographystyle{xxxx}
%\bibliography{gmuETD}

@article{gm-gw,
 ISSN = {00426636},
 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4249070},
 author = {Peter R. Henriques},
 journal = {The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography},
 number = {2},
 pages = {185--204},
 publisher = {Virginia Historical Society},
 title = {An Uneven Friendship: The Relationship between {George Washington} and {George Mason}},
 urldate = {2023-04-27},
 volume = {97},
 year = {1989}
}

@book{parrish,
	address = {Long Island, NY},
	title = {{George Mason}},
	publisher = {Great Neck Publishing},
	author = {Parrish, Ann},
	year = {2005}
}

@misc{mcl,
title={Black Lives Next Door: {George Mason} \& {Northern Virginia} in an Age of Disparity \& Opportunity},
	url = {https://research.centerformasonslegacies.com/s/blnd/page/mason-positionality-blackness-in-higher-ed},
author = {{Center for Mason Legacies}},
month = jul,
year = {2025},
}

%%
%% GMU LaTeX Dissertation Format Style File
%%
%% Developed by:
%%      Daniel O. Awduche and Christopher A. St. Jean
%%      Communications and Networking Lab
%%      Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
%%      (with code adopted from the Stanford University PhD thesis
%%      style and other sources)
%%
%% Modifications by:
%%      Muhammad Abdulla
%%      Department of Computer Science
%%
%% Notes on usage can be found in the accompanying USAGE_NOTES.txt file
%%
%% ** Needless to say, this file should not be changed by individual users
%% unless (1) you're experimenting with different behavior and (2) you know
%% what you're doing! **
%%
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall any contributor to this code be liable for any damages
%% or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental, consequential, or
%% any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse of any information
%% contained here.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%% Revision history:
%%
%%      8/11/07: All page numbers are now at the bottom center (C. St. Jean)
%%      1/14/08: Added disclaimer about signature lines. (Muhammad Abdulla)
%%      1/14/08: Dedication and acknowledgments pages are set up to be
%%               single spaced. (Muhammad Abdulla)
%%      1/14/08: List of Tables and List of Figures are set to appear in
%%               Table of Contents (Muhammad Abdulla)
%%      1/14/08: Top margin of appendix is set to 1.25in from 2in (Muhammad Abdulla)
%%      1/14/08: \ls macro is replaced with \doublespacing from setspace package
%%               to keep text in figure captions and footnotes single spaced (Muhammad Abdulla)
%%	3/28/23: Comment out babel package to eliminate an error (Tammy Stitz)
%%			Add command for additional textual lines on the signature page
%%			Eliminate automatic text on signature line and add if statement for \@thirdmember and \@fourthmember
%%			Add advisorsignline in case it needs wordwrapped and for the label that goes on the signature page
%%			Add credential variable to make it configurable by user in .tex file
%%			Changed CV to Biography
%%			Removed single page that said bibliography
%%			Correct float spacing in .tex file, so remove \figSpace
%%			Correct page numbering when more than one abstract page
%%			Widow protection
%% 1/13/24: Added List of Abbreviations (Tammy Stitz)
%%			Added \fifthmember, \sixthmember
%% 2/16/24: Added co-advisor (Tammy Stitz)
%% 2/19/24: Made nearly all vertical space on the title page adjustable (Tammy Stitz)
%% 5/30/25: Added optional arguments references, nosecnum, secnum, subsecnum
%%          Check the section depth for numbers to get right spacing when no number
%%          Remove code that was not used
%%          Added format for appendices and bibliographies at the end of chapters
%% 7/01/25: Changed the name of dean and depthead to lastsignature and nexttolast due to student confusion
%%			Added a third degree due to multiple student requests
%%
%% $Id: gmudissertation.sty,v 2 2025/07/31$
%%
% Define options for reference label and section depth (0 or 2)
\def\biblabelRef{0}
\def\secdepth{2}
\DeclareOption{references}{\renewcommand{\biblabelRef}{1}}
\DeclareOption{nosecnum}{\renewcommand{\secdepth}{0}}
\ProcessOptions

%Set label for references \biblabel is used for the label
\if 1\biblabelRef
\def\biblabel{References}
\else
\def\biblabel{Bibliography}
\fi
\renewcommand{\bibname}{\biblabel}

% Remove section numbering for nosecnum option - TAS 2025
\if 0\secdepth
\renewcommand\thesection{}
\renewcommand\thesubsection{}
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{}
\renewcommand\theparagraph{}
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph{}
\fi

% Widow control
\widowpenalty10000
\clubpenalty10000

% Define equation numbering
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{equation}}
\newtheorem{lem}{Lemma}[section]
\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}[section]
\newtheorem{assum}{Assumption}[section]
\newtheorem{Def}{Definition}[section]

%
%     ===========================
% === definitions of new commands ===
%     ===========================

%
% --- spacing, etc. ---
%

\newcommand{\nl}{\vskip 0.0pc}
\newcommand{\noi}{\noindent}
\newcommand{\emp}[1]{{\bfseries {#1}}}
\newcommand{\capt}[1]{\caption{\small {\it {#1}}}}

\newcommand{\ls}[1]
   {\dimen0=\fontdimen6\the\font
    \lineskip=#1\dimen0
    \advance\lineskip.5\fontdimen5\the\font
    \advance\lineskip-\dimen0
    \lineskiplimit=.9\lineskip
    \baselineskip=\lineskip
    \advance\baselineskip\dimen0
    \normallineskip\lineskip
    \normallineskiplimit\lineskiplimit
    \normalbaselineskip\baselineskip
    \ignorespaces
   }

%Command to simplify the equation and symbol/abbreviation entry - TAS 2024
\newcommand{\eqDesc}[2]{\ref{#1} & \dotfill\phantom{Pag}\pageref{#1}}
\newcommand{\symbLine}[2]{#1\dotfill\phantom{Pag}#2}

%%%%%
%%%%%   SETUP MARGINS AND PENALTIES NEEDED FOR GMU DISSERTATION
%%%%%


% Create signature line commands
\def\siglinelength{2.8 in} % was 3.0 in
\def\spacesiglinename{0.5 cm}
\def\datelinelength{5.96 cm} % was 6.65 cm
\def\siglinedepth{0.4pt}
\def\intercommspace{0.20in}
\def\siglinewithspace{\rule{\siglinelength}{\siglinedepth} \hspace{\spacesiglinename}}

%Additional line for text under a signature line - TAS 2023
\def\addsigline{\\\phantom{\siglinewithspace}} 

% Create title page commands
\def\topTitleSkip{0.5892in}
\def\midTitleSkip{0.5in}
\def\lblTitleSkip{16pt}

% Set single space
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}

% Set TOC and Abstract label commands
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{\centering \large TABLE OF CONTENTS}
\renewcommand{\listfigurename}{\centering \large LIST OF FIGURES}
\renewcommand{\listtablename}{\centering \large LIST OF TABLES}
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{\centering \large ABSTRACT}

% We need 1" margins except on the binding edge, where it is 1 1/2"
% Theses may be either single or double sided
\if@twoside
    \setlength\oddsidemargin   {36.1\p@}
    \setlength\evensidemargin  {0\p@}
    \setlength\marginparwidth {40\p@}
\else
    \setlength\oddsidemargin   {36.1\p@}
    \setlength\evensidemargin  {36.1\p@}
    \setlength\marginparwidth  {40\p@}
\fi

\marginparsep 10pt

% 11/06/03 additions
\voffset -0.5in

%%%%%%%

% 11/07/03 additions
\topmargin 0pt
\headsep .5625in
\textheight 8.6in
\textwidth 6in
\footskip 21pt


% Disallow page breaks at hyphens (this will give some underfull vbox's,
% so an alternative is to use \brokenpenalty=100 and manually search
% for and fix such page breaks)
\brokenpenalty=10000

%%%%%
%%%%%   SETUP COMMANDS PECULIAR TO THESES
%%%%%

% Create commands for the front matter (e.g, signature page, title page)
\def\onelinetitle#1{\gdef\@onelinetitle{#1}}
\def\credential#1{\gdef\@credential{#1}}
\def\degree#1{\gdef\@degree{#1}}
\def\doctype#1{\gdef\@doctype{#1}}
\def\chapterOneTitle#1{\gdef\@chapterOneTitle{#1}}

% Needed after the degree title in the title page (Muhammad Abdulla)
\def\discipline#1{\gdef\@discipline{#1}} 

% Create advisor and coadviser commands
\def\deptadvisor#1{\gdef\@deptadvisor{#1}}
\def\deptcoadvisor#1{\gdef\@deptcoadvisor{#1}}
\def\advis@r{Adviser} % default spelling
\def\advisorname#1{\gdef\@advisorname{#1}}
\def\coadvisorname#1{\gdef\@coadvisorname{#1}}
\def\advisorsignline#1{\gdef\@advisorsignline{#1}}
\def\coadvisorsignline#1{\gdef\@coadvisorsignline{#1}}

% Create commands for committee members and others that sign the thesis or dissertation
\def\firstmember#1{\gdef\@firstmember{#1}}
\def\secondmember#1{\gdef\@secondmember{#1}}
\def\thirdmember#1{\gdef\@thirdmember{#1}}
\def\fourthmember#1{\gdef\@fourthmember{#1}}
\def\fifthmember#1{\gdef\@fifthmember{#1}}
\def\sixthmember#1{\gdef\@sixthmember{#1}}
\def\nexttolast#1{\gdef\@nexttolast{#1}}
\def\lastsignature#1{\gdef\@lastsignature{#1}}

% Create submit date command
\def\submitdate#1{\gdef\@submitdate{#1}}

% Create previous degree commands (up to 3 previous degrees)
\def\firstdeg#1{\gdef\@firstdeg{#1}}
\def\firstdegschool#1{\gdef\@firstdegschool{#1}}
\def\firstdegyear#1{\gdef\@firstdegyear{#1}}
\def\seconddeg#1{\gdef\@seconddeg{#1}}
\def\seconddegschool#1{\gdef\@seconddegschool{#1}}
\def\seconddegyear#1{\gdef\@seconddegyear{#1}}
\def\thirddeg#1{\gdef\@thirddeg{#1}}
\def\thirddegschool#1{\gdef\@thirddegschool{#1}}
\def\thirddegyear#1{\gdef\@thirddegyear{#1}}

% Create commands for the degree that is being sought
\def\degreesemester#1{\gdef\@degreesemester{#1}}
\def\degreeyear#1{\gdef\@degreeyear{#1}}

% Define the abstract command
\def\abstract#1{\gdef\@abstract{#1}}

% Define various front matter commands. Those that have a * are not required in the GMU-Diss_template.tex or GMU-MS_template.tex file
\def\@title{}\def\@author{}\def\@deptadvisor{}\def\@deptcoadvisor{*}\def\@discipline{}\def\@credential{*}
\def\@advisorname{}\def\@coadvisorname{*}
\def\@advisorsignline{}\def\@coadvisorsignline{*}
\def\@firstmember{*}\def\@secondmember{*}\def\@thirdmember{*}\def\@fourthmember{*}\def\@fifthmember{*}\def\@sixthmember{*}
\def\@seconddeg{*}\def\@seconddegschool{*}\def\@seconddegyear{*}
\def\@thirddeg{*}\def\@thirddegschool{*}\def\@thirddegyear{*}
\def\@nexttolast{*}
\def\@lastsignature{*}

\def\beforedoc{
    %
    % --- spacing and page numbering
    %

    \markright{}
    \pagestyle{myheadings}
}

% Create the signature page
\def\signaturepage{
        \pagenumbering{roman}
        \pagestyle{plain}
        \thispagestyle{empty}%
        \null \vskip\topTitleSkip %.5825in,.01in
        \begin{center}
                \rm\uline{\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}}\\
                \normalsize
                \bigskip by \\
                \bigskip \@author \\
                A \@doctype\ \\
                Submitted to the\\
                Graduate Faculty\\
                of\\
                George Mason University\\
                In Partial fulfillment of\\
                The Requirements for the Degree\\
                of\\
                \@degree\\
                \@discipline\\[\midTitleSkip] %[0.5 in]
        \end{center}
        Committee:\\[\lblTitleSkip] %[16 pt]
        % Remove all the automatic text and allow the author to enter TAS - 2023
        \siglinewithspace \@advisorsignline\\[\intercommspace]
        \if*\@coadvisorname
        \else
            \siglinewithspace \@coadvisorsignline\\[\intercommspace]
        \fi
        \siglinewithspace \@firstmember\\[\intercommspace]
        \siglinewithspace \@secondmember\\[\intercommspace]
        \if*\@thirdmember
        \else
            \siglinewithspace \@thirdmember\\[\intercommspace]
        \fi
	    \if*\@fourthmember
        \else
            \siglinewithspace \@fourthmember\\[\intercommspace]
        \fi
	    \if*\@fifthmember
        \else
            \siglinewithspace \@fifthmember\\[\intercommspace]
        \fi
	    \if*\@sixthmember
        \else
			\siglinewithspace \@sixthmember\\[\intercommspace]
		\fi
	  \if*\@nexttolast
      \else
        \siglinewithspace \@nexttolast\\[\intercommspace]
	  \fi
	  \if*\@lastsignature
      \else
        \siglinewithspace \@lastsignature\\[\intercommspace]
      \fi
        Date: \rule{\datelinelength}{\siglinedepth} \hspace{\spacesiglinename} \!\!\@degreesemester\
        \@degreeyear\\
        \phantom{Date: \rule{\datelinelength}{\siglinedepth} \hspace{\spacesiglinename} \!\!}George Mason University \\
        \phantom{Date: \rule{\datelinelength}{\siglinedepth} \hspace{\spacesiglinename} \!\!}Fairfax, VA
       \newpage
}

% Create the title page
\def\titlepage{
        \thispagestyle{empty}%
        \null\vskip .5825in %\vskip -0.1in%
        \begin{center}
                \rm\expandafter{\@onelinetitle}\\[10 pt] %Needed title to be in caps
        \end{center}
        A \lowercase\expandafter{\@doctype} submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
            the degree of \\ \@degree\ at George Mason University \\[10 pt]%[35 pt]
        \begin{center}
        By \\[35 pt]
        \@author \\
        \if*\@thirddeg 
        \else
             \@thirddeg\\
             \@thirddegschool, \@thirddegyear
             \\
        \fi
        \if*\@seconddeg 
        \else
             \@seconddeg\\
             \@seconddegschool, \@seconddegyear
             \\
        \fi
        \@firstdeg\\
        \@firstdegschool, \@firstdegyear
        \\[39 pt]
        \if*\@coadvisorname
           Director: \@advisorname, Professor \\
           Department of \@deptadvisor \\[35 pt]
        \else
           Directors: \@advisorname, Professor\\
           Department of \@deptadvisor \\
           \@coadvisorname, Professor\\
           Department of \@deptcoadvisor\\[35 pt]
        \fi
        \@degreesemester\
        %Semester
        \@degreeyear \\
        George Mason University \\
        Fairfax, VA
        \end{center}
        \vfill
        \newpage
}

% Create the copyright page
\def\copyrightpage{
        \null\vspace*{2.375 in}
        \pagenumbering{roman}
        \setcounter{page}{2}
        \begin{center}
                Copyright\ \copyright\ \@degreeyear\ by \@author\\
                All Rights Reserved
        \end{center}
        \vfill\newpage
}

\def\beforepreface{
        \pagenumbering{roman}
        \pagestyle{plain}
        \signaturepage
        \titlepage
}

% Create the dedication page
\def\dedicationpage{
        \lineskiplimit=1pc
        %\baselineskip=1pc \lineskip=1pc replacing the two lines with the following line so that the lineskip
        % for dedictaion page is  single spaced. (Muhammad Abdulla)
        \ls{1}

        \renewcommand{\thepage}{\roman{page}}
        \setcounter{page}{3}

       \vspace*{.30 in}
		\centerline{\Large \bf Dedication}
        \vskip 2.93 pc
}

% Create the acknowledgement page
\def\acknowledgementspage{
        % The settings for lineskips are carried over from the dedication page.
        % But we cannot depend on it. So adding these lines to be sure that the
        % text in acknowledgements is single spaced. (Muhammad Abdulla)
        \ls{1}

        \pagebreak
        \vspace*{0.30 in}
         		\centerline{\Large \bf Acknowledgments}
        \vskip 2.73 pc
}

\def\startofchapters{
% Set the first chapter flag
\newpage
\doublespacing
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{page}}
\setcounter{chapter}{0}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\pagestyle{plain}
}

%
% --- chapters ---
%

% Use \secdepth to get correct spacing - TAS 2025
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{%
	\refstepcounter{chapter}
	\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}	
	\if 0\secdepth
        \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\hspace*{-1.25em}#1}
    \else
        \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter} #1}
    \fi
    \chaptermark{#1}
    \if@twocolumn
       \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]
    \else 
       \@makechapterhead{#2}
       \@afterheading
    \fi
}

\def\l@chapter{\vskip 0.0em plus 1pt
    \@dottedtocline{0}{0.0em}{1.35em}
}

% Use \secdepth to determine correct spacing - TAS 2025
\def\@makechapterhead#1{
    \parindent 0pt \raggedright
    \vspace*{0.27 in}
    \begin{center}
       \Large \bf 
	   \if 0\secdepth
	      #1 \par
	   \else
	      Chapter \thechapter: #1 \par
	   \fi
    \end{center}
    \nobreak
    \vskip 22 pt
}

%
% --- appendix chapters ---
%

% Use \secdepth to get right spacing - TAS 2025
\def\appchapter[#1]#2{
    \refstepcounter{chapter}
    \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}
    \if 0\secdepth
       \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\hspace*{-1.25em}#1}
    \else
       \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter} #1}
    \fi
    \chaptermark{#1}
    \if@twocolumn
       \@topnewpage[\@makeappchapterhead{#2}]
    \else 
       \@makeappchapterhead{#2}
       \@afterheading
    \fi
}

\def\appsection#1{
	\refstepcounter{section}
	\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thesection.}
	\chaptermark{#1}
	\if@twocolumn
	   \@topnewpage[\@makeappsectionhead{#1}]
	\else 
	   \@makeappsectionhead{#1}
	   \@afterheading
	\fi
}

% Use \secdepth to get correct spacing - TAS 2025
\def\@makeappchapterhead#1{
    \parindent 0pt \raggedright
    \vspace*{-0.48 in} % changing top margin of appendix from 2" to 1.25" (Muhammad Abdulla)
		{	\Large \bf
   			\if 0\secdepth
				\centerline{#1}
			\else
				\centerline{Appendix \thechapter: #1}
			\fi}
    \nobreak
    \vskip 22 pt
}

% Chapter Appendices still need centered - TAS 2025
\def\@makeappsectionhead#1{
    \parindent 0pt
\begin{center}
	\Large \bf
	#1 \par
\end{center}
\nobreak
\vskip 22 pt
}

%
% --- secondary chapters
%

%\def\chapt{\clearpage       % Starts new page.
%    \global\@topnum\z@      % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
%    \@afterindentfalse      % Suppresses indent in first paragraph.  Change
%    \secdef\@chapt\@schapt  % to \@afterindenttrue to have indent.
%}
\NewDocumentCommand{\chapt}{s o m}{%
	\clearpage
	\global\@topnum\z@
	\@afterindentfalse
	\IfBooleanTF{#1}{\@schapt{#3}}{\IfNoValueTF{#2}{\@chapt[#3]{#3}}{\@chapt[#2{#3}]}}
}


%Sections before the TOC in the TOC
% Use \secdepth to get correct spacing - TAS 2025
\def\@chapt[#1]#2{
    \refstepcounter{chapter}
    \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}
	\if 0\secdepth
       \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\hspace*{-1.5em}#1}
    \else
       \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{}\hspace*{-1.5em}#1}
    \fi
    \chaptermark{#1}
    \if@twocolumn                                 % Tests for two-column mode.
       \@topnewpage[\@makechapthead{#2}]
    \else 
       \@makechapthead{#2}
       \@afterheading
    \fi
}                            

% Calls make heading for TOC
\def\@schapt#1{
	\if@twocolumn 
	   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapthead{#1}]
    \else 
       \@makeschapthead{#1}
       \@afterheading
    \fi
}

% Label on chapter
\def\@makechapthead#1{
    \parindent 0pt \raggedright
    \vspace*{0.625in}
    \centerline{\Large \bf #1} \par
    \nobreak
    \vskip 50pt
}

% TOC heading
\def\@makeschapthead#1{
    \parindent 0pt \raggedright
    \vspace*{0.625in}
    \centerline{\Large \bf #1} \par
    \nobreak
    \vskip 50pt
}

%
% --- table of contents ---
%

\def\tableofcontents{
    \baselineskip=0.25pc
    \lineskip=0.25pc
    \lineskiplimit=0.25pc
    \@restonecolfalse
    \if@twocolumn
       \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \fi
    		\chapt*{Table of Contents\@mkboth{TABLE OF CONTENTS}{TABLE OF CONTENTS}}
    \vskip -0.83 pc
    \hfill Page \par
    \lineskip=0.7pc     %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING TOC
    \@starttoc{toc}
    \if@restonecol
       \twocolumn
    \fi
    \lineskip=0.25pc   %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING TOC
}


% --List of Tables
% captiontable - a tabular environment nested within a table environment with
%                a label, an optional List of Tables entry and a caption

\def\captiontable#1{
    \@ifnextchar {\@captiontable{#1}}{\@dblarg{\@captiontable{#1}}}
}

\def\@captiontable#1[#2]#3{
    \def\@captionlabel{#1}
    \def\@captionlistentry{#2}
    \def\@captionheading{#3}
    \begin{table}
    \centering 
}

\def\endcaptiontable{
    \caption [\@captionlistentry]{\@captionheading}
    \label {\@captionlabel}
    \vspace*{7.6in}
    \end{table}
}

\def\listoftables{
	\@restonecolfalse
	\if@twocolumn
	   \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \fi
    % make "List of Tables" appear in Table of Contents (Muhammad Abdulla)
    		\chapt{List of Tables\@mkboth{LIST OF TABLES}{LIST OF TABLES}}
    \vskip -0.83 pc
    \hspace{0.5em}Table \hfill Page \par
    \lineskip=0.7pc  %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING LOT
    \@starttoc{lot}
    \if @restonecol
       \twocolumn
    \fi
    \lineskip=0.25pc  %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING LOT
}

%
% --- list of figures ---
%

\def\listoffigures{
	\@restonecolfalse
	\if@twocolumn
	   \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \fi
    % make "List of Figures" appear in Table of Contents (Muhammad Abdulla)
			\chapt{List of Figures}\@mkboth{LIST OF FIGURES}{LIST OF FIGURES}
    \vskip -0.83 pc
    \vspace*{-0.05in}
    Figure \hfill Page \par
    \lineskip=0.7pc  %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING LOF
    \@starttoc{lof}
    \if@restonecol
       \twocolumn
    \fi
    \lineskip=0.25pc  %%% USE FOR WIDER SPACING LOF
}

%
% --- list of equations ---
%

\def\listofequations{
	\pagebreak
	\baselineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskiplimit=0.25pc
			\chapt{List of Equations}
	\vskip -0.83 pc
	\vspace*{-0.05in}
}

%
% List of Abbreviations
%
\def\abbrevpage#1{
	\pagebreak
	\baselineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskiplimit=0.25pc
	\chapt{#1}
	\vskip -0.83 pc
	\vspace*{-0.05in}
}

%
% --- abstract
%

\def\abstractpage{
	\pagebreak
	\baselineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskip=0.25pc
	\lineskiplimit=0.25pc
	\pagestyle{empty}
	\chapt{Abstract}
	\baselineskip=1pc
	\lineskip=1pc
	\lineskiplimit=1pc
	\vskip 0.25cm
	\noi
	\ls{1}
	\rm\uppercase\expandafter{\@onelinetitle}
	\nl
	\baselineskip=1pc
	\lineskip=1pc
	\lineskiplimit=1pc
	\noi
	\if*\@credential
	   \@author
	\else
	   \@author, \@credential
	\fi
	\nl
	\noi
	George Mason University, \@degreeyear
	\nl
	\noi
	\if*\@coadvisorname
	   \@doctype\ Director: \@advisorname
	\else
	   \@doctype\ Directors: \@advisorname\\
	   \phantom{\@doctype\ Directors: }\@coadvisorname
	\fi
	\nl
	\vskip 46pt
}

\def\appendixeqnumbering {
    \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}
}

%
% --- bibliography
%

% Took out seperate page that just said bibliography - TAS 2023
\def\thebibliography#1{
	\ls{1}
	{\centering \chapter*{\bibname}}
	\list{[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth\advance\leftmargin\labelsep\usecounter{enumi}}
	\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
	\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
	\sfcode`\.=1000\relax
}

%
% --- biography
%

% biography instead of CV - TAS 2023
\def\biography{
    \pagebreak
    \vspace*{.26 in}
        		\centerline{\Large \bf Biography}
    \vskip 43 pt
    \ls{1}
    \noindent
}

% we can send console reminder messages to the user here
% Added by Muhammad Abdulla
\AtEndDocument{
\typeout{}%
\typeout{======================== Attention ===============================}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{The signature lines are different for each College/School of}%
\typeout{George Mason University.}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{The current signature page is set according to the requirements} %
\typeout{of the Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering.}%
\typeout{Students of other colleges/schools may need to manipulate the}%
\typeout{"signaturepage" section of the gmudissertation.sty file in order}%
\typeout{for the signature page to be formatted correctly.}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{==================================================================}%
\typeout{}%
}