International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC) paper (ihtc-18)

%% LaTeX template for the proceedings of the
%% IHTC18 - 18TH INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE
%% Based on:
%% - MS Word template Template_Word_IHTC18.docx
%% - LaTeX template for IHTC17
%% June, 1st, 2025
%% Files:
%% - IHTC-18-TEMPLATE.tex -  main file
%% - ihtc-18.sty - style file
%% - ihtc.bst - bibliography style

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{ihtc-18}

% Paper ID (received on abstract submission) - REPLACE BY 5-DIGIT NUMBER
\paperID{0000}

% Title:
\title{Your paper}

% Authors:
\author{First A. Author\from{1}\correspondingauthor, 
Second B. Author, Jr.\from{1}, 
Third Author\from{2},
Fourth C. Author\from{3}}

% Affiliations
\affiliation{
\address{1}{The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 123-4567, Japan}\\
\address{2}{University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA} \\
\address{3}{Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China}
}

% E-mail address (corresponding author only)
\email{[email protected]}

% Abstract
\abstract{%
The guidelines for the preparation of papers to be submitted for the 18th International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC-18, can be found here. Accepted papers will be published in the International Heat Transfer Conference Digital Library (\url{https://www.ihtcdigitallibrary.com/}), and a copyright transfer to Begell House Inc. will be required. The present file can be used as a template for \LaTeX and also serves as a formatting guide for users of other text processing software. Papers that do not strictly follow these guidelines will not be accepted. The paper, saved as a PDF file, must be submitted through the Online Submission System of the IHTC-18 Conference (\url{https://submissions.ihtc18.org/}).   
}

% Keywords (up to 6, separated by comas)
\keywords{(Times New Roman, 10-point type size) Convection, Computational methods, Heat exchanger, Cooling turbine blade, Film cooling, High temperature}

\begin{document}
\maketitle


\section{INTRODUCTION}

The paper must be formatted in accordance with these guidelines. At least one author needs to be registered by July 03, 2026 for an accepted paper to be included in the proceedings and in the conference program. Each registration can be associated with the publication of one single paper. The review process will be conducted by regional editors, who will be automatically selected based on the geographical location of the institution of the corresponding author.

\section{LENGTH AND LAYOUT}

Papers should be prepared in one-column format, A4 size (210 $\times$ 297 mm), borders of 20 mm all around and a minimum of 8 pages. Regular contributed papers are limited to 15 pages, while papers from plenary and keynote lectures are limited to 30 pages. These page limits include tables, figures and references. The maximum allowable size for the PDF file is 4 Megabytes.

The layout of the paper should follow the style of this document, starting with a title, author(s) name(s) and affiliation(s). The title should appear 40 mm below the top edge of the first page.  It should be brief, clear, and descriptive, written in Times New Roman, 14-point all bold capital letters (except if formulae or symbols appear in the title), and centered horizontally.  Leave one blank line below the title and include authors’ names in 11-point Times New Roman bold characters. Authors’ affiliations should be in Times New Roman regular 11-point characters. One blank line should be included between the authors’ names and their affiliations. 

\subsection{Abstract.}  A brief abstract (100 -- 250 words) should appear beneath the affiliation(s) of the author(s). It should summarize the paper’s most significant contributions.  It is also important to indicate briefly the paper goals, methods, results and conclusions.  Avoid abbreviations, diagrams, and references in the abstract. The abstract must be complete and understandable without reference to the paper text.  Leave a blank line between the Authors’ affiliations and the Abstract, and  leave a blank line between the Abstract and Keywords.

\subsection{Keywords.} Up to 6 keywords should be selected to describe the main features of the paper. Keywords should be separated by comma and typed in Times New Roman 10-point size. Leave two blank lines between keywords and the heading of the first paper section.

\subsection{Header and Footer.} Page header of the first page is different from those of the remaining pages. The IHTC logo and the conference title only appear on the first page. The paper number should be included on the header of all pages. The paper number corresponds to the one provided by the Online Submission System during abstract submission.  The footer of the first page contains the e-mail address of the corresponding author.  

\subsection{Main Text.} The main text of the paper should be single-spaced, in Times New Roman 11-point font, and justified on both sides. Include a blank line between paragraphs

\section{HEADINGS AND EQUATIONS}

First-level headings need to be centered, in Times New Roman capital letters, with bold characters 12-point type size. These headings should be numbered sequentially. Leave two blank lines before and one blank line after first-level headings.


\subsection{Second-Level Headings.} Second-level headings should be typed in Times New Roman, 12-point bold characters, with only the first letters of each word in upper case. Second-level headings should be typed flush left, starting with the section number, followed by a period and the corresponding number of the heading within the section. A period and one letter space must immediately follow second-level headings. The paper text should immediately follow these headings, in regular Times New Roman 11-point type size characters, without further indentation. Leave one line space above second-level headings.


\subsubsection{Third-level headings.} Third-level headings should be placed at the beginning of a paragraph in italic characters.  Capitalize only the first letter and underline the whole heading. A period and two letter spaces should follow third-level headings. The paper text should immediately follow these headings, in regular Times New Roman 11-point type size characters, without further indentation. Leave one line space above third-level headings.

Equations should be centered and with one-line spaces above and below to distinguish them from the text.  Use commonly available fonts such as Times New Roman in your equations. Do not insert equations in a non-editable picture format. All equations should be numbered consecutively in order of appearance, as illustrated below by eqs.~\eqref{eq:first} and \eqref{eq:second}. In the text, refer to an equation as, for example, eq.~\eqref{eq:first}, with no space between the word “eq.” and the Arabic numeral corresponding to the figure number inside parentheses. However, when starting a sentence, the word “Equation” should not be abbreviated. Equation numbers should be flush right, preferably on the same line of the equation.

Subscripts and superscripts should be clearly typed. Numbers and letters that are intended to be subscripts or superscripts should not be aligned with the rest of the text. The nomenclature must not be ambiguous.  
%
\begin{gather}\label{eq:first}
	\dot{r}(\alpha) = \lambda
\end{gather}
%
and
%
\begin{gather}\label{eq:second}
	k_{ij} = \Theta_1 \exp\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\sum_{d=1}^D{\dfrac{\left(X_i - X_j\right)^2}{\lambda_d^2}}\right)
\end{gather}

Do not use punctuation at the end of equations.  Align equal signs when equations are stacked with no intervening words.  
All data should be reported in SI units.  Decimal places should be separated by a period, and not by commas or centered dots.


\section{FIGURES AND TABLES}

\subsection{Figures.} Care should be taken to ensure that figures fit within the text length.  As a general rule, font size in the figures should be comparable to that of the main text. Color and black/white figures are allowed, with sufficient resolution to permit high quality reproduction. Figures should be centered, with one-line spaces above and below them. Use pdf, jpg, tiff, gif, or similar formats for high quality figures

Figures should be numbered consecutively in order of appearance. In the text, refer to a figure as, for example, Fig.~\ref{fig:first}, with a single letter space between the word “Fig.” and the Arabic numeral corresponding to the figure number.  However, when starting a sentence, the word “Figure” should not be abbreviated. Place figures as close as possible to their first citation in the text.  For the caption, type the word “Fig.” and its number followed by a two-letter space. Then, type the caption in regular Times New Roman 11-point type size characters. Captions should be in single space, with an initial capital letter only for the first word and for proper nouns.
%
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.82\textwidth]{SAMPLE1.jpeg}
\caption{One-line captions are centered, with one-line spacing above and below.\label{fig:first}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{SAMPLE2.jpeg}
\caption{Captions with two or more lines should be left-aligned below the figure. Add one-line spaces above and below the figure caption.\label{fig:second}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Tables.} When tables are mentioned in the text, they should be referred to as, for example, Table~\ref{tab:first}, \emph{i.e.}, with a single letter space between the word “Table” and the Arabic numeral. Tables should be numbered consecutively in order of appearance.

Captions should appear above the respective tables.  Leave a single blank line above the table caption and a two-line space between the table and the start of the following text.  The caption must include the word “Table”, followed by the table number and by the text of the caption, all centered.  Use horizontal rules above and below to separate title from column heads, ranks within column heads, column heads from table body, and table body from table footnotes or sources. The tables must be typed in Times New Roman, 11-point size, centered characters.
%
\begin{table}[!h]
\caption{Table captions go above the table. Captions that are 2 or more lines long should be flushed left. Use one-line spaces above and below the caption.\label{tab:first}}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{M{2cm} | M{3.5cm} | M{2cm} | M{2cm} | M{2cm}}
\hline
Case & Diameter, $d_B$ (mm) & $f$ (Hz) & $\mathrm{We}$ & $\mathrm{St}$\\
\hline
1 & 0.5 & 731 & 117 & 0.15\\
2 & 0.5 & 1799 & 620 & 0.16\\
3 & 1.3 & 198 & 124 & 0.17\\
\hline%
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{NON-ENGLISH-SPEAKING AUTHORS}

Papers must be written in English. Reviewers will not provide corrections for grammar, spelling, or language use.  As there is no editing stage for publication-ready manuscripts, it is the authors’ responsibility to ensure that the presentation quality of their papers matches the high standard of their research.

\section{CONCLUSIONS}

\textbf{Paper Size:} A4 (210 × 297 mm).\\
\textbf{Margins:} 20 mm margins all round. \\
\textbf{Line Spacing:} Single-spaced with one blank line between paragraphs. No paragraph indentation.  \\
\textbf{Justification:} Full (left and right) justification. \\
\textbf{Page Numbering:} Centered, at the bottom of the page. \\
\textbf{Figures and Tables:} Figures and tables must appear close to their first citation in the text and should not be grouped at the end of the paper. \\
\textbf{PDF file:} Submissions will only be accepted as a PDF file, with maximum size of 4~MB. \\
\textbf{Submission Site:} \url{https://submissions.ihtc18.org/}  \\
\textbf{Submission Deadline:} Full draft paper must be submitted by December 5, 2025. \\


\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}

Acknowledgements should be placed immediately after CONCLUSIONS, if necessary.

\section*{NOMENCLATURE}

Editors of major heat transfer journals have adopted a common list of symbols, which can be found in the Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 121, No. 4, pp. 770-773, November, 1999.  Authors should use this list of symbols in their papers submitted for IHTC-18. Symbols which are defined in this list are not required to be included in the paper nomenclature. A brief nomenclature defining uncommon or non-standard symbols should be presented in two columns, immediately above the REFERENCES.  SI Units must be used throughout the paper.
%
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{tabular}[t]{p{10mm} p{45mm} l}
$\mathrm{Be}$ & {dimensionless variable} & ( - )\\
$\hat{C}$ & second variable	& (s$^2$)\\
$Q_A$ & third variable & (kJ) \\
$w_x$ & fourth variable & (m$^2$/s) \\
\end{tabular}
\hfill
\begin{tabular}[t]{p{10mm} p{45mm} l}
$\phi(\Omega)$ & function & \\
$\zeta$ & dimensionless variable & ( - ) \\
$\Omega$ & fifth variable & (s$^{-1}$)\\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}


\section*{REFERENCES}

References should be numbered consecutively in accordance with their order of appearance in the text. Citations should be made by using Arabic numerals in square brackets (for example, \cite{colburn1964method}). Papers with incorrectly formatted or incomplete references will not be accepted. References should be in Times New Roman, 9-point type size, justified, first line flush left and remaining lines indented. The examples below show the format of different reference sources. 

\begin{itemize}
  \item Journal paper: \cite{colburn1964method}
  \item Book: \cite{nield2005convection}
  \item E-Book: \cite{buyevich2005heat}
  \item Edited book: \cite{yang1992rotating}
  \item Chapter in edited book: \cite{nishikawa1982augmentation}
  \item Conference proceedings: \cite{ma1987effects} and \cite{kasagi2010control}
  \item Dissertation: \cite{richmond2004steady}
  \item Web document: \cite{webdoc1}
  \item Chapter or section of a web document: \cite{webdoc2}
  \item Online scholarly journal article: \cite{webdoc3}
\end{itemize}

\bibliographystyle{ihtc} % bibliography formatting (.bst file)
\bibliography{ihtc18bib} %bibliography file (.bib file)


\end{document}

%% LaTeX template for the proceedings of the
%% IHTC18 - 18TH INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE
%% Based on:
%% - MS Word template Template_Word_IHTC18.docx
%% - LaTeX template for IHTC17
%% June, 1st, 2025
%% Files:
%% - IHTC-18-TEMPLATE.tex -  main file
%% - ihtc-18.sty - style file
%% - ihtc.bst - bibliography style

\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{anyfontsize}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{layouts}
\usepackage{mfirstuc}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[labelsep=quad]{caption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{hhline}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage[square,numbers,sort]{natbib}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage[left=20mm,right=20mm,top=20mm,bottom=25mm,footskip=13mm]{geometry}
\usepackage[singlespacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{
    colorlinks=true,
    linkcolor=black,
    urlcolor=blue,
    citecolor=black,
    pdftitle={IHTC-18-2026}
}
\renewcommand\UrlFont{\rmfamily}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist[itemize]{noitemsep}

\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{5pt}

% Definitions
\newcommand{\paperID}{\def\thepaperID}
\newcommand{\affiliation}{\def\theaffiliation}
\newcommand{\email}{\def\emailaddress}
\newcommand{\keywords}{\def\thekeywords}
\renewcommand{\abstract}{\def\theabstract}
\newcommand{\from}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}%keeping manual index entries
\newcommand{\address}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}%keeping manual index entries
\def\correspondingauthor{\textsuperscript{*}}%avoid custom symbols

\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{11pt}{13.2pt}\selectfont}

\makeatletter
\renewcommand\maketitle{
	\thispagestyle{titlepage}
	\begin{center}
		{~\\[12mm]
			\bfseries\fontsize{14pt}{17pt}\selectfont \@title\\~
		}\\[1.5ex] 
		{\bfseries\normalsize \@author}\\[3ex] 
		{\normalsize \theaffiliation}
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	{\section*{abstract}\noindent\theabstract}
	{\subsection*{\uppercase{keywords:}}
		\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\thekeywords}
}
\makeatother

%% Title page format, header and footer
\fancypagestyle{titlepage}{\fancyhf{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
	\fancyfoot[R]{~\\[-10mm]\raggedright\fontsize{10.5pt}{12pt}\selectfont%
		*Corresponding Author: \emailaddress \\% 
		\centering\fontsize{12pt}{13pt}\selectfont\thepage
	}
	\fancyhead{
		~\\[3.5mm]
		\begin{minipage}[T]{0.23\textwidth}
			\raggedright\noindent
			\includegraphics[scale=0.39]{ihtc-logo.jpg}
		\end{minipage}%
		\begin{minipage}[T]{0.77\textwidth}
			\raggedright\noindent\bfseries
			\fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\selectfont
			\sffamily 
			\begin{flushright}
			%\small
			\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont
			Proceedings of the 18th International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC-18 \\
			August 2-7, 2026, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil \\ \vspace{12pt}	
				\fontsize{13pt}{15pt}\selectfont IHTC18-\thepaperID
			\end{flushright}
		\end{minipage}
	}
}
%% end titlepage
%% Title page format, header and footer
\fancypagestyle{regularpage}{%
    \fancyhf{}%
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        \fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\selectfont\bfseries\sffamily
        IHTC18-\thepaperID
    }%
    
    \fancyfoot[C]{%
        \fontsize{12pt}{13pt}\selectfont
        \thepage
    }%
}
%% end titlepage

% Section headers
\titleformat{\section}
{\fontsize{12pt}{15pt}\selectfont\bfseries\filcenter\uppercase}{\thesection.\;}
{0em}{}

\titleformat{\subsection}[runin]
{\raggedright\fontsize{12pt}{15pt}\selectfont\bfseries}{\thesubsection\;}{0em}{}

\titleformat{\subsubsection}[runin]
{\raggedright\fontsize{12pt}{15pt}\selectfont\itshape}{}{0em}{\uline}

% Italic Greek letters in math mode
\let\Gamma\varGamma
\let\Delta\varDelta
\let\Theta\varTheta
\let\Lambda\varLambda
\let\Xi\varXi
\let\Pi\varPi
\let\Sigma\varSigma
\let\Upsilon\varUpsilon
\let\Phi\varPhi
\let\Psi\varPsi
\let\Omega\varOmega

% Captions
\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{\bfseries Fig.}}
\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{\bfseries Table}}

% Table
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

% Bibliography
\renewcommand{\bibsection}{}
\renewcommand{\bibfont}{\fontsize{9pt}{10.8pt}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\bibsep}{0pt}

\pagestyle{regularpage}

%%
%% This is file `ihtc.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%%% Modified to match IHTC bibliography template
%%% by Romulo Heringer UFSC/Brazil
%%% 27/11/2022
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `seq-no,nm-rev,jnrlst,dt-end,yr-par,xmth,tit-qq,qx,atit-u,volp-com,jwdpg,num-xser,add-pub,pre-pub,doi,blk-com,pp,ed,abr,ednx,xedn,jabr,and-xcom,etal-xc,url,url-nt,em-it,plntx,')
%% ----------------------------------------
%%% *** Intented to IHTC ***
%%
%%
%% 
%% Copyright 1994-2011 Patrick W Daly
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2011/11/18 4.33 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
 % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem{key}...
 % Usage of \cite is as follows:
 %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
 % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
 % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
 %   cited in the text, or that in the database.
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
  { address
    author
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    chapter
    doi
    edition
    editor
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    key
    month
    note
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    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
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  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
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    { output.state after.block =
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          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
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      if$
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  if$
  s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
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    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
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}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
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}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
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        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
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  if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
  skip$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$
   "}" * add.period$
   #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
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  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\it " swap$ * "\/}" * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
 % The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "Eds." } %customized

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "Ed." } %customized

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol." }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "In" } %customized

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chap." }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }


STRINGS  { bibinfo}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
  'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {

                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "," *
      " " *
      get.bbl.editor
      *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$
    { "" }
    {
      "\doi{" doi * "}" *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
  url empty$
    'skip$
    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * output }
  if$
 note empty$
    { "" }
    { note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        'skip$
        { output.state mid.sentence =
          { "l" }
          { "u" }
        if$
        change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
  "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "\enquote{" swap$ *
      "}, " *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}%customized
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {end.quote.title}
{ title empty$
    'skip$
    { before.all 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in
  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{
  ""
  duplicate$ empty$
  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    { swap$ 'skip$
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
      if$
      *
    }
    { swap$ 'skip$
        {
          swap$
          " " * swap$
        }
      if$
      *
    }
  if$
  duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    {
      before.all 'output.state :=
    " (" swap$ * ")" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
      series "series" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
          emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { series empty$
            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
            { output.state mid.sentence =
                { bbl.number }
                { bbl.number capitalize }
              if$
              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
              bbl.in space.word *
              series "series" bibinfo.check *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      output.state mid.sentence =
        { "l" }
        { "t" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
        {
          bbl.pages swap$
          n.dashify
        }
        {
          bbl.page swap$
        }
      if$
      tie.or.space.prefix
      "pages" bibinfo.check
      * *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
        {
          ", " *
          swap$
          n.dashify
          pages multi.page.check
            'bbl.pages
            'bbl.page
          if$
          swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
          "pages" bibinfo.check
          * *
          *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
      {
          ", " *
      }
      if$
      swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "volume" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
      swap$
      "(" swap$ * ")" *
    }
  if$ *
  eid empty$
    { format.journal.pages }
    { format.journal.eid }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { bbl.chapter }
        { type "l" change.case$
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
  emphasize
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          "," *
          " " *
          get.bbl.editor
          ", " *
          * swap$
          * }
      if$
      word.in swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.ed.booktitle} %customized: for proceedings
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          "," *
          " " *
          get.bbl.editor
          ", " *
          * swap$
          * }
      if$
%      word.in swap$ * %customized
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { swap$ pop$
      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  key duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$
      journal duplicate$ empty$
        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
      if$
    }
    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  "editor" bibinfo.check
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$
      "editor" bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.etal
      *
    }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            {
              "editor" bibinfo.check
              " " * bbl.etal
              *
            }
            {
             bbl.and space.word
              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
              "editor" bibinfo.check
              *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      pop$ word.in
    }
    { bbl.volume
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { series empty$
            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
              "" *
            }
            { series emphasize * }
          if$
        }
        { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
            }
            { word.in swap$ * }
          if$
        }
        { word.in key * " " *}
      if$
    }
    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
  ""
  address empty$ t empty$ and
    'skip$
    {
      address "address" bibinfo.check *
      t empty$
        'skip$
        { address empty$
            'skip$
            { ": " * }
          if$
          t *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.check
      emphasize
      "journal" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
%customized  format.btitle "title" output.check
format.title "title" output.check %customized: italic 
end.quote.title %customized: solve double comma issue.
  crossref missing$
    {
format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check %customized
      format.publisher.address output
      format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      format.number.series output
    }
    {
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.publisher.address output
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
      format.edition output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  crossref missing$
    { 
%customized      format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check %customized: erase "In " for proceedings
      publisher empty$
        { format.organization.address output }
        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { output
          address "address" bibinfo.check output
        }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
        {
          address "address" bibinfo.check output
        }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
    {
      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      address "address" bibinfo.check output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title output
  end.quote.title
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
    }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  editor empty$
    { publisher empty$
        'skip$
        {
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
    }
    { publisher empty$
        {
          format.organization.address output }
        {
          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
     }
  if$
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  format.note output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  end.quote.title
  format.doi output
  format.note "note" output.check
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
STRINGS { longest.label }
INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}
FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}
EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\def\enquote#1{``#1''}"
  write$ newline$
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \def\url#1{{\tt #1}}\fi"
  write$ newline$
%customized   "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{Available at }\fi" %customized
  write$ newline$
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \expandafter\ifx\csname doi\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \def\doi#1{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\fi \else"
  write$ newline$
  "  \expandafter\ifx\csname doi\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \def\doi{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi \fi"
  write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `ihtc.bst'.

@article{colburn1964method,
  title={A method of correlating forced convection heat-transfer data and a comparison with fluid friction},
  author={Colburn, A. P.},
  journal={International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  volume={7},
  number={12},
  pages={1359--1384},
  year={1964}
}

@book{nield2005convection,
  title={Convection in Porous Media},
  author={Nield, D. A. and Bejan, A.},
  publisher={Springer-Verlag},
  address={New York},
  pages={125--176},
  year={2005}
}

@book{buyevich2005heat,
  title={Heat Transfer in Dispersions},
  author={Buyevich, A. and Alexandrov, D. V.},
  publisher={Begell House},
  address={Connecticut},
  year={2005},
  note={Available at \url{http://www.edata-center.com/ebooks/b7f98f1e271b3e77a.html} [accessed May 5, 2005]}
}

@book{yang1992rotating,
  title={Rotating Machinery},
  editor={Yang, W. and Kim, J. H.},
  publisher={Begell House},
  address={New York},
  year={1992}
}

@incollection{nishikawa1982augmentation,
  author={Nishikawa, K. and Ito, T.},
  title={Augmentation of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer by Prepared Surfaces},
  booktitle={Heat Transfer in Energy Problems},
  editor={Mizushina, T. and Yang, W. J.},
  publisher={Hemisphere Publishing},
  address={Washington, D.C.},
  pages={111--1182},
  year={1982}
}

@inproceedings{ma1987effects,
  author={Ma, T. M.},
  title={Effects of Geometrical Shapes of Reentrant Grooves on Boiling Heat Transfer from Porous Surfaces},
  booktitle={Heat Transfer 1986, Proceedings of 8th International Heat Transfer Conference},
  volume={4},
  pages={2013--2018},
  year={1987}
}

@inproceedings{kasagi2010control,
  author={Kasagi, N. and Hasegawa, Y. and Fukada, K. and Iwamoto, K.},
  title={Control of Turbulent Transport: Less Friction and More Heat Transfer},
  booktitle={Proceedings of 13th International Heat Transfer Conference},
  pages={1--16},
  year={2010},
  note={Paper number IHTC14-23344}
}

@phdthesis{richmond2004steady,
  author={Richmond, J.},
  title={Steady State Thermal Conductivity},
  school={University of Connecticut},
  year={2004},
  type={Ph.D. Thesis}
}

@misc{webdoc1,
  author={Author, A. A. and Author, B. B.},
  title={Title of document},
  howpublished={\url{http://Web address}},
  note={Retrieved Month Day, Year},
  year={Year}
}

@incollection{webdoc2,
  author={Author, A. A. and Author, B. B.},
  title={Title of article},
  booktitle={Title of book or larger document},
  note={Chapter or section number. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from \url{http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/}},
  year={Year}
}

@article{webdoc3,
  author={Author, A. A. and Author, B. B.},
  title={Title of article},
  journal={Title of Journal},
  volume={Volume number},
  note={Retrieved Month Day, Year, from \url{http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/}},
  year={Year}
}