Logistics Journal (lj, WGTL)

%%
%% This is file `lj.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `head,ay,nat,ed-au,nm-rev,ed-rev,jnrlst,aunm-semi,mcite,mct-1,mct-x3,keyxyr,dt-beg,yr-per,yrp-per,note-yr,atit-u,volp-sp,num-xser,bkpg-x,add-pub,isbn,ppx,ed,xedn,and-com,and-com-ed,etal-xc,nfss,,{}')
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `tail,ay,nat,ed-au,nm-rev,ed-rev,jnrlst,aunm-semi,mcite,mct-1,mct-x3,keyxyr,dt-beg,yr-per,yrp-per,note-yr,atit-u,volp-sp,num-xser,bkpg-x,add-pub,isbn,ppx,ed,xedn,and-com,and-com-ed,etal-xc,nfss,,{}')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** Natbib-compatible implementation of 'lj' bib style ***
%% 
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2011/11/18 4.33 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
 % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
 % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
 % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
 % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
 % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
 % parenthesis!
 % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
 % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
 % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
 % be parentheses in the label.
 % The \cite command functions as follows:
 %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
 %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
 %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
 %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
 %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., 1990, p. 32)
 %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
 %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
 %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
  { address
    archivePrefix
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    eid
    eprint
    howpublished
    institution
    isbn
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
            'write$
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
  new.block
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
 % The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edition" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "volume" }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "number" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chapter" }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Technical Report" }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.eprint}
{ eprint duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { archivePrefix duplicate$ empty$
        'skip$
        { ":" * swap$ }
      if$
      * "." *
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }


STRINGS  { bibinfo}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { "; " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              ";" *
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
  format.names
}
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "," *
      " " *
      get.bbl.editor
      *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block
      "ISBN " swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.note}
{
 note empty$
    { "" }
    { note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        'skip$
        { output.state mid.sentence =
          { "l" }
          { "u" }
        if$
        change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
  "title" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
 "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  numnames #2 >
                    { "," * }
                    'skip$
                  if$
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.full.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.full
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.full
        'author.key.full
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem[{" write$
  label write$
  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
     { pop$ }
     { * }
   if$
  "}]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in capitalize
  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    {
      "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
       pop$ "????"
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label *
  before.all 'output.state :=
  after.sentence 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
      series "series" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
          emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { series empty$
            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
            { output.state mid.sentence =
                { bbl.number }
                { bbl.number capitalize }
              if$
              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
              bbl.in space.word *
              series "series" bibinfo.check *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      output.state mid.sentence =
        { "l" }
        { "t" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
        {
          n.dashify
        }
        {
        }
      if$
      "pages" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
        {
          ": " *
          swap$
          n.dashify
          "pages" bibinfo.check
          *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
      {
          ": " *
      }
      if$
      swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "volume" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
      swap$
      "(" swap$ * ")" *
    }
  if$ *
  eid empty$
    { format.journal.pages }
    { format.journal.eid }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { bbl.chapter }
        { type "l" change.case$
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
  emphasize
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          "," *
          " " *
          get.bbl.editor
          ", " *
          * swap$
          * }
      if$
      word.in swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { swap$ pop$
      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      pop$ word.in
    }
    { bbl.volume
      capitalize
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
    }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
  ""
  address empty$ t empty$ and
    'skip$
    {
      address "address" bibinfo.check *
      t empty$
        'skip$
        { address empty$
            'skip$
            { ": " * }
          if$
          t *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.check
      emphasize
      "journal" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.isbn output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.isbn output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  crossref missing$
    { format.isbn output }
    'skip$
  if$
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher.address output
      format.edition output
      format.isbn output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
      new.sentence
      publisher empty$
        { format.organization.address output }
        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
      format.isbn output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.edition output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  new.block
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  new.sentence
  publisher empty$
    { format.organization.address output }
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
  if$
  format.isbn output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  new.block
  format.note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{'s :=
 "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          nameptr #2 =
          numnames #3 > and
            { "others" 't :=
              #1 'namesleft := }
            'skip$
          if$
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  numnames #2 >
                    { "," * }
                    'skip$
                  if$
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.label
        'author.key.label
      if$
    }
  if$
  'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
  short.list
  "("
  *
  year duplicate$ empty$
  short.list key field.or.null = or
     { pop$ "" }
     'skip$
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
      format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          "   "  *
          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
            { "zzzzz" 't := }
            'skip$
          if$
          t sortify *
        }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.sort
        'author.sort
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.label :=
  sort.label
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num last.extra.num.extended last.extra.num.blank number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  "a" chr.to.int$ #1 - 'last.extra.num.blank :=
  last.extra.num.blank 'last.extra.num.extended :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num "z" chr.to.int$ >
       { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
         last.extra.num.extended #1 + 'last.extra.num.extended :=
       }
       'skip$
      if$
      last.extra.num.extended last.extra.num.blank >
        { last.extra.num.extended int.to.chr$
          last.extra.num int.to.chr$
          * 'extra.label := }
        { last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label := }
      if$
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
  extra.label
  duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
  if$
  'extra.label :=
  label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
  write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `lj.bst'.

\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{bibtex}
  {
    % When natbib is in use, set the proper style and fix a few things
    \let\cite\citep
    \let\shortcite\citeyearpar
    \setcitestyle{aysep={}}
    \setlength\bibhang{0pt}
    \bibliographystyle{ieee}
  }{}
}

\let\endthebibliography=\endlist

\typeout{Conference Style for Logistic Journal for LaTeX 2e}
% WARNING: IF YOU ARE USING THIS STYLE SHEET FOR AN AAAI PUBLICATION, YOU
% MAY NOT MODIFY IT FOR ANY REASON. MODIFICATIONS (IN YOUR SOURCE
% OR IN THIS STYLE SHEET WILL RESULT IN REJECTION OF YOUR PAPER).
%
% WARNING: This style is NOT guaranteed to work. It is provided in the
% hope that it might make the preparation of papers easier, but this style
% file is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or
% implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
% merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or noninfringement.
% You use this style file at your own risk. Standard disclaimers apply.
% There are undoubtably bugs in this style. If you would like to submit
% bug fixes, improvements, etc. please let us know. Please use the contact form
% at www.aaai.org.
%
% Do not use this file unless you are an experienced LaTeX user.
%
%
% PHYSICAL PAGE LAYOUT
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.7cm}
\setlength{\headheight}{20pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{1.7cm}
\setlength{\footskip}{1.7cm}
\setlength\oddsidemargin{-0.25in}
\setlength\textheight{8.65in} 
\setlength\textwidth{6.85in}
\setlength\columnsep{0.27in} 
\newlength\titlebox \setlength\titlebox{2.25in}
\thispagestyle{empty} \pagestyle{empty}
\flushbottom \twocolumn \sloppy
% We're never going to need a table of contents, so just flush it to
% save space --- suggested by drstrip@sandia-2
\def\addcontentsline#1#2#3{}
% gf: PRINT COPYRIGHT NOTICE
\def\copyright@year{\number\year}

\long\gdef\affiliations #1{ \def \affiliations_{#1}}

\def\@maketitle{%
  \newcounter{eqfn}\setcounter{eqfn}{0}%
  \newsavebox{\titlearea}
  \sbox{\titlearea}{
    \let\footnote\relax\let\thanks\relax%
    \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
    \def\equalcontrib{%
      \ifnum\value{eqfn}=0%
        \footnote{These authors contributed equally.}%
        \setcounter{eqfn}{\value{footnote}}%
      \else%
        \footnotemark[\value{eqfn}]%
      \fi%
    }%
    \vbox{%
      \hsize\textwidth%
      \linewidth\hsize%
      \vskip 0.625in minus 0.125in%
      \centering%
      {\LARGE\bf \@title \par}%
      \vskip 0.1in plus 0.5fil minus 0.05in%
      {\Large{\textbf{\@author\ifhmode\\\fi}}}%
      \vskip .2em plus 0.25fil%
      {\normalsize \affiliations_\ifhmode\\\fi}%
      \vskip .5em plus 2fil%
    }%
  }%
%
  \newlength\actualheight%
  \settoheight{\actualheight}{\usebox{\titlearea}}%
  \ifdim\actualheight>\titlebox%
    \setlength{\titlebox}{\actualheight}%
  \fi%
%
  \vbox to \titlebox {%
    \let\footnote\thanks\relax%
    \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
    \def\equalcontrib{%
      \ifnum\value{eqfn}=0%
        \footnote{These authors contributed equally.}%
        \setcounter{eqfn}{\value{footnote}}%
      \else%
        \footnotemark[\value{eqfn}]%
      \fi%
    }%
    \hsize\textwidth%
    \linewidth\hsize%
    \vskip 0.625in minus 0.125in%
    \centering%
    {\LARGE\bf \@title \par}%
    \vskip 0.1in plus 0.5fil minus 0.05in%
    {\Large{\textbf{\@author\ifhmode\\\fi}}}%
    \vskip .2em plus 0.25fil%
    {\normalsize \affiliations_\ifhmode\\\fi}%
    \vskip .5em plus 2fil%
  }%
}%
%
\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
  \centerline{\bf Abstract}%
  \vspace{0.5ex}%
  \setlength{\leftmargini}{10pt}%
  \begin{quote}%
    \small%
}{%
  \par%
  \end{quote}%
  \vskip 1ex%
}%

% jsp added:
\def\pubnote#1{
  \thispagestyle{myheadings}%
  \pagestyle{myheadings}%
  \markboth{#1}{#1}%
  \setlength\headheight{10pt}%
  \setlength\headsep{10pt}%
}%
%
% SECTIONS with less space
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-2.0ex plus
-0.5ex minus -.2ex}{1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.2pt}{\bf\MakeUppercase}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.0ex plus
-0.5ex minus -.2ex}{3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{\normalsize\bf\MakeUppercase}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.0ex plus
-0.5ex minus -.2ex}{3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{\normalsize\bf\MakeUppercase}}

\def\myFBRSC#1{{\MakeUppercase{#1}}\relscale{0.84}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\FirstBigRestSmallCaps}[1]{\myFBRSC #1}


%%% END changed
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{-6pt plus -2pt minus -1pt}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}}%
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}

% FOOTNOTES
\footnotesep 6.65pt %
\skip\footins 9pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt \hrule width 5pc \kern 2.6pt }
\setcounter{footnote}{0}

% LISTS AND PARAGRAPHS
\parindent 0.5cm
\topsep 4pt plus 1pt minus 2pt
\partopsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt
\itemsep 0.5pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt
\parsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt
\leftmargin 10pt \leftmargini 13pt \leftmarginii 10pt \leftmarginiii 5pt \leftmarginiv 5pt \leftmarginv 5pt \leftmarginvi 5pt
\setlength{\parskip}{10pt}
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \labelsep 5pt
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini}
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt
\parsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt
\itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
\labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt
\parsep \z@
\partopsep 0.5pt plus 0pt minus 0.5pt
\itemsep \topsep}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
\labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
\labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
\labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\abovedisplayskip 7pt plus2pt minus5pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus3pt%
\belowdisplayshortskip 4pt plus3pt minus3pt%
% Less leading in most fonts (due to the narrow columns)
% The choices were between 1-pt and 1.5-pt leading
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{11}}   % 10 point on 11
\def\small{\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10}}    % 9 point on 10
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize\notesize\@ixpt{10}}  % 9 point on 10
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt{10}}  % 7 point on 8
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vipt{7}}    % 6 point on 7
\def\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xipt{12}}    % 11 point on 12
\def\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xiipt{14}}    % 12 point on 14
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xivpt{16}}    % 14 point on 16
\def\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xviipt{20}}    % 17 point on 20
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxpt{23}}    % 20 point on 23


\clubpenalty = 10000
\widowpenalty = 10000
\displaywidowpenalty = 10000

@inproceedings{Kohonen86,
  title={Learning vector quantization for pat-tern recognition},
  author={Kohonen, Teuvo},
  booktitle={Technical Report TKK-F-A601},
  year={1986},
  organization={Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Technical Physics, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, Finnland},
  ISBN={951-753-950-9}
}


@inproceedings{Prezenszky95,
  title={Logisztika},
  author={Prezenszky, József},
  year={1995},
  booktitle={Bevezető fejezetek},
  organization={Budapest},
  publisher={BME Mérnöktovábbképző Intézet}
}

@inproceedings{Richter11,
  title={Galileo-Testfeld Sachsen-Anhalt: Funk- und bildbasierte Ortung im Ha-fenbereich. In: Der Kran und sein Um-feld in Industrie und Logistik},
  author={Richter, Klaus and Poenicke, Olaf and Nyko-laychuk, Mykhaylo},
  booktitle={[19. Internationale Kranfachtagung, 31. März 2011, Magdeburg], Magdeburg},
  year={2011},
  organization={Magdeburg : LOGiSCH},
    pages={1-8},
  ISBN={978-3-930385-74-4}
}


@inproceedings{Semrau10,
  title={Drehsorter neu aufgelegt – bis zu 6.000 Pakete/h eingeschleust und sortiert},
  author={Semrau, Kai F. and Sadowsky, Volker},
  booktitle={Tagungsband auf CD zur 1. Central Eu-ropean Conference on Logistics},
  year={2010},
  organization={Miskolc, Ungarn},
  ISBN={978-963-661-946-6}
}

\def\year{2024}\relax
\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS

\usepackage{lj}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage{times}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage{helvet}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage{courier}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage[hyphens]{url}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage{graphicx} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\usepackage{multirow, bigdelim}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{lettrine}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{textcase,relsize}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{caption} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS AND DO NOT ADD ANY OPTIONS TO IT
% These are are recommended to typeset listings but not required. See the subsubsection on listing. Remove this block if you don't have listings in your paper.
\usepackage{newfloat}
\usepackage{listings}

\newcommand\note[1]{\textcolor{red}{#1}}
\urlstyle{rm} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\def\UrlFont{\rm}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\bibstyle{ieee}
\DeclareCaptionStyle{ruled}{labelfont=normalfont,labelsep=colon,strut=off} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\frenchspacing  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\setlength{\pdfpagewidth}{8.5in}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS
\setlength{\pdfpageheight}{11in}  % DO NOT CHANGE THIS

% Section configuration
\titleformat{\section}{\normalfont\bf}{\thesection}{0.75em}{\FirstBigRestSmallCaps}
\titleformat{\subsection}{\normalfont\bf}{\thesubsection}{0.75em}{\FirstBigRestSmallCaps}
\titleformat{\subsubsection}{\normalfont\bf}{\thesubsubsection}{0.75em}{\FirstBigRestSmallCaps}

\titlespacing*{\section}{0pt}{16pt}{-1.5pt}
\titlespacing*{\subsection}{0pt}{1pt}{-1.5pt}
\titlespacing*{\subsubsection}{0pt}{1pt}{-1.5pt}

% List configurations
\setlist[itemize]{topsep=-2pt, partopsep=0pt, itemsep=8pt, parsep=0pt, leftmargin=3em} 
\setlist[enumerate]{topsep=-2pt, partopsep=0pt, itemsep=8pt, parsep=0pt, leftmargin=3em} 


\lstset{%
	basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},% footnotesize acceptable for monospace
	numbers=left,numberstyle=\footnotesize,xleftmargin=2em,% show line numbers, remove this entire line if you don't want the numbers.
	aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt,%
	showstringspaces=false,tabsize=2,breaklines=true}
\floatstyle{ruled}
\newfloat{listing}{tb}{lst}{}
\floatname{listing}{Listing}

% Captions for figures and tables

\captionsetup[figure]{
  font = it,
  justification=raggedright,
  singlelinecheck=false
}

\captionsetup[table]{
  font = it,
  justification=raggedright,
  singlelinecheck=false
}

% DISALLOWED PACKAGES
% \usepackage{authblk} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{balance} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{color (if used in text)
% \usepackage{CJK} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{float} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{flushend} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{fontenc} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{fullpage} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{geometry} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{grffile} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{navigator} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% (or any other package that embeds links such as navigator or hyperref)
% \indentfirst} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \layout} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \multicol} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \nameref} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{savetrees} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{setspace} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{stfloats} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{tabu} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{titlesec} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{tocbibind} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{ulem} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% \usepackage{wrapfig} -- This package is specifically forbidden
% DISALLOWED COMMANDS
% \nocopyright -- Your paper will not be published if you use this command
% \addtolength -- This command may not be used
% \balance -- This command may not be used
% \baselinestretch -- Your paper will not be published if you use this command
% \clearpage -- No page breaks of any kind may be used for the final version of your paper
% \columnsep -- This command may not be used
% \newpage -- No page breaks of any kind may be used for the final version of your paper
% \pagebreak -- No page breaks of any kind may be used for the final version of your paperr
% \pagestyle -- This command may not be used
% \tiny -- This is not an acceptable font size.
% \vspace{- -- No negative value may be used in proximity of a caption, figure, table, section, subsection, subsubsection, or reference
% \vskip{- -- No negative value may be used to alter spacing above or below a caption, figure, table, section, subsection, subsubsection, or reference


% Header & Footer

\fancypagestyle{firststyle}
{
   \fancyhf{}
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% Title

% Your title must be in mixed case, not sentence case.
% That means all verbs (including short verbs like be, is, using,and go),
% nouns, adverbs, adjectives should be capitalized, including both words in hyphenated terms, while
% articles, conjunctions, and prepositions are lower case unless they
% directly follow a colon or long dash
\title{Your paper}

% Authors
\author {\fontsize{9pt}{10.5pt} \sffamily \textit{
    First and last name of the first author\textsuperscript{\rm \sffamily1},\\
    First and last name of the second author\textsuperscript{\rm \sffamily2}, etc. –\\
    Format ''LJ\_AuthorName'', Arial 9pt italic, centered, single line-height,\\
    Paragraph-distance top 12pt, bottom 8pt\\
    }
    \vspace{1em}
}


% Affiliations
\affiliations {\fontsize{9pt}{10.5pt}\sffamily \textit{
    Description of chair or section\\
    Department, Institute or company\\
    University\\
    Format ''LJ\_AuthorInstitute''\\
    Arial 9pt italic, centered, single Line-height,\\
    Paragraph-distance top 6pt, bottom 4pt\\
}
    \vspace{5em}
}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
\thispagestyle{firststyle}


%%%%%%%%% Abstract ENGLISH
\bgroup{
\bfseries{


\lettrine{A}{}bstract of the present document. 
This is a concisely formulated summary of the scientific work (abstract). 
The format template ''LJ\_Abstr.EN (step1)'' is used for the document language English. 
The quick format ''LJ\_Abstract\_DE'' is especially intended for the translation in the following paragraph with the same content and has the appropriate spelling and hyphenation help in German.




}}

\vspace{1em}

\noindent \textit{[Keywords: about five keywords, keywording, categorizing, technical terms, square brackets]}

\vspace{2em}

\input{sections/01_intro}

\newpage
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{main.bib}


\noindent\rule[0.5ex]{\linewidth}{0.5pt}

\vspace{10pt}

\noindent \textbf{Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Tom Template, M.Sc.}, Research Assistant at the Chair of Logistics, University Logistics. 
Tom Template was born 1988 in Topstadt, Germany. Between 2005 and 2010 he studied Logistics at the Uni-versity Logistics.\\
\vspace{0.25em}

\noindent Address: Lehrstuhl der Logistik, Universität Logistik, Universitätsstraße 1, 11111 Topstadt, Germany, 
Phone: +49 123 45-88888, Fax: +49 123 67-88880,\\
\noindent E-Mail: [email protected]





\end{document}

\section{HEADLINE LEVEL 1: LJ 1 HEADLINE }

(First order chapter heading - LJ\_1Chapter. % - als -- 
Times New Roman 10 pt. bold small caps, left justified, indent and special indent hanging 0.65 cm each, paragraph spacing before/after 20 pt./10 pt., single line spacing).


\subsection{HEADLINE LEVEL 2: LJ 2 HEADLINE}

The Headline LJ 2 Headline corresponds to the LJ 1 Headline with the exceptions of the indent and the second hierarchy level; indent 0.65 cm and special indent 1.15 cm hanging. 
The paragraph spacing Before is also only 10pt.


\subsubsection{HEADLINE LEVEL 3: LJ 3 HEADLINE}

Die Headline LJ 3 Headline corresponds to the LJ 2 Headline with the exception of the third hierarchy level.


\section{BODY}

The Body in this template will always have an indent at the beginning of the paragraph. 
Exceptions are possible.


Quick template text body LJ\_Body: Times New Roman 10 pt. justified; special indent first line 0.65 mm; single line spacing, spacing after paragraph 10 pt.

In this way, the text is deliberately emphasized in its structure - especially also in interaction with a spacing after a paragraph integrated in the template. The scientific character of the text is emphasized and perceptible. A well-structured text, which is visible as such in its structure to the outside world, is easy and quick for the reader to grasp in terms of content.


\subsection{PARAGRAPH WITHOUT INDENT}

A paragraph without indentation can be created after a paragraph end (Return key) with a soft wrap (Shift and Enter or Return) or by using the quick template 
LJ\_Text\_oE. This is necessary if a section is to be deliberately interrupted, e.g. by a graphic or structured listing, and then continued.


\subsection{LISTS}

Lists are preformatted with dots as enumeration characters in the quick format LJ\_Bullets. 
Adaptations are useful depending on the text content and can be easily set using the paragraph formatting in Word.


\section{IMAGES AND TABLES}

For images there is a quick format template for positioning and for captions. Tables can be provided with a caption and a footer (see below).


\section{PAGE LAYOUT}

\subsection{INNER AND OUTER FORM}

For publication in the Logistics Journal, submitted articles must have as uniform an appearance as possible. To make work easier, file templates in various formats are provided to authors. Headers and footers with the copyright, DOI, URN, etc. will be added or adapted by the editors.


\subsection{PAGE FORMAT}

The Word template is laid out in DIN A4 with mar-gins of 3 cm at the top and bottom and 2 cm on the right and left.


\subsection{PRINT AREA}

A two-column layout is provided for the Word document, which may be interrupted by wide illustrations (see Fig. 2) or for better presentation of certain contents. - Please note that frequent changes between one and two columns will make the document unstable and less legible.  
\begin{itemize}
    \item Width per column (two-column): 8,17 cm
    \item Column spacing: 0,65 cm
    \item Maximum column width: 16,99 cm
\end{itemize}


\subsection{IMAGES}

\subsubsection{FILE FORMAT FOR IMAGES IN MS WORD}

Pixel graphics in PNG format are currently easiest to handle in Word. The image width over one column is max. 8.17 cm, over two columns max. 16.99 cm. The resolution should be at least 150 dpi and not exceed 600 dpi.

Vector graphics such as *.eps or *.ai are not suitable for Word, others such as *.wmf and *.emf do not always work equally well here.


\subsubsection{COMPOSITION HINTS FOR IMAGES}

If graphics are used that do not appear visually compact and uniform, it is advisable to frame them with a thin border (e.g. ¼ pt., black). Once a graphic is framed, it is recommended to apply this style to all graphics in the document. 

Colors (own color system), grayscale, line weights and style (linear drawings, surface rendering, photos) and the illustrations themselves must be used sensibly, uniformly and consistently. Text within graphics must be clearly legible if the content is relevant (font size and contrast). Otherwise, text should appear as gray area or be omitted.

Effects such as shadows should be avoided as far as possible, or at least their use should be discreet and consistent.


\section{USE OF LJ WORD-TEMPLATE}

\subsection{TEMPLATE SELECTION GERMAN / ENGLISH}

The Logistics Journal word template is available in German and English in order to provide the appropriate spelling correction and hyphenation for the individual formats within the overall document. For example, key-words are based on the same format, but the spelling and hyphenation are adapted to the respective language. A practiced use of the program Word is assumed.


\subsection{APPROACH SUGGESTION}

The following approach has already been tested and is a suitable way to bring the planned publication text in-to the intended format. It is only a suggestion, which may not always be the best. It is intended to simplify your work. If you know of other ways of doing this, please feel free to use them.


\subsubsection{PREPARATION}

A simple way to format the document is to first bring the text in sections and with headings (especially with a hard break – via the return key) unformatted in a *.txt file and have it available. The document must structurally correspond to the template. The images should be in a Word-compatible format, like *.png. Then proceed as described below.


\subsubsection{INSERT CONTENTS}

First, the author information is entered into the document. One paragraph is provided for each author. If there are many authors, it may be necessary to consider whether the same information about the institution can be combined and presented in a suitable form.
\begin{itemize}
    \item To replace text passages by copying them in, we recommend the method of placing the cursor between two still existing text elements and pasting the text copied into the clipboard there. Then delete the old text passages.
\end{itemize}

Insert text passages into the short description/abstract: Here, paste the designated text after the capital initial, then type the first letter on the left in the for-mat area of the existing initial as a capital letter and remove the old one.

Keywords – Insert the keywords in the square brackets behind the colon.
The first step is now completed by inserting the ac-tual content with the main text including headings and captions in the - format as described in 4.2.1 - in the two-column layout.


\subsubsection{FORMATTING – USE OF QUICK FORMATS}

Now we come to the second big step, formatting the main text with headings and captions. Where an illustration is to be placed later, a hard-line break is to be insert-ed via Return. 
Headings and sections are formatted one after the other: A mouse click at the end of the heading or section and a mouse click on the desired quick format is sufficient. Fine-tuning comes later.
\begin{itemize}
    \item This way (formatting of paragraphs at cursor position at the end of the paragraph), it is also possible to retain formatting that has previously been entered manually (especially italics in the body of the text, e.g. for formula lines or technical terms that are to be emphasized).
\end{itemize}
Before inserting the figures in the last step, the document should be saved and a backup copy made! 


\subsubsection{FORMATTINGIMAGES AND FINE TUNING}

Inserting images may require patience depending on size, content and file format. Section changes, resizing and image position as well as text wrapping require patience and practice in Word. Especially here, it makes sense to make a backup copy after each major step.

Enumerations and lists can be formatted with the quick format template ''LJ\_Bullet\_List''. Adjustments such as alphanumeric bullets are useful depending on the text content and can be easily set within this format using the paragraph formatting in Word. For example, the sections on tips were formatted in this way.

The illustrations (see Chapter 3.4) are inserted in the places provided for them (see also first section Chapter 4.2.3). As long as the illustrations are single-column, they are not difficult to handle. 

For wide figures that span two columns, several aspects must be considered:
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
    \item Visual impact/interference with the layout
    \item Changing the course of the text or the direction in which it is read
    \item Use of targeted text breaks
\end{enumerate}

If many illustrations that extend beyond one column are to be used for a) the document can appear very restless and disjointed in an unfavorable case. To avoid this, place several illustrations directly behind each other or longer text passages in between. If these graphics are placed in the right places, the layout is loosened up in a positive sense.

Wide illustrations over two columns also have the effect of changing the course of the text or the reading flow (b), in that the columns are no longer read through to the bottom in one piece, but only to the illustration, regardless of whether the illustration on the left or right column causes the temporary reading stop. Below the image, reading continues in the left column. Here, only a careful look should decide whether the intended placement of the illustration is correct for the readability and the overall impression, or whether an optimization is necessary.

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics{figures/Bild1.png}
    \caption{Text flow}
    \label{fig:fig1}
\end{figure}


The page layout functions ''Columns $\rightarrow$ single-column'' for illustrations and their captions and ''Wrap'' with the options ''Column'' and ''Continuous'' are particularly suitable for the use of targeted text breaks. The illustrations running over the entire width (wider than a column) are converted together with the captions into a single-column layout, whereby Word automatically inserts text breaks. Removing breaks, however, causes the formatting above the breaks to be dissolved. Therefore, text and figure shifts (see below) as well as step-by-step backup files with self-speaking naming are extremely helpful.

Tables. - As long as text documents contain only a few tables, they can be treated as figures by using a caption, such as: ''Figure xy: Table comparison of data''. Only for documents with a usually larger page count and/or many tables it is advisable to use table headings and to indicate source information to the tables directly under it, in order to be able to guarantee the comprehensibility better. Quick format templates: LJ\_Table\_EN and LJ\_TabReference\_EN. 

Moving text and figures as well as moving sections with the mouse - without 'copy and paste' - is often unavoidable after inserting figures for a good reading flow. In this case, it is a great relief if the marked text area to be moved can be moved to a position formatted with the same quick format. The formatting of the first character of the selection is decisive. If necessary, a section is to be set for this by means of Return, which is preformatted accordingly via a quick template. 

When this is done and text sections and chapters are where they belong, a backup copy must be made again.
During the final fine-tuning, the last ''widows'' and ''orphans'' must be eliminated and sensible text breaks in the text, the title, the headings, the captions, etc. must be carried out. Attention: The separators used in manual breaks are treated like letters in later text shifts within and are not reset in the active automatic separation for the break; they thus remain in the body text and present themselves as spelling errors. The search function for separators provides a remedy, but since many an MS Word reformats a common separator to a dash on its own, the document must be checked for the correct use of both separators ''-'' and ''–''.


\section{EXAMPLES}

Make a break start like a new line at the left margin: If the body of the text is interrupted by an image as in the following, the text continued after the image can be for-matted up to its section end with the quick template ''LJ\_Text\_oE'' if the content requires it, in order to avoid indentation after a forced column break as shown at this point. Here the wrap in the middle of the sentence to fill the line to the left margin.


% \begin{figure}[ht]
%     \centering
%     \includegraphics{figures/Bild2.png}
%     \caption{LJ\_Figure\_EN: Times New Roman 10 pt. left-aligned without typographic indentation}
%     \label{fig:enter-label}
% \end{figure}

\newpage

\begin{wrapfigure}{l}{0.235\textwidth}
  \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{figures/Bild3.png}
  \caption{Bilder von Ladeeinheiten mit und ohne Etikett}
  \label{fig:fig2}
\end{wrapfigure}

The arrangement of images in the text can be realized in a variety of ways. Nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis eleifend congue cum soluta wesdr in a releifend. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consec-tetuer adipiscing elit, sed di-am nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim ve-niam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lo-bortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis eleifend congue cum soluta wesdr in a releifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consec-tetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat.

\begin{table}[ht]
    \caption{Picking Systems}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
        System  &   M   &   $N_A$   &   $W_C$   &   L   &   $L_C$   &   $W_A$   &   B   \\
                &       &           &   [m]     &   [m] &   [m]     &   [m]     &   [m] \\[10pt] 
        \hline
        1       &   300 &   5       &   1,2     &   36  &   1       &   3,5     &   14  \rule{0pt}{2.6ex} \\ [10pt] 
        \hline
        2       &   960 &   8       &   0,6     &   36  &   1       &   3,5     &   24,5  \rule{0pt}{2.6ex} \\ [10pt] 
        \hline
        3       &   3600 &   10       &   0,2     &   36  &   1       &   3,5     &   31,5  \rule{0pt}{2.6ex} \\ [5pt]
    \end{tabular}
    \label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}


\section{ADDITIONS / FAQS}

Where can I find the quick style sheets? In the Word menu under ''Start $\rightarrow$ Style sheets'' (fig. 4).

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics{figures/Bild4.png}
    \caption{Quick styles in the 'Start' menu}
    \label{fig:fig3}
\end{figure}

Is there a way to reformat existing preformatted text so that special formatting such as italics within the text do not have to be picked out and reformatted individually? Yes, by copying the text from the original and pasting it into the first section below the keywords, for example, and formatting it as in the tip in 5.2.3 - but: depending on the source format, messiness in the source text may take on strange forms and make it much more difficult to use. 

How can the good quality of vector graphics be transferred to Word so that fine lines as well as lettering are optimally displayed? Graphics with fine lines and lettering that are available as vector graphics (Corel, Inks-cape, Visio, Illustrator) can be inserted with maximum quality by copying them from the respective application after making the appropriate selection and inserting them via Start/Paste/Insert Content/Picture(extendedmetafile). The possible error of distorting graphics cropped in Word during output is also eliminated in this way (see below).

When does a frame around an image a) really make sense and b) how can it be easily realized? 
(a) Illustrations that merge into white at the edge, i.e. end openly, do not appear closed in themselves and usually do not separate themselves sufficiently from the text. This often has an unclean effect and can restrict the flow of text and readability, especially in the case of graphics spanning two columns. In this case, it is advisable to frame not only individual graphics, but all of them (with the possible exception of photos).	

(b) Word offers ''Graphic Frame'' or ''Shape Outline'' for this purpose, depending on the graphic. By assigning col-or and line width (recommendation: black, ½ to 3/4 pt.), implementation is very easy. - The frame can be expanded and reduced using the ''Crop'' image function. If you want an inner distance to the frame, you can also achieve it via this. Further means are the scaling of the graphic and the application of the paragraph formats for horizontal arrangement. 

\section{CITING STYLE}

The IEEE citation style is to be used (\href{http://www.ieee-dataport.org}{see IEEE Citation Guidelines2.doc (ieee-dataport.org)}
). References are to be placed in square brackets in the bibliography in the order of appearance \cite{Kohonen86}. In the bibliography of this template some examples are given \cite{Prezenszky95}. These are to be re-placed accordingly \cite{Richter11}. The use of citation software, such as Citavi, Mendeley, End-note, Zotero, etc. is also possible. In these applications, the citation style must be set to the IEEE Citation Style (named differently depending on the software, for example IEEE Editorial (German)) \cite{Semrau10}.