University of Louisville dissertation and thesis (ULThesis)
ULThesis 6.2 (May 2025): a memoir-based class for UofL dissertations following the School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies' format, with a sample astronomy dissertation: title and approval pages, acknowledgments, abstract, contents, lists, four chapters with figures, BibTeX references in OSA style, acronyms, a code listing and a vita.
Create an account to use this
- Category
- Thesis
- Document class
ulthesis(ulthesis.cls) — ships with TeX Live- Workflow
- Thesis / dissertation — submissions and revision rounds
- Author
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis)
- Source
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis)
- Licence
- No licence is stated in the files. University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis) distributes them for authors preparing a submission.
These are the publisher’s own files. This project starts from University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis)’s package for this publication — their manuscript, their ulthesis.cls, their bibliography style — so what compiles here is what they would have given you.
University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis) serves this exact file to University of Louisville. Check University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy (John Kielkopf, ULThesis)’s author pages for the current instructions.
Where this differs from the publisher’s download.
- Note: Maintained in the Department of Physics and Astronomy for UofL students, not issued by the School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies; check it against the current SIGS formatting guidelines.
What you get
acronyms.tex· 1 KBanalysis.tex· 2 KBcode.tex· 928 Bconclusions.tex· 957 Bdissertation.bib· 12 KBdissertation.tex— the file that is compiled · 9 KBintro.tex· 11 KBjournals.tex· 518 Bobservations.tex· 5 KBosajnl.bst· 26 KBradio_av.png· 3061 KBros_rgb.jpg· 697 KBrosette_data_bands.png· 89 KBspeculation.tex· 2 KBulthesis.cls· 16 KBvita.tex· 676 B
These become your files. Editing them afterwards changes your project and nothing else — a project owns its files from the moment it is made.
Source
acronyms.tex · 1 KB
In scientific writing the use of acronyms (sometimes senseless letters,
sometimes cute names) is common. It can be \textit{very}\/ annoying to a reader
who is not a specialist in your discipline. Be cautious about how you use
acronymns and always define them on first use. It is helpful to the reader to
keep a list as you write, and to have an appendix such as this one in which you
explain them. This is a simple listing, but a \verb|description| environment
would be nicer.
\bigskip
\noindent
AAT - Anglo-Australian Telescope \\
GALEX - Galaxy Evolution Explorer \\
HFI - Planck's High Frequency Instrument \\
HPBW - Half Power Beam Width \\
IRAS - Infrared Astronomical Satellite \\
IRSA - Infrared Science Archive \\
LFI - Planck's Low Frequency Instrument \\
LTE - local thermodynamic equilibrium \\
JAXA - Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency \\
JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory \\
LAMBDA - Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis \\
MAST - Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes \\
MSX - Midcourse Space Experiment \\
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration \\
PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons \\
PDR - photodissociation region \\
PSF - point spread function \\
SED - spectral energy distribution \\
SNR - supernova remnant \\
WCS - world coordinate system \\
WISE - Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer \\
WISPI - Widefield Spectral Imager \\
WMAP - Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe \\
YSO - young stellar object \\
ZAMS - zero age main sequence \\
analysis.tex · 2 KB
You may prefer to begin a new chapter without a section number to offer a paragraph that describes
what is coming. A more organized style would use a section perhaps called ``Summary'' at the
top of the chapter.
\section{What to Make of our Data}
As a first step, it was necessary to determine
A survey of the literature shows some uncertainty in
The resulting map of V-band extinction is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:radio_av}.
The figure is an example of how to use a short caption that will appear in the list of figures in the
front matter, and to include a label that is used in the reference in the text. Take care not to
confuse \verb|\ref| with \verb|\cite|. The former is for a label, the latter for a literature
citation.
\begin{figure}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\includegraphics*{radio_av.png}}
\caption[Rosette A(V) Map from Radio Ratio]{ A plot of
V-band extinction (A(V)) across the Rosette Nebula, derived from the flux
calibrated 1410 MHz / H($\alpha$) ratio map and reddening factors determined
from Cardelli 1989 \cite{cardelli1989}. The map is shown on a square root scale
from a minimum ratio value of zero to a maximum of 7. Note that the Effelsberg 1410 MHz
data had a half power beam width of 9.24 arcminutes, so detail below that level is
oversampling from the H$\alpha$ map. This map was used in the extinction correction
of the [OIII]/[SII] map of the ionization parameter discussed later.\label{fig:radio_av} }
\end{figure}
\section{Additional Analysis}
Of course you may add other sections to the analysis within the master chapter file. Alternatively,
you can add to the chapter with separate files by using the \verb|input| command within the main
dissertation file.
code.tex · 928 B
This is an example of how to include code listing within dissertation.
\begin{lstlisting}
import numpy as np
def incmatrix(genl1,genl2):
m = len(genl1)
n = len(genl2)
M = None #to become the incidence matrix
VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int) #dummy variable
#compute the bitwise xor matrix
M1 = bitxormatrix(genl1)
M2 = np.triu(bitxormatrix(genl2),1)
for i in range(m-1):
for j in range(i+1, m):
[r,c] = np.where(M2 == M1[i,j])
for k in range(len(r)):
VT[(i)*n + r[k]] = 1;
VT[(i)*n + c[k]] = 1;
VT[(j)*n + r[k]] = 1;
VT[(j)*n + c[k]] = 1;
if M is None:
M = np.copy(VT)
else:
M = np.concatenate((M, VT), 1)
VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)
return M
\end{lstlisting}
conclusions.tex · 957 B
\section{Conclusions}
After all that work, what have you found out?
The thesis created by this \LaTeX\/ class should meet the requirements of the
Graduate School. However, before you print it, ask them to review it for style
with enough lead time to make changes as needed. The class file you are using
was written in January 2018 to match a style manual dating from 2015. The
output will have some characteristics of the \LaTeX\/ system that may seem odd
to someone used to processing with Microsoft Word. Making global changes in the
class file is not trivial but often a solution can be found by searching
Stackexchange or other web resources. If you encounter problems in producing the
desired format you cannot solve, please contact Prof. Kielkopf in the
Department of Physics and Astronomy. If you find something you think should be
shared with other students writing dissertations, also please let me know so
that it can be added.
dissertation.bib · 12 KB
@PHDTHESIS{huber2017,
author = {{Huber}, J.},
title = {{Ph.D Thesis}},
school = {University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky},
year =2017
}
@BOOK{young89,
author = {{Young}, M.},
title = {The Technical Writer's Handbook},
publisher = "University Science Books",
year = 1989
}
@article{trigg79,
author = {{Trigg}, G. L.},
title = {Grammar},
journal= {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1979,
volume = 42,
pages = {747-748}
}
@BOOK{osterbrock2006,
author = "Donald E. Osterbrock, Gary J. Ferland",
title = "Astrophyics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei",
publisher = "University Science Books",
year = 2006
}
@ARTICLE{cohen1973,
author = {{Cohen}, M.},
title = "{An Unusual Infrared Source Near the Rosette Nebula}",
journal = {\apjl},
year = 1973,
month = oct,
volume = 185,
pages = {L75+},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1973ApJ...185L..75C&db_key=AST},
adsnote = {Provided by the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{celnik1985,
author = {{Celnik}, W.~E.},
title = "{The Rosette nebula. II - Radio continuum and recombination line observations}",
journal = {\aap},
year = 1985,
month = mar,
volume = 144,
pages = {171-178},
adsurl = {http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1985A%26A...144..171C&db_key=AST},
adsnote = {Provided by the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{graham1982,
author = {{Graham}, D.~A. and {Haslam}, C.~G.~T. and {Salter}, C.~J. and
{Wilson}, W.~E.},
title = "{A continuum study of galactic radio sources in the constellation of Monoceros}",
journal = {\aap},
keywords = {ASTRONOMICAL MAPS, GALACTIC RADIATION, HYDROGEN CLOUDS, RADIO SOURCES (ASTRONOMY), RADIO SPECTRA, SUPERNOVA REMNANTS, CONTINUOUS SPECTRA, ELECTRON EMISSION, HYDROGEN IONS, NEBULAE},
year = 1982,
month = may,
volume = 109,
pages = {145-154},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982A%26A...109..145G},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@BOOK{irwin2007,
author = {{Irwin}, Judith A.},
title = "Astrophysics: Decoding the Cosmos",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd.",
year = 2007,
pages = {123},
}
@MISC{gaia2017,
author = {{European Space Agency}},
title = {{Gaia Data Release Scenario}},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/release}},
note = {Accessed: 2017-03-20}
}
@ARTICLE{planck2015,
author = {{Planck Collaboration} and {Aghanim}, N. and {Alves}, M.~I.~R. and
{Arnaud}, M. and {Arzoumanian}, D. and {Aumont}, J. and {Baccigalupi}, C. and
{Banday}, A.~J. and {Barreiro}, R.~B. and {Bartolo}, N. and
{Battaner}, E. and {Benabed}, K. and {Benoit-L{\'e}vy}, A. and
{Bernard}, J.-P. and {Bersanelli}, M. and {Bielewicz}, P. and
{Bonaldi}, A. and {Bonavera}, L. and {Bond}, J.~R. and {Borrill}, J. and
{Bouchet}, F.~R. and {Boulanger}, F. and {Bracco}, A. and {Burigana}, C. and
{Calabrese}, E. and {Cardoso}, J.-F. and {Catalano}, A. and
{Chamballu}, A. and {Chiang}, H.~C. and {Christensen}, P.~R. and
{Colombi}, S. and {Colombo}, L.~P.~L. and {Combet}, C. and {Couchot}, F. and
{Crill}, B.~P. and {Curto}, A. and {Cuttaia}, F. and {Danese}, L. and
{Davies}, R.~D. and {Davis}, R.~J. and {de Bernardis}, P. and
{de Rosa}, A. and {de Zotti}, G. and {Delabrouille}, J. and
{Dickinson}, C. and {Diego}, J.~M. and {Dole}, H. and {Donzelli}, S. and
{Dor{\'e}}, O. and {Douspis}, M. and {Ducout}, A. and {Dupac}, X. and
{Efstathiou}, G. and {Elsner}, F. and {En{\ss}lin}, T.~A. and
{Eriksen}, H.~K. and {Falgarone}, E. and {Ferri{\`e}re}, K. and
{Finelli}, F. and {Forni}, O. and {Frailis}, M. and {Fraisse}, A.~A. and
{Franceschi}, E. and {Frejsel}, A. and {Galeotta}, S. and {Galli}, S. and
{Ganga}, K. and {Ghosh}, T. and {Giard}, M. and {Gjerl{\o}w}, E. and
{Gonz{\'a}lez-Nuevo}, J. and {G{\'o}rski}, K.~M. and {Gregorio}, A. and
{Gruppuso}, A. and {Guillet}, V. and {Hansen}, F.~K. and {Hanson}, D. and
{Harrison}, D.~L. and {Henrot-Versill{\'e}}, S. and {Herranz}, D. and
{Hildebrandt}, S.~R. and {Hivon}, E. and {Hobson}, M. and {Holmes}, W.~A. and
{Hornstrup}, A. and {Hovest}, W. and {Huffenberger}, K.~M. and
{Hurier}, G. and {Jaffe}, A.~H. and {Jaffe}, T.~R. and {Jewell}, J. and
{Juvela}, M. and {Keskitalo}, R. and {Kisner}, T.~S. and {Knoche}, J. and
{Kunz}, M. and {Kurki-Suonio}, H. and {Lagache}, G. and {Lamarre}, J.-M. and
{Lasenby}, A. and {Lattanzi}, M. and {Lawrence}, C.~R. and {Leonardi}, R. and
{Levrier}, F. and {Liguori}, M. and {Lilje}, P.~B. and {Linden-V{\o}rnle}, M. and
{L{\'o}pez-Caniego}, M. and {Lubin}, P.~M. and {Mac{\'{\i}}as-P{\'e}rez}, J.~F. and
{Maffei}, B. and {Maino}, D. and {Mandolesi}, N. and {Mangilli}, A. and
{Maris}, M. and {Martin}, P.~G. and {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez}, E. and
{Masi}, S. and {Matarrese}, S. and {Melchiorri}, A. and {Mendes}, L. and
{Mennella}, A. and {Migliaccio}, M. and {Miville-Desch{\^e}nes}, M.-A. and
{Moneti}, A. and {Montier}, L. and {Morgante}, G. and {Mortlock}, D. and
{Moss}, A. and {Munshi}, D. and {Murphy}, J.~A. and {Naselsky}, P. and
{Nati}, F. and {Natoli}, P. and {Netterfield}, C.~B. and {Noviello}, F. and
{Novikov}, D. and {Novikov}, I. and {Oppermann}, N. and {Pagano}, L. and
{Pajot}, F. and {Paladini}, R. and {Paoletti}, D. and {Pasian}, F. and
{Patanchon}, G. and {Perdereau}, O. and {Pettorino}, V. and
{Piacentini}, F. and {Piat}, M. and {Pietrobon}, D. and {Plaszczynski}, S. and
{Pointecouteau}, E. and {Polenta}, G. and {Ponthieu}, N. and
{Pratt}, G.~W. and {Pr{\'e}zeau}, G. and {Prunet}, S. and {Puget}, J.-L. and
{Rebolo}, R. and {Reinecke}, M. and {Remazeilles}, M. and {Renault}, C. and
{Renzi}, A. and {Ristorcelli}, I. and {Rocha}, G. and {Rosset}, C. and
{Rossetti}, M. and {Roudier}, G. and {Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, J.~A. and
{Rusholme}, B. and {Sandri}, M. and {Santos}, D. and {Savelainen}, M. and
{Savini}, G. and {Scott}, D. and {Soler}, J.~D. and {Spencer}, L.~D. and
{Stolyarov}, V. and {Sutton}, D. and {Suur-Uski}, A.-S. and
{Sygnet}, J.-F. and {Tauber}, J.~A. and {Terenzi}, L. and {Toffolatti}, L. and
{Tomasi}, M. and {Tristram}, M. and {Tucci}, M. and {Tuovinen}, J. and
{Valenziano}, L. and {Valiviita}, J. and {Van Tent}, B. and
{Vielva}, P. and {Villa}, F. and {Wade}, L.~A. and {Wandelt}, B.~D. and
{Wehus}, I.~K. and {Wiesemeyer}, H. and {Yvon}, D. and {Zacchei}, A. and
{Zonca}, A.},
title = "{Planck intermediate results. XXXIV. The magnetic field structure in the Rosette Nebula}",
journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1501.00922},
keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies},
year = 2015,
month = jan,
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv150100922P},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{planck2011thermal,
author = {{Planck Collaboration} and {Abergel}, A. and {Ade}, P.~A.~R. and
{Aghanim}, N. and {Arnaud}, M. and {Ashdown}, M. and {Aumont}, J. and
{Baccigalupi}, C. and {Balbi}, A. and {Banday}, A.~J. and {Barreiro}, R.~B. and
{Bartlett}, J.~G. and {Battaner}, E. and {Benabed}, K. and {Beno{\^i}t}, A. and
{Bernard}, J.-P. and {Bersanelli}, M. and {Bhatia}, R. and {Bock}, J.~J. and
{Bonaldi}, A. and {Bond}, J.~R. and {Borrill}, J. and {Bouchet}, F.~R. and
{Boulanger}, F. and {Bucher}, M. and {Burigana}, C. and {Cabella}, P. and
{Cardoso}, J.-F. and {Catalano}, A. and {Cay{\'o}n}, L. and
{Challinor}, A. and {Chamballu}, A. and {Chiang}, L.-Y. and
{Chiang}, C. and {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Clements}, D.~L. and
{Colombi}, S. and {Couchot}, F. and {Coulais}, A. and {Crill}, B.~P. and
{Cuttaia}, F. and {Danese}, L. and {Davies}, R.~D. and {Davis}, R.~J. and
{de Bernardis}, P. and {de Gasperis}, G. and {de Rosa}, A. and
{de Zotti}, G. and {Delabrouille}, J. and {Delouis}, J.-M. and
{D{\'e}sert}, F.-X. and {Dickinson}, C. and {Dobashi}, K. and
{Donzelli}, S. and {Dor{\'e}}, O. and {D{\"o}rl}, U. and {Douspis}, M. and
{Dupac}, X. and {Efstathiou}, G. and {En{\ss}lin}, T.~A. and
{Eriksen}, H.~K. and {Finelli}, F. and {Forni}, O. and {Frailis}, M. and
{Franceschi}, E. and {Galeotta}, S. and {Ganga}, K. and {Giard}, M. and
{Giardino}, G. and {Giraud-H{\'e}raud}, Y. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Nuevo}, J. and
{G{\'o}rski}, K.~M. and {Gratton}, S. and {Gregorio}, A. and
{Gruppuso}, A. and {Guillet}, V. and {Hansen}, F.~K. and {Harrison}, D. and
{Henrot-Versill{\'e}}, S. and {Herranz}, D. and {Hildebrandt}, S.~R. and
{Hivon}, E. and {Hobson}, M. and {Holmes}, W.~A. and {Hovest}, W. and
{Hoyland}, R.~J. and {Huffenberger}, K.~M. and {Jaffe}, A.~H. and
{Jones}, A. and {Jones}, W.~C. and {Juvela}, M. and {Keih{\"a}nen}, E. and
{Keskitalo}, R. and {Kisner}, T.~S. and {Kneissl}, R. and {Knox}, L. and
{Kurki-Suonio}, H. and {Lagache}, G. and {Lamarre}, J.-M. and
{Lasenby}, A. and {Laureijs}, R.~J. and {Lawrence}, C.~R. and
{Leach}, S. and {Leonardi}, R. and {Leroy}, C. and {Linden-V{\o}rnle}, M. and
{L{\'o}pez-Caniego}, M. and {Lubin}, P.~M. and {Mac{\'{\i}}as-P{\'e}rez}, J.~F. and
{MacTavish}, C.~J. and {Maffei}, B. and {Mandolesi}, N. and
{Mann}, R. and {Maris}, M. and {Marshall}, D.~J. and {Martin}, P. and
{Mart{\'{\i}}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez}, E. and {Masi}, S. and {Matarrese}, S. and
{Matthai}, F. and {Mazzotta}, P. and {McGehee}, P. and {Meinhold}, P.~R. and
{Melchiorri}, A. and {Mendes}, L. and {Mennella}, A. and {Mitra}, S. and
{Miville-Desch{\^e}nes}, M.-A. and {Moneti}, A. and {Montier}, L. and
{Morgante}, G. and {Mortlock}, D. and {Munshi}, D. and {Murphy}, A. and
{Naselsky}, P. and {Natoli}, P. and {Netterfield}, C.~B. and
{N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}, H.~U. and {Noviello}, F. and {Novikov}, D. and
{Novikov}, I. and {Osborne}, S. and {Pajot}, F. and {Paladini}, R. and
{Pasian}, F. and {Patanchon}, G. and {Perdereau}, O. and {Perotto}, L. and
{Perrotta}, F. and {Piacentini}, F. and {Piat}, M. and {Plaszczynski}, S. and
{Pointecouteau}, E. and {Polenta}, G. and {Ponthieu}, N. and
{Poutanen}, T. and {Pr{\'e}zeau}, G. and {Prunet}, S. and {Puget}, J.-L. and
{Reach}, W.~T. and {Rebolo}, R. and {Reinecke}, M. and {Renault}, C. and
{Ricciardi}, S. and {Riller}, T. and {Ristorcelli}, I. and {Rocha}, G. and
{Rosset}, C. and {Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, J.~A. and {Rusholme}, B. and
{Sandri}, M. and {Santos}, D. and {Savini}, G. and {Scott}, D. and
{Seiffert}, M.~D. and {Shellard}, P. and {Smoot}, G.~F. and
{Starck}, J.-L. and {Stivoli}, F. and {Stolyarov}, V. and {Sudiwala}, R. and
{Sygnet}, J.-F. and {Tauber}, J.~A. and {Terenzi}, L. and {Toffolatti}, L. and
{Tomasi}, M. and {Torre}, J.-P. and {Tristram}, M. and {Tuovinen}, J. and
{Umana}, G. and {Valenziano}, L. and {Verstraete}, L. and {Vielva}, P. and
{Villa}, F. and {Vittorio}, N. and {Wade}, L.~A. and {Wandelt}, B.~D. and
{Yvon}, D. and {Zacchei}, A. and {Zonca}, A.},
title = "{Planck early results. XXV. Thermal dust in nearby molecular clouds}",
journal = {\aap},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1101.2037},
keywords = {dust, extinction, ISM: structure, evolution, infrared: ISM, ISM: individual objects: Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud},
year = 2011,
month = dec,
volume = 536,
eid = {A25},
pages = {A25},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201116483},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...536A..25P},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{cardelli1989,
author = {{Cardelli}, J.~A. and {Clayton}, G.~C. and {Mathis}, J.~S.},
title = "{The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction}",
journal = {\apj},
keywords = {Infrared Spectra, Interstellar Extinction, Ultraviolet Spectra, Visible Spectrum, Computational Astrophysics, Interstellar Matter, Iue},
year = 1989,
month = oct,
volume = 345,
pages = {245-256},
doi = {10.1086/167900},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApJ...345..245C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{morisset2006,
author = {{Morisset}, C.},
title = "{Cloudy\_3D, a new pseudo-3D photoionization code}",
booktitle = {Planetary Nebulae in our Galaxy and Beyond},
year = 2006,
series = {IAU Symposium},
volume = 234,
editor = {{Barlow}, M.~J. and {M{\'e}ndez}, R.~H.},
pages = {467-468},
doi = {10.1017/S1743921306003772},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006IAUS..234..467M},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
dissertation.tex — the file that is compiled · 9 KB
\RequirePackage{snapshot}
\documentclass[final]{ulthesis}
%\setsecnumdepth{section}
\usepackage{url}
% Aliases used in bib file for journal titles
%\include{journals}
% Include these 2 packages
% Content here for hyperref metadata should match content in dissertation
\usepackage[pdfauthor={Firstname Lastname},
pdftitle={Dissertation Title},
pdfsubject={Discipline specific subject},
pdfkeywords={Keywords or phrases separated by commas},
pdfproducer={Latex with hyperref},
pdfcreator={latex->dvips->ps2pdf},
pdfpagemode=UseOutlines,
bookmarksopen=true,
bookmarksnumbered=true]{hyperref}
% Color links may not be allowed by SIGS
% Setting to black hides them except for cursor rollover
\hypersetup{
colorlinks=true,
%linkcolor=blue,
%filecolor=magenta,
%urlcolor=cyan
linkcolor=black,
filecolor=black,
urlcolor=black
}
\usepackage{memhfixc}
%Additional packages that are useful
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\usepackage{verbatim} % use for blocks of unformatted content
\usepackage{color} % use if color is used in text
\usepackage{hyperref} % use without arguments for no metatdata
\usepackage{pgffor}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
%\usepackage{subFigure} % use for side-by-side Figures
\usepackage{amsmath} % use for subequations
\usepackage{listings} % use for program listings
% Change figure and table caption label styles
\usepackage[labelsep=period, labelfont=bf]{caption} % boldface with period
\usepackage{chngcntr} % use to serially number figures and tables
\usepackage{relsize} % for BABAR text logo
\usepackage{subcaption} % for side by side figures
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\@memmain@floats{%
% Enable serially numbered figures, tables and equations
\counterwithout{figure}{chapter}
\counterwithout{table}{chapter}
\counterwithout{equation}{chapter}}
% Suppress section numbering in TOC
% \renewcommand{\cftsectionpresnum}{\begin{lrbox}{\@tempboxa}}
% \renewcommand{\cftsectionaftersnum}{\end{lrbox}}
% \makeatletter
% \setlength{\cftsectionnumwidth}{0pt}
% Restarts section numbered from 1 on each chapter
% \renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{section}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\klong{\ensuremath{K_{\textrm L}^{0}} }
\def\babar{\mbox{\slshape B\kern-0.3em{\smaller[2] A}\kern-0.1em B\kern-0.3em{\smaller[2] A\kern-0.2em R}} }
\def\pt{\ensuremath{p_{\textrm T}} }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
% Aliases used in bib file for journal titles
\include{journals}
% ---------------------------------------
% Front matter
% ---------------------------------------
%Dissertation author
\author{Firstname Lastname}
% Your current highest degree
\authordegree{M.S. in Physics, 2020}
% Your dissertation title should match pdf title above
\title{Your paper}
% This dissertation degree
\dissertationdegree{Doctor of Philosophy}
% The dissertation discipline (may differ from the department name) for example "Physics"
\dissertationdiscipline{Physics}
% Month and year of degree award
\dissertationdate{August 2025}
% Month day and year of dissertation approval
\approvaldate{June 30, 2025}
% College or school
\school{College of Arts and Sciences}
% Department in which the candidate is enrolled
\department{Department of Physics and Astronomy}
% Advisors and committee members with appropriate honorifics
\advisor{Research advisor}
\firstmember{Co-advisor or first member}
\secondmember{Second member}
\thirdmember{Third member}
% \fourthmember{Fourth member}
% Use the same keywords for the pdf headers above
\keywords{Keywords or phrases separated by commas}
%This builds the title page and other front content
\frontmatter
\maketitle
% Now we add edited content page by page.
% Retain each section, edit as needed.
% Keep this order of sections and end with the tables of contents.
% \begin{dedication}
% \end{dedication}
% Insert external PDF page as needed by uncommenting the following
% \includepdf[pages=-]{Biswas_Electronic_Dissertation_Signature_Page_signed.pdf}
% An section with acknowledgments is conventional
\begin{acknowledgments}
I would like to thank Jeremy Huber, a former doctoral student, who kindly
provided examples from his dissertation for this template. Subsequent contributions to the refinement of the \LaTeX\/ template have come from Elijah Jensen and Clayton Robertson.
This project was supported in part by ...
With a project of of this kind, there is also an enormous list of resources, services, and software to acknowledge:
This research made use of data provided by NASA ...
\end{acknowledgments}
% Dissertation abstract should summarize the content
% The best practice is to not have citations in the abstract
% Avoid language which is specialized and acronyms that are not defined
\begin{dissertationabstract}
The Rosette nebula is a large, ring-shaped emission nebula with a
distinctive central cavity excavated by its central cluster of OB stars. Toward
understanding the three dimensional structure and fundamental physical processes
of this object, we have acquired flux-calibrated, 4-degree field, deep exposures
of the Rosette region through 3 nm bandwidth H$\alpha$ (656.3 nm) as well as
H$\beta$ (486.1nm), [OIII] (500.7 nm) and [SII] (671.6 nm) filters with 4.5 nm
bandwidth. The 4 arcsec/pixel images are supplemented with 4 degree field slit
spectra and combined with archival data from the Galactic Evolution Explorer
satellite (GALEX), Akari, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), the
Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
(WISE), the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the Planck mission,
along with published single dish radio data of the hydrogen continuum at 1410,
2700, and 4750 MHz. These disparate sources have been converted to the same flux
and spatial scale as our own wide field data to create a multispectral data cube
which allows comparative analysis across the electromagnetic spectrum. Using
ratios of data cube slices, spatial maps of extinction and ionization have been
constructed to explore the spatial variation of these parameters across the
nebula. Comparison of emission in different wavelengths across the data cube
allows generation of a spectral energy distribution (SED) to probe dust
temperature and geometry. A radial profile analysis of emission from the Rosette
in each band supports a spherical shell model of three dimensional structure,
and visual representations of this model have been generated in both Python and
Javascript/GLSL. An investigation of anomalous dust emission in the center of
the nebula via supplemental spectroscopy, conducted on the Anglo-Australian
Telescope, is also presented.
\end{dissertationabstract}
% These commands will generate the required tables of contents.
% The \clearpage commands insure that the next one begins on a new page.
\tableofcontents* \clearpage
\listoftables \clearpage
\listoffigures \clearpage
% ---------------------------------------------
% Main matter
% ---------------------------------------------
% Note we need this to insure proper formatting for the body of the dissertation.
\mainmatter
% Use separate files for chapters and include the chapter titles here.
% Having the titles here is necessary to get them properly indexed and
% formatted. The \input{file} will pull in the content of that file.
% You do not have to give an extension ".tex" but it anticipates the file has that.
\chapter{Introduction}
\input{intro.tex}
\chapter{Observations}
\input{observations.tex}
\chapter{Analysis}
\input{analysis.tex}
\chapter{Conclusions}
\input{conclusions.tex}
% ---------------------------------------------
% Back matter
% ---------------------------------------------
% The layout changes for the last part and you need this command
\backmatter
% You can change the style of the bibliography for whatever would be
% accepted by your discipline and the University format checkers.
% There are several bibliography managers that may be used with LaTeX.
% Here we have defaulted to bibtex, but if this does not work for you
% try others.
% Style "apalike" is similar to the Harvard style.
% If you prefer numbered references, try "plain".
% The ulthesis package includes a copy of the Optical Society of America's
% bibliography style which retains titles and provides a clean looking
% bibliography in order of citation in the body. It is used here by default.
% If you want a true Harvard style you can use "biblatex" or "natbib" instead
% of bibtex, which requires some other modifications.
%\bibliographystyle{apalike}
%\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliographystyle{osajnl}
\bibliography{dissertation}
% Appendices and the Vita are treated as chapters in the back matter
\chapter{Appendix A: Commonly Used Acronyms}
\input{acronyms.tex}
\chapter{Appendix B: Code}
\input{code.tex}
\chapter{Curriculum Vitae}
\input{vita.tex}
\end{document}
intro.tex · 11 KB
\section{About \LaTeX\/ for Dissertations}
\LaTeX\/ is very widely used to produce dissertations in the sciences and
engineering, particularly in Astronomy, Physics, Mathematics and Electrical
Engineering where typesetting mathematics is critical. However, many
university graduate programs specify dissertation styles that are based on
Microsoft Word and do not have the philosophy that is at the core of
\LaTeX. That is, \LaTeX\/ was created so that someone could take the burden of
layout and style from you, and let you simply write. Regrettably, the current
generation of powerful word processing software including Word, LibreOffice, and
Google~Docs, offer considerable freedom, but start with a blank
page and hand to you the task of making everything look consistent, conform to a required
style, and possibly even look beautiful. You will likely
spend as much time creating formats and
trying to ``control'' the program as you will in writing.
Additionally, entering mathematics in these systems is
tedious, and the results are sometimes disappointing.
By contrast, with \LaTeX\/ there are hundreds of
style files
available written by students or their advisors to help conform to
their school's requirements. The downside is that in reality,
unless you are skilled at \LaTeX\/ coding,
you need a \textit{class} file to start with that produces at least a
close facsimile to a standard style for your university.
This package is one such attempt for the University of Louisville.
It is now in
its $6^{th}$ generation and now it is based on the
\textit{memoir} \LaTeX\/ class that is designed for customized layouts. The
result, while not a perfect emulation of the standard shown in our most
recent dissertation guide, is close. It can be customized to fit your
discipline, and it should be straightforward to modify
both the class file and the template dissertation source file
for those specific issues
that may come up in your own writing.
Another advantage to using \LaTeX\/ is that most science journals provide
templates for submitting articles in this format. It is very simple to modify
all or parts of your dissertation for submission to those journals for
publication, or in the reverse, to take the source you used for published papers
and incorporate it into your dissertation document.
Use this resource so that you do not have to maintain a \LaTeX\/ system on
your own computer, and to have interactive help with immediate display of your
formatted dissertation. It allows you to share your work with your advisor too and fellow students too.
In order to expedite your writing, it is strongly recommended that you
begin using a bibliography file very early on, and add to it as you develop
content for your dissertation. With that, including citations in the
dissertation is simple, and \LaTeX\/ with \textit{bibtex} will organize
citations for you. An example \verb|.bib| file is included in this package and
you will find support with Google searches if you need to know how to add
entries. The style of the bibliography and the citations can be changed by
altering only a few lines of the source documents.
For Physics and Astronomy, if you need a citation try using the NASA ADS website \href{https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/}{https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/}
to search for relevant papers. The archive includes most of the mainstream
physics literature, and essentially all of astronomy and astrophysics. For
any entry you find, there is a clickable link that will generate a bibliography
entry for \textit{bibtex}. Many journals that are included in the database are identified by acronyms in the bibliography, and a list of them is in the file ``journals.tex'' which is included in the ulthesis template.
\section{How to Write a Dissertation}
The body of the work goes here. You may benefit from reading a
book on writing for scientists and engineers.
Although now from the past century, a
good one is \textbf{The Technical
Writer's Handbook} by Matt Young \cite{young89}. Above all, follow
the advice of your research advisor.
Here is a short list of grammatical ``do's'' that appeared in the Physical
Review Letters and still remains useful in technical writing
today~\cite{trigg79} --
\begin{enumerate}
\item Make sure each pronoun agrees with their antecedent.
\item Just between you and I, the case of pronouns is important.
\item Watch out for irregular verbs which have crope into English.
\item Verbs has to agree in number with their subjects.
\item Don't use no double negatives.\item Being bad grammar, a writer should
not use dangling modifiers.
\item Join clauses good like a conjunction should.
\item A writer must not shift you point of view.
\item About sentence fragments.
\item Don't use run-on sentences you got to punctuate them.
\item In letters essays and reports use commas to separate items in series.
\item Don't use commas, which are not necessary.
\item Parenthetical words however should be enclosed in commas.
\item Its important to use apostrophes right in everybodys writing.
\item Don't abbrev.
\item Check to see if you any words out.
\item In the case of a report, check to see that jargonwise, it's A-OK.
\item As far as incomplete constructions, they are wrong.
\item About repetition, the repetition of a word might be real effective
repetition.
\item In my opinion, I think that an author when he is writing should
definitely not get into the habit of making use of too many unnecessary words
that he does not really need in order to put his message across.
\item Use parallel construction not only to be concise but also clarify.
\item It behooves us all to avoid archaic expressions.
\item Mixed metaphors are a pain in the neck and ought to be weeded out.
\item Consult the dictionery to avoid mispelings.
\item To ignorantly split an infinitive is a practice to religiously avoid.
\item Last but not least, lay off cliches.
\end{enumerate}
\section{Overview on Figures}
The Rosette Nebula (NGC 2237-39, 44, 46) is a large and distinctive ring-shaped HII region occupying better
than a degree of the northern sky. It is situated just south of the galactic plane in the constellation Monoceros. The
nebula is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:optical}.
Figures are included by reference this way: \verb|Fig.~\ref{fig:optical}| using
a label that is included in the figure caption within the \LaTeX\/ source. See
the tex files in this package for examples such as this one.
% You may insert figures anywhere in the text using this format. Files in png (preferred for quality), jpg, eps,
% pdf formats are acceptable but watch for low resolution input not rendering well.
% The \resizebox option as used here will scale to the width of the text area and keep the figure proportions.
% You may insert specific sizing if you prefer, and use a \begin{center} ...\end{center} to place a smaller figure
% in the available space.
% Note the use of \cite for a reference may be in a figure caption, and of \label to refer to the figure in the text.
% Recommended usage for labels is "fig:explain" for a figure, "eq:mymath" for an equation, and "tab:mytablestuff" for a table.
% This makes it easier to organize labels for different purposes. LaTeX does not care what you use.
\begin{figure}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\includegraphics*{ros_rgb.jpg}}
\caption[Rosette Tricolor]{A false color view of the Rosette nebula composited from imagery
collected during this project. The standard Hubble color scheme is used, with red [SII] emission, green H$\alpha$,
and blue [OIII] emission. All filters are square root scaled, and relative flux from [OIII] and [SII] has been
enhanced for clarity. \cite{huber2017}\label{fig:optical} }
\end{figure}
\section{About Sections and Equations}
\LaTeX\/ accepts input from a file and uses it in place. Your master file will read the chapter files, which enables you to write
one chapter at a time easily. Within a chapter you may have sections such as this one taken from a recent astrophysics
dissertation.~\cite{huber2017}. It shows how to use the \textit{align} option to display a multi-line set of
equations.
You can see in the \LaTeX\/ source that while we have separated into files by chapter, the organization is actually set by markup \verb|\chapter{title}| and \verb|\section{topic}| within the file. Section identifiers are distinctive and contain numbering that is preserved in the table of contents. You may refer to chapters or sections by adding a markup \verb|\label{mylabel}| with the argument. See the source for additional help.
\subsection{An example of equations}
This was produced by including a \verb|\subsection{}| in the source. The subsection and subsubsection headers are set to have the numbering by adding a command in the ulthesis.cls file. To minimize clutter you may uncomment the command \verb|\setsecnumdepth{section}| in your dissertation.tex file. It is in the header just after the use of \verb|ulthesis|.
\subsubsection{Numbered equations}
The \verb|\subsubsection{}| works this way.
One of the defining physical processes of HII regions is the equilibrium between ionization and recombination within the gas.
For clarity, it is useful to consider the case of a single ionizing star in a cloud of pure, uniform hydrogen gas.
The ionization equilibrium can then be expressed by equation
\begin{align}
n(H^0) \int_{\nu_0}^\infty \frac{4\pi J_{\nu}}{h\nu}a_{\nu} (H^0)d\nu &= n(H^0) \int_{\nu_0}^\infty \phi_{\nu} a_{\nu} (H^0) d\nu \\
=n(H^0)\Gamma(H^0) &= n_e n_p \alpha(H^0, T). \label{eq:manylines}
\end{align}
Here, $n(H^0$), $n_e$, and $n_p$ are the density per unit volume of the neutral atom, electron, and proton respectively, while $\alpha$($H^0$, $T$) is the recombination coefficient \cite{osterbrock2006}. Therefore, the right-hand side of the equation gives the number of recombinations per unit volume per unit time. At equilibrium, this recombination rate will be equal to the rate of ionization per unit time, shown on the left-hand side of the expression. There, $J_{\nu}$ is the mean intensity of radiation in energy units per unit area, per unit time, per unit solid angle, per unit frequency interval and therefore $\phi_{\nu} = 4\pi J_{\nu}/h\nu$ is the incident photons per unit area, per unit time, per unit frequency interval. The threshold energy for ionization is $h\nu_0$ (13.6 eV) and therefore $\nu_0$ is the threshold frequency for an ionizing photon ($3.29 \times 10^{15}$ Hz). The quantity $a_\nu(H^0$) is the ionization cross section for hydrogen by photons above the threshold energy, and consequently the integral product $\Gamma(H^0)$ gives the number of photoionizations per atom per unit time, as expected \cite{osterbrock2006}.
A single line equation would be done this way.
\begin{equation}
\int_{\nu_0}^\infty \frac{L_{\nu}}{h\nu} d\nu = N_{UV} = (\frac{4\pi}{3})R_S^3 n_e n_p \alpha_B. \label{eq:oneline}
\end{equation}
As Eqs.~\ref{eq:manylines} and \ref{eq:oneline} illustrate, it is often considered good practice to treat them as sentences and to
punctuate them with a ``.'' when appropriate. This style is not universal.
\subsubsection{Inline equations}
You may want to include an equation or math within the body of the text. For that purpose, simply use the \verb|$| to enclose the math. An example would be Newton's $2^\mathrm{nd}$ law, $\vec{F} = m\vec{A}$.
journals.tex · 518 B
\def \apjl{Astrophysical Journal Letters }
\def \apjs{Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series }
\def \apj{Astrophysical Journal }
\def \aaps{Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement }
\def \apss{Astrophysics and Space Science }
\def \mnras{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society }
\def \aap{Astronomy and Astrophysics }
\def \aj{Astronomical Journal }
\def \pasp{Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific }
\def \pasj{Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan }
\def \ao{Applied Optics }
observations.tex · 5 KB
\section{Our Data}
The narrow band, wide field data collected are inventoried in Table~\ref{tab:datacube}, which
may be used as an example of how to include a table in your dissertation.
\begin{table}
\caption[Data Cube Inventory]{A complete list of all
bands included in the data cube, along with identifying index numbers and
a summary of physical processes responsible for this type of emission. \label{tab:datacube} }
\begin{center}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{ l c c c c }
\hline
Instrument & Band Index & Wavelengths & Frequencies & Nebula Processes\\
& & (m) & (Hz)& \\ \hline \hline
Effelsberg & 1 & 2.127 $\times 10^{-1}$ & 1.410 $\times 10^{9}$ & HI 21 cm line and \\
100 m& 2 & 1.111 $\times 10^{-1}$ & 2.700 $\times 10^{9}$ & free-free emission. \\
& 3 & 6.316 $\times 10^{-2}$ & 4.750 $\times 10^{9}$ & \\ \hline
WMAP & 4 & 1.364 $\times 10^{-2}$ & 2.280 $\times 10^{10}$ & Free-free, thermal dust, synchrotron,\\
& 6 & 1.000 $\times 10^{-2}$ & 3.300 $\times 10^{10}$ & thermal dust, CO line, \\
& 7 & 7.500 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 4.070 $\times 10^{10}$ & \& anomalous microwave emission\\
& 9 & 5.000 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 6.080 $\times 10^{10}$ & (likely due to spinning dust).\\
& 11 & 3.333 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 9.350 $\times 10^{10}$ & \\ \hline
Planck & 5 & 1.000 $\times 10^{-2}$ & 3.000 $\times 10^{10}$ & Free-free, thermal dust, synchrotron,\\
& 8 & 6.818 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 4.400 $\times 10^{10}$ & thermal dust, CO line,\\
& 10 & 4.286 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 7.000 $\times 10^{10}$ & \& anomalous microwave emission\\
& 12 & 3.000 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 1.000 $\times 10^{11}$ & (likely due to spinning dust).\\
& 13 & 2.098 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 1.430 $\times 10^{11}$ & \\
& 14 & 1.383 $\times 10^{-3}$ & 2.170 $\times 10^{11}$ & \\
& 15 & 8.499 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 3.530 $\times 10^{11}$ & \\
& 16 & 5.505 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 5.450 $\times 10^{11}$ & \\
& 17 & 3.501 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 8.570 $\times 10^{11}$ & \\ \hline
Akari & 18 & 1.600 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 1.875 $\times 10^{12}$ & Thermal continuum from dust,\\
& 19 & 1.400 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 2.143 $\times 10^{12}$ & line emission from [OI], [OII], \\
& 21 & 9.000 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 3.333 $\times 10^{12}$ & [CII] and others. \\
& 22 & 6.500 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 4.615 $\times 10^{12}$ & \\ \hline
IRAS & 20 & 1.000 $\times 10^{-4}$ & 3.000 $\times 10^{12}$ & Thermal dust emission, \\
& 23 & 6.000 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 5.000 $\times 10^{12}$ & PAH band emission. \\
& 24 & 2.400 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 1.2500 $\times 10^{13}$ & \\
& 29 & 1.200 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 2.500 $\times 10^{13}$ & \\ \hline
MSX & 26 & 2.134 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 1.410 $\times 10^{13}$ & Thermal dust emission, \\
& 27 & 1.465 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 2.040 $\times 10^{13}$ & PAH band emission \\
& 28 & 1.213 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 2.479 $\times 10^{13}$ & \\
& 31 & 8.280 $\times 10^{-6}$ & 3.623 $\times 10^{13}$ & \\ \hline
WISE & 25 & 2.200 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 1.364 $\times 10^{13}$ & Thermal dust emission, \\
& 30 & 1.200 $\times 10^{-5}$ & 2.500 $\times 10^{13}$ & PAH band emission, \\
& 32 & 4.600 $\times 10^{-6}$ & 6.522 $\times 10^{13}$ & and CO line emission\\
& 33 & 3.400 $\times 10^{-6}$ & 8.824 $\times 10^{13}$ & \\ \hline
FSQ & 34 & 6.723 $\times 10^{-7}$ & 4.462 $\times 10^{14}$ & hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur\\
& 35 & 6.565 $\times 10^{-7}$ & 4.570 $\times 10^{14}$ & atomic line emission \\
& 36 & 5.008 $\times 10^{-7}$ & 5.990 $\times 10^{14}$ & \\
& 37 & 4.863 $\times 10^{-7}$ & 6.169 $\times 10^{14}$ & \\ \hline
GALEX & 38 & 2.271 $\times 10^{-7}$ & 1.321 $\times 10^{15}$ & helium line emission \\
& & & & UV dust scatter \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\resizebox{6in}{!}{\includegraphics*{rosette_data_bands.png}}
\caption[Rosette Band Coverage]{A visualization of frequency bandwidth coverage for each Rosette data cube slice. Index values on the vertical axis correspond to those in Table \ref{tab:datacube}. \label{fig:bands}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\section{Archival Data}
Add sections to your chapters as needed. This example also shows how to incorporate references to the literature by use of a bibliography file and a \verb|\cite| instance.
Because the Rosette has such a large angular size on the sky, wide field single dish radio data covering
the entire region were limited. Among the most recent of the available data were 1410 and 4750~MHz
continuum maps by Celnik \cite{celnik1985}, and a 2700~MHz continuum map
by Graham \cite{graham1982}. Due to their age, these data were presented in the form of printed contour maps. Fortunately, calibration information
is included in tabular form, allowing a flux calibrated map to be recreated. The original digital data are not available.
osajnl.bst · 26 KB
%%
%% This is file `osajnl2.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs (with options: `head,exlang,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,tit-qq,bt-qq,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,num-xser,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,edby,edbyy,blk-com,blknt,english,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-xc,etal-it,nfss,,{}')
%% english.mbs (with options: `exlang,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,tit-qq,bt-qq,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,num-xser,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,edby,edbyy,blk-com,blknt,english,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-xc,etal-it,nfss,,{}')
%% merlin.mbs (with options: `tail,exlang,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,tit-qq,bt-qq,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,num-xser,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,edby,edbyy,blk-com,blknt,english,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-xc,etal-it,nfss,,{}')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** OSA BibTeX style file ***
%%
%% Copyright 1994-2005 Patrick W Daly
% ===============================================================
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
% This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
% more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
%
% This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
% ===============================================================
% Name and version information of the main mbs file:
% \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2005/10/17 4.14 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% This bibliography style file is intended for texts in
% ENGLISH
% This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
% It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
% The form of the \bibitem entries is
% \bibitem{key}...
% Usage of \cite is as follows:
% \cite{key} ==>> [#]
% \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
% where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
% The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
% cited in the text, or that in the database.
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
eid
howpublished
institution
journal
key
month
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
}
{}
{ label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
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#3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
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"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
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FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
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FUNCTION {date.block}
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if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$
"}" * add.period$
#-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {bolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$
}
FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Begin module:
% \ProvidesFile{english.mbs}[2003/11/06 4.2 (PWD)]
% The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}
FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }
FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol." }
FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }
FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }
FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }
FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chap." }
FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }
FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{ "1st" }
FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{ "2nd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{ "3rd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{ "4th" }
FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{ "5th" }
FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }
FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }
FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
#-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.th * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "1" =
{ pop$ bbl.st * }
{ duplicate$ "2" =
{ pop$ bbl.nd * }
{ "3" =
{ bbl.rd * }
{ bbl.th * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
% End module: english.mbs
%% Copyright 1994-2005 Patrick W Daly
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
duplicate$ missing$
{
pop$ pop$
""
}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{
swap$ pop$
}
{ swap$
pop$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
duplicate$ missing$
{
swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
""
}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{
swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
}
{ swap$
pop$
}
if$
}
if$
}
STRINGS { bibinfo}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
's :=
"" 't :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
format.name$
bibinfo bibinfo.check
't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
numnames #2 >
t "others" = not and
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal emphasize *
}
{
bbl.and
space.word * t *
}
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
} if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
format.names
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"," *
" " *
get.bbl.editor
*
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
note empty$
{ "" }
{ note #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "{" =
'skip$
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "l" }
{ "u" }
if$
change.case$
}
if$
note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ "t" change.case$ }
if$
"title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"\enquote{" swap$ *
non.stop
{ ",} " * }
{ "} " * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {end.quote.title}
{ title empty$
'skip$
{ before.all 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION {end.quote.btitle}
{ booktitle empty$
'skip$
{ editor empty$
{ before.all 'output.state := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in
" " * }
FUNCTION {format.date}
{
""
duplicate$ empty$
year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ 'skip$
{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
if$
*
}
{ swap$ 'skip$
{
swap$
" " * swap$
}
if$
*
}
if$
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{
before.all 'output.state :=
" (" swap$ * ")" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
emphasize
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
"volume" bibinfo.check * *
series "series" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ series empty$
{ number "number" bibinfo.check }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ bbl.number }
{ bbl.number capitalize }
if$
number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
bbl.in space.word *
series "series" bibinfo.check *
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}
FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}
FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" = s "1" = or
{ bbl.first 't := }
{ s "second" = s "2" = or
{ bbl.second 't := }
{ s "third" = s "3" = or
{ bbl.third 't := }
{ s "fourth" = s "4" = or
{ bbl.fourth 't := }
{ s "fifth" = s "5" = or
{ bbl.fifth 't := }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ s eng.ord 't := }
{ edition 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
t
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
convert.edition
output.state mid.sentence =
{ "l" }
{ "t" }
if$ change.case$
"edition" bibinfo.check
" " * bbl.edition *
}
if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.page.check
{
bbl.pages swap$
n.dashify
}
{
bbl.page swap$
}
if$
tie.or.space.prefix
"pages" bibinfo.check
* *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ pop$ format.pages }
{
", " *
swap$
n.dashify
"pages" bibinfo.check
*
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
", " *
}
if$
swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"volume" bibinfo.check
}
if$
bolden
eid empty$
{ format.journal.pages }
{ format.journal.eid }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
'format.pages
{ type empty$
{ bbl.chapter }
{ type "l" change.case$
"type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
chapter tie.or.space.prefix
"chapter" bibinfo.check
* *
pages empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {bt.enquote}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ "\enquote{" swap$ *
non.stop
{ ",} " * }
{ "}, " * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
bt.enquote
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ ", " swap$ * * }
if$
editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{
get.bbl.editor
swap$ "," *
" " * swap$ *
swap$
"," *
" " * swap$
* }
if$
word.in swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
and and and and and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
{ swap$ pop$
"t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
type duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ bbl.techrep }
'skip$
if$
"type" bibinfo.check
swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "t" change.case$ }
{ tie.or.space.prefix * * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
key duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
journal duplicate$ empty$
{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
{ "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
if$
}
{ word.in swap$ * " " *}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
"editor" bibinfo.check
editor num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$
"editor" bibinfo.check
" " * bbl.etal
emphasize
*
}
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{
"editor" bibinfo.check
" " * bbl.etal
emphasize
*
}
{
bbl.and space.word
* editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
"editor" bibinfo.check
*
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
pop$ word.in
}
{ bbl.volume
swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
}
if$
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ series empty$
{ "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
"" *
}
{ series emphasize * }
if$
}
{ key * }
if$
}
{ format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
{ "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
}
{ word.in swap$ * }
if$
}
{ word.in key * " " *}
if$
}
{ word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
""
year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
address empty$ t empty$ and
year empty$ and
'skip$
{
add.blank "(" *
t empty$
{ address "address" bibinfo.check *
}
{ t *
address empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
if$
}
if$
year empty$
'skip$
{ t empty$ address empty$ and
'skip$
{ ", " * }
if$
year "year" bibinfo.check
*
}
if$
")" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}
FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
end.quote.title
crossref missing$
{
journal
"journal" bibinfo.check
"journal" output.check
add.blank
format.vol.num.pages output
format.date "year" output.check
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
}
{
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
format.date "year" output.check
}
if$
format.edition output
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
format.title "title" output.check
end.quote.title
howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date output
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{
format.publisher.address output
format.bvolume output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
format.number.series output
}
{
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
format.date "year" output.check
}
if$
format.edition output
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
end.quote.title
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
end.quote.btitle
format.publisher.address output
format.number.series output
format.chapter.pages output
format.edition output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
end.quote.title
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
end.quote.btitle
publisher empty$
{ format.organization.address output }
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.pages output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
}
if$
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
author empty$
{ organization empty$
{
address "address" bibinfo.check output
}
'skip$
if$
}
{
organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
}
if$
format.edition output
format.date output
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title
"title" output.check
end.quote.title
bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.check
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
format.title output
end.quote.title
howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.date output
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
empty.misc.check
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title
"title" output.check
end.quote.title
bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.check
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
editor empty$
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
}
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
editor empty$
{ publisher empty$
'skip$
{
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
}
{ publisher empty$
{
format.organization.address output }
{
organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
}
if$
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title
"title" output.check
end.quote.title
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.check
new.sentence
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
end.quote.title
format.date output
new.sentence
format.note "note" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
STRINGS { longest.label }
INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
#1 'number.label :=
#0 'longest.label.width :=
}
FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
label width$ longest.label.width >
{ label 'longest.label :=
label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
}
'skip$
if$
}
EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{``#1''}"
write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `osajnl2.bst'.
radio_av.png — binary, 3061 KB
ros_rgb.jpg — binary, 697 KB
rosette_data_bands.png — binary, 89 KB
speculation.tex · 2 KB
\section{Dust}
This is an example of how to continue a chapter with additional sections by
using addtional files.
In order to determine the temperature of the dust in these regions,
the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) must be fitted to a thermal
emission curve. The fitting function we used is based on an optically
thin modified blackbody. A true black body absorbs all incident
radiation and emits thermal continuum according to the
Planck function \cite{irwin2007}.
\begin{equation}
B_{\nu}(T) = \frac{2h\nu^3}{c^2} \frac{1}{e^{\frac{h\nu}{kT}}-1}
\end{equation}
\noindent However, dust does not behave like a true black body,
as some radiation is reflected. As a result, a modified black body
curve is used to account for these effects.
A detailed understanding of dust emission and absorption requires accounting
for a diversity of factors including composition and grain size. To get a
general idea of dust temperature, however, we can utilize a generic fitting
function used by the Planck consortium.
\begin{equation}
I_{\nu} = \tau_{\nu_0} \cdot (\frac{\nu}{\nu_0})^{\beta} \cdot B_{\nu}(T)
\end{equation}
\noindent Here, I$_{\nu}$, $\tau_{\nu_0}$ is the optical depth at frequency
$\nu_0$, $\beta$ is the spectral emissivity index, and B$_{\nu}$(T) is the
Planck function \cite{planck2011thermal}. In keeping with assumptions from
Planck studies for generic dust clouds, a spectral emissivity index value of
$\beta$ = 1.5 was adopted for all wavelengths greater than 250 $\mu$m and
$\beta$ was taken to be unity below this wavelength. These are typical
assumptions based on extragalactic surveys \cite{planck2015}.
ulthesis.cls · 16 KB
% FILE: ulthesis.cls
% AUTHOR: John Kielkopf
%
% Contributors: Jeremy Huber, Elija Jensen, Biswas Diptaparna
%
%
% Built on the memoir style with the additions derived from
% ukthesis.cls file written by Erik Stokes and dated 2015
%
% USAGE: To meet the formatting requirements for the
% University of Louisville School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies
%
% VERSION: 6.2 (May 15, 2025)
%
% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%
% CHANGE LOG:
% 2018-01-06
% Started with Jeremy Huber's version 5.0 from a UK dissertation
% Replaced instances of UK with UL
% Moved frontmatter order to UL preferred order
% Customized frontmatter
% Cleaned code to remove unused components
% Created new abstract environment
% Formatted chapter style
% Added options in sample dissertation.tex to yield correct formatting
%
% 2018-06-26
% Corrections to meet SIGS style review for Elijah Jensen
%
% 2018-09-19
% Additional adjustments to meet final submission SIGS review
% Used Elijah Jensen's dissertation as a template for examples
%
% 2022-08-07
% Changes needed by Biswas Diptaparna for SIGS approval
%
% 2023-05-26
% Corrections to the main file and clarifying examples added.
%
% 2025-05-15
% Added \setsecnumdepth{subsubsection} to retain numbering
% This is an option in the memoir class
% It can be commented out in the ulthesis.cls file
\def\fileversion{v6.0.0}
\def\filedate{2018/09/19}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{ulthesis}[\filedate\space\fileversion\space UL thesis class]
\newif\if@draft
\newif\if@pretty\@prettyfalse%use nice formatting instead of the grad schools
%requirements
\newif\if@sigs\@sigstrue%include names on the sig lines
%\newif\if@nofigures
\DeclareOption{nosignatures}{\@sigsfalse}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\PassOptionsToClass{12pt}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\PassOptionsToClass{10pt}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{draft}{\@drafttrue\PassOptionsToClass{draft}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{pretty}{\@prettytrue}
\DeclareOption{final}{\@prettyfalse\@sigstrue\PassOptionsToClass{final,oneside,12pt}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\PassOptionsToClass{twoside}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\PassOptionsToClass{oneside}{memoir}}
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{\ClassWarning{ulthesis}{Option 'a4paper' is
not available. Defaulting to US letter paper}}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{memoir}}
\ExecuteOptions{12pt}
\ProcessOptions\relax
%Use the memoir class as the foundation and modify as needed
\LoadClass{memoir}
% Optionally number the subsections
% Comment this out to leave them unnumbered, or drop the level to subsubsection
\setsecnumdepth{subsubsection}
\RequirePackage{calc}
%\RequirePackage{fullpage}
%% \RequirePackage{xspace}
%% \RequirePackage{enumerate}
%% \RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
% A command for optional typesetting
\newcommand{\pretty}[1]{}
\if@pretty\renewcommand{\pretty}[1]{#1}\fi
% Set the margins
%\RequirePackage[left=1.5in,right=1.0625in,top=1in,bottom=1in,footskip=0.5in]{geometry}
%\settrimmedsize{\stockheight}{\stockwidth}{*}
\settrims{0in}{0in}
\setstocksize{11in}{8.5in}
\setlrmarginsandblock{1.5in}{1in}{*}
\setulmarginsandblock{1in}{1in}{*}
%\setlength{\evensidemargin}{\oddsidemargin}
\setheaderspaces{*}{\baselineskip}{*}
\newlength{\@extrafootskip}
\settoheight{\@extrafootskip}{1}
\setheadfoot{.5in}{.5in}%-\@extrafootskip}
\setmarginnotes{10pt}{1in}{1ex}
\checkandfixthelayout
% These lengths control the positioning of title page elements relative
% to the margins. Change these if the spec changes.
% Approval page
\newlength{\@aptitleskip}\setlength{\@aptitleskip}{3in}%skip this far
%before the title
\newlength{\@aptitleheight}\setlength{\@aptitleheight}{1in}%you have
%this much space for the title
\newlength{\@apbottomskip}\setlength{\@apbottomskip}{4in} %skip after
%the signature line
% Title page
\newlength{\@titletopskip}\setlength{\@titletopskip}{2.in}
\newlength{\@titlebottomskip}\setlength{\@titlebottomskip}{2.in}
\newlength{\@titlelineskip}\setlength{\@titlelineskip}{2.5in}
\newlength{\@titlelinewidth}\setlength{\@titlelinewidth}{.8\linewidth}
\newlength{\@titletitleheight}\setlength{\@titletitleheight}{\@titlelineskip}
% Modify the above lengths to account for the margins
\newlength{\@topmatter}%\setlength{\@topmatter}{0in}
\newlength{\@bottommatter}\setlength{\@bottommatter}{0in}
\setlength{\@topmatter}{\uppermargin}
%\addtolength{\@topmatter}{\topmargin}
%\addtolength{\@topmatter}{\topsep}
%\addtolength{\@topmatter}{\headheight}
\addtolength{\@topmatter}{\headsep}
%\addtolength{\@topmatter}{1in}%the origin is 1in down
\addtolength{\@bottommatter}{\lowermargin}
%\addtolength{\@bottommatter}{\footskip}
% Set the lengths correctly for the approval page
\addtolength{\@aptitleskip}{-\@topmatter}
\addtolength{\@apbottomskip}{-\@bottommatter}
% Set lengths for the title page
\addtolength{\@titletitleheight}{-\@titletopskip}%gives 1.5in for title
\addtolength{\@titletopskip}{-\@topmatter}
\addtolength{\@titlebottomskip}{-\@bottommatter}
\addtolength{\@titlebottomskip}{-.75\baselineskip}
% Set dedication lengths
\newlength{\@dedicationskip}\setlength{\@dedicationskip}{4in}
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% Renew \maketitle and related commands
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\renewcommand{\@theauthor}{#1}
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\newcommand{\@thedissertationdegree}{}
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\newcommand{\makeapprovalpage}{
\thispagestyle{plain}
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pdfbookmark[0]{Approval Page}{approvalpage}
\begin{center}
\rule{0in}{\@titletopskip+.75\baselineskip}
%\vspace{-2\parskip}
\par\noindent
\parbox[c][\@titletitleheight][t]{\linewidth}{
\begin{center}
\vspace{-.75\baselineskip}
\@thetitle
\end{center}
}
\par\noindent
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\vspace{8ex}
By \\
\vspace{4ex}
\@theauthor \\
\@theauthordegree
\end{center}
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\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
Dissertation approved on
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\@theapprovaldate
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
by the following dissertation Committee:
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\vspace{4ex}
\rule{20em}{0.25ex} \\
% Dissertation Director \\
\@theadvisor \\
\vspace{4ex}
\rule{20em}{0.25ex} \\
\@thefirstmember \\
\vspace{4ex}
\rule{20em}{0.25ex} \\
\@thesecondmember \\
\vspace{4ex}
\rule{20em}{0.25ex} \\
\@thethirdmember
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\@titlebottomskip}
\end{center}
\newpage
}
\newcommand{\maketitlepage}{
\thispagestyle{empty}
\pdfbookmark[0]{Title Page}{titlepage}
\begin{center}
\rule{0in}{\@titletopskip+.75\baselineskip}
%\vspace{-2\parskip}
\par\noindent
\parbox[c][\@titletitleheight][t]{\linewidth}{
\begin{center}
\vspace{-.75\baselineskip}
\@thetitle
\end{center}
}
\par\noindent
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\hspace{1em}\\
\hspace{1em}\\
By \\
\@theauthor \\
\@theauthordegree
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
A Dissertation \\
Submitted to the Faculty of the \\
\@theschool of the University of Louisville \\
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements \\
for the Degree of
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\@thedissertationdegree \\
in \@thedissertationdiscipline
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\@thedepartment \\
University of Louisville \\
Louisville, Kentucky
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\parskip}
\parbox[c][][t]{\@titlelinewidth}{
\begin{center}
\@thedissertationdate
\end{center}
}
\vspace{\@titlebottomskip}
\end{center}
\newpage
}
\newcommand{\makecopyrightpage}{
\thispagestyle{empty}
\rule{0in}{\@titletopskip}
\begin{center}
Copyright \@theyear \/ by \@theauthor
\end{center}
\vspace{\parskip}
\begin{center}
All rights reserved
\end{center}
\newpage
% add a blank page that is not in the ToC
\thispagestyle{empty}
\rule{0in}{\@titletopskip}
\begin{center}
~ %This page intentionally left blank.
\end{center}
\newpage
}
\newenvironment{epigraph_page}{
\clearpage
\chapterstyle{nonumbers}
\chapter[epigraph]{\textnormal{\normalsize{}}}
%\thispagestyle{plain}
\begin{center}{\textnormal{\normalsize{}}}\end{center}
}{
%\clearpage
\clearpage
}
\newenvironment{dedication}{
\clearpage
%\topmargin = 1in
\chapterstyle{nonumbers}
\chapter*[Dedication]{\textnormal{\normalsize{DEDICATION}}} %do not display in TOC so use *
%\thispagestyle{plain}
%\begin{center}{\textnormal{\normalsize{DEDICATION}}}\end{center}
\begin{DoubleSpace}
}{
%\clearpage
\end{DoubleSpace}
\clearpage
}
\newenvironment{acknowledgments}{
\clearpage
%\topmargin = 1in
\chapterstyle{nonumbers}
\chapter[Acknowledgments]{\textnormal{\normalsize{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}}}
%\thispagestyle{plain}
%\begin{center}{\textnormal{\normalsize{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}}}\end{center}
\begin{DoubleSpace}
}{
%\clearpage
\end{DoubleSpace}
\clearpage
}
\newenvironment{dissertationabstract}{
\clearpage
%\topmargin = 1in
\chapterstyle{nonumbers}
\chapter[Abstract]{\textnormal{\normalsize{ABSTRACT}}}
\begin{center}
\@thetitle \\
\@theauthor \\
\@theapprovaldate
\end{center}
%\thispagestyle{plain}
\begin{DoubleSpace}
}{
%\clearpage
\end{DoubleSpace}
\clearpage
}
% Required front matter included here will not have page numbers
\if@pretty\relax\else
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{
\begin{titlingpage}
\maketitlepage
\makecopyrightpage
\makeapprovalpage
\end{titlingpage}
\setcounter{page}{3}
%\pagestyle{plain}
}
\fi
% Customize list of tables
\renewcommand{\listtablename}{List of Tables}
%\renewcommand{\lotheadstart}{}
% Add space above lot title
\renewcommand{\lotheadstart}{\vspace*{1in}}
\renewcommand{\printlottitle}[1]{\hfill\normalsize\MakeUppercase{{\normalfont{#1}}}\hfill}
% Customize list of figures
\if@pretty\relax\else
\renewcommand{\listfigurename}{List of Figures}
%\renewcommand{\lofheadstart}{}
% Add space above the lof title
\renewcommand{\lofheadstart}{\vspace*{1in}}
\renewcommand{\printloftitle}[1]{\hfill\normalsize{\MakeUppercase{\normalfont{#1}}}\hfill}
% Customize table of contents
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
% \renewcommand{\tocheadstart}{}
% Add space above toc title
\renewcommand{\tocheadstart}{\vspace*{1in}}
% This line controls what is printed at the top of the toc
\renewcommand{\printtoctitle}[1]{\hfill\normalsize\MakeUppercase{{\normalfont{#1}}}\hfill}
% Set to have no title at the top of the toc by inserting blank space
% \renewcommand{\printtoctitle}[1]{\hfill\normalsize\MakeUppercase{{\normalfont{\hspace{1em}}}}\hfill}
\renewcommand{\cftchapterpagefont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\cftchapterfont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\cftpartfont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\cftpartpagefont}{\normalfont}
%\renewcommand{\changetocdepth}[1]{}
% Add the word chapter to the toc
%\renewcommand{\cftchapterpresnum}{Chapter\ }
% Gobble chapter number in ToC
\renewcommand{\chapternumberline}[1]{}
\newlength{\toctemp}
\settowidth{\toctemp}{\cftchapterpresnum}
\addtolength{\cftchapternumwidth}{\toctemp}
% Add dots to the chapter lines
\renewcommand{\cftdot}{.}
\renewcommand{\cftchapterleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftsectiondotsep}}
\renewcommand{\cftpartleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}}
\fi
% Customize the header and footer styles
\if@pretty\relax\else\pagestyle{plain}\fi
% Customize the chapter styles
\makechapterstyle{small}{%
\renewcommand{\printchaptername}{\normalfont\bfseries Chapter}
\renewcommand{\chapnumfont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\chapnamefont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\printchapternum}{\normalfont \thechapter\space} %removed \bfseries
\renewcommand{\afterchapternum}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\printchaptertitle}[1]{\normalfont ##1} %removed \bfseries
\setlength{\beforechapskip}{0.75in}
}
\makechapterstyle{nonumbers}{
\renewcommand{\printchaptername}{}
\renewcommand{\chapnumfont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\chapnamefont}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\printchapternum}{}
\renewcommand{\afterchapternum}{\normalfont}
\renewcommand{\printchaptertitle}[1]{\begin{center}##1\end{center}}
\setlength{\beforechapskip}{0.75in}
}
\makechapterstyle{ult}{%
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
\renewcommand{\chapnumfont}{\normalfont} %removed bfseries
\renewcommand{\chapnamefont}{\normalfont} %removed bfseries
\renewcommand{\printchaptername}{\begin{center}\chapnamefont CHAPTER}
\renewcommand{\printchapternum}{\chapnumfont\thechapter\space}
\renewcommand{\afterchapternum}{\normalfont\end{center}}
\renewcommand{\printchaptertitle}[1]{\normalfont\begin{center}\uppercase{##1}\end{center}} %removed \bfseries
\setlength{\beforechapskip}{0.75in}
}
% Select the default styles
\if@pretty\relax\else
\chapterstyle{ult}
\setsecheadstyle{\bfseries}
\setsubsecheadstyle{\bfseries}
\setsubsubsecheadstyle{\bfseries}
\linespread{1.6} %select double spaced text per UofL SIGS
\fi
% Change default bibliography name to references in toc and as title on first page
\renewcommand{\bibname}{REFERENCES}
vita.tex · 676 B
\begin{center}
\large
Your Name Here
\end{center}
\bigskip
% Use \section*{} to suppress from the table of contents
\section*{Education}
Ph.D., University of, Location, ST, Month Year ... \\ \\
M.S. , University of, Location, ST, Month Year ...\\ \\
B.S. University of, Location, ST, Month Year ...
\section*{Professional Positions}
Visiting Assistant Professor of ..., dates \\ \\
Graduate Research Assistant in ..., dates \\ \\
Ohter positions ...
\section*{Honors and Awards}
List professional or other awards and honors you want to have recorded forever.
\section*{Publications and Presentations}
List papers and other works preceding this dissertation
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