Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
RAA's own macro package: the raa class in its referee (submission) layout, the journal's bibliography style, and the two sample papers the journal ships, with figures, tables and an author-year reference list.
Create an account to use this
- Category
- Journal
- Document class
raa(raa.cls) — ships with TeX Live- Workflow
- Journal manuscript — submissions and revision rounds
- Author
- Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
- Source
- Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
- Licence
- No licence is stated in the files. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences) distributes them for authors preparing a submission.
These are the publisher’s own files. This project starts from Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences)’s package for this publication — their manuscript, their raa.cls, their bibliography style — so what compiles here is what they would have given you.
Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences) serves this exact file to Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics and 1 other title. Check Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences)’s author pages for the current instructions.
What you get
bibtex.bib· 31 KBf1-eps-converted-to.pdf· 9 KBf1.eps· 33 KBf1.pdf· 11 KBf2-eps-converted-to.pdf· 12 KBf2.eps· 43 KBf2.pdf· 12 KBraa.bst· 23 KBraa.cls· 67 KBsample.tex— the file that is compiled · 13 KBsample2.tex· 21 KBsample2_fig1-eps-converted-to.pdf· 2 KBsample2_fig1.eps· 101 KBsample2_fig1.pdf· 53 KBsample2_fig2.pdf· 129 KBsample2_fig2.png· 362 KB
These become your files. Editing them afterwards changes your project and nothing else — a project owns its files from the moment it is made.
Journals using this template
Source
bibtex.bib · 31 KB
@ARTICLE{Abazajian+etal+2009,
author = {{Abazajian}, K.~N. and {Adelman-McCarthy}, J.~K. and {Ag{\"u}eros}, M.~A. and
{Allam}, S.~S. and {Allende Prieto}, C. and {An}, D. and {Anderson}, K.~S.~J. and
{Anderson}, S.~F. and {Annis}, J. and {Bahcall}, N.~A. and et al.},
title = "{The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey}",
journal = {\apjs},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0812.0649},
keywords = {atlases, catalogs, surveys},
year = 2009,
month = jun,
volume = 182,
eid = {543},
pages = {543-558},
doi = {10.1088/0067-0049/182/2/543},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJS..182..543A},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Boroson+Green+1992,
author = {{Boroson}, T.~A. and {Green}, R.~F.},
title = "{The emission-line properties of low-redshift quasi-stellar objects}",
journal = {\apjs},
keywords = {EMISSION SPECTRA, LINE SPECTRA, QUASARS, SEYFERT GALAXIES, ASTRONOMICAL SPECTROSCOPY, COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS, PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS, RED SHIFT, SKY SURVEYS (ASTRONOMY)},
year = 1992,
month = may,
volume = 80,
pages = {109-135},
doi = {10.1086/191661},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJS...80..109B},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Boyle+etal+2000,
author = {{Boyle}, B.~J. and {Shanks}, T. and {Croom}, S.~M. and {Smith}, R.~J. and
{Miller}, L. and {Loaring}, N. and {Heymans}, C.},
title = "{The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - I. The optical luminosity function of quasi-stellar objects}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0005368},
keywords = {METHODS: DATA ANALYSIS, SURVEYS, GALAXIES: ACTIVE, GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS, QUASARS: GENERAL, COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS},
year = 2000,
month = oct,
volume = 317,
pages = {1014-1022},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03730.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000MNRAS.317.1014B},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Casali+etal+2007,
author = {{Casali}, M. and {Adamson}, A. and {Alves de Oliveira}, C. and
{Almaini}, O. and {Burch}, K. and {Chuter}, T. and {Elliot}, J. and
{Folger}, M. and {Foucaud}, S. and {Hambly}, N. and {Hastie}, M. and
{Henry}, D. and {Hirst}, P. and {Irwin}, M. and {Ives}, D. and
{Lawrence}, A. and {Laidlaw}, K. and {Lee}, D. and {Lewis}, J. and
{Lunney}, D. and {McLay}, S. and {Montgomery}, D. and {Pickup}, A. and
{Read}, M. and {Rees}, N. and {Robson}, I. and {Sekiguchi}, K. and
{Vick}, A. and {Warren}, S. and {Woodward}, B.},
title = "{The UKIRT wide-field camera}",
journal = {\aap},
keywords = {instrumentation: miscellaneous, infrared: general},
year = 2007,
month = may,
volume = 467,
pages = {777-784},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20066514},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...467..777C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Chiu+etal+2007,
author = {{Chiu}, K. and {Richards}, G.~T. and {Hewett}, P.~C. and {Maddox}, N.
},
title = "{The optical and near-infrared properties of 2837 quasars in the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Infrared Deep Sky Survey}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0612608},
keywords = {catalogues, surveys, quasars: emission lines, quasars: general},
year = 2007,
month = mar,
volume = 375,
pages = {1180-1188},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11423.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MNRAS.375.1180C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Constantin+etal+2002,
author = {{Constantin}, A. and {Shields}, J.~C. and {Hamann}, F. and {Foltz}, C.~B. and
{Chaffee}, F.~H.},
title = "{Emission-Line Properties of z{\gt}4 Quasars}",
journal = {\apj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0109328},
keywords = {Galaxies: Abundances, Galaxies: Evolution, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines},
year = 2002,
month = jan,
volume = 565,
pages = {50-62},
doi = {10.1086/324395},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ApJ...565...50C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Croom+etal+2004,
author = {{Croom}, S.~M. and {Smith}, R.~J. and {Boyle}, B.~J. and {Shanks}, T. and
{Miller}, L. and {Outram}, P.~J. and {Loaring}, N.~S.},
title = "{The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - XII. The spectroscopic catalogue and luminosity function}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0403040},
keywords = {catalogues, surveys, white dwarfs, galaxies: active, quasars: general, galaxies: Seyfert},
year = 2004,
month = apr,
volume = 349,
pages = {1397-1418},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07619.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MNRAS.349.1397C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Fan+etal+2001a,
author = {{Fan}, X. and {Strauss}, M.~A. and {Schneider}, D.~P. and {Gunn}, J.~E. and
{Lupton}, R.~H. and {Becker}, R.~H. and {Davis}, M. and {Newman}, J.~A. and
{Richards}, G.~T. and {White}, R.~L. and {Anderson}, Jr., J.~E. and
{Annis}, J. and {Bahcall}, N.~A. and {Brunner}, R.~J. and {Csabai}, I. and
{Hennessy}, G.~S. and {Hindsley}, R.~B. and {Fukugita}, M. and
{Kunszt}, P.~Z. and {Ivezi{\'c}}, {\v Z}. and {Knapp}, G.~R. and
{McKay}, T.~A. and {Munn}, J.~A. and {Pier}, J.~R. and {Szalay}, A.~S. and
{York}, D.~G.},
title = "{High-Redshift Quasars Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data. IV. Luminosity Function from the Fall Equatorial Stripe Sample}",
journal = {\aj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0008123},
keywords = {Galaxies: Luminosity Function, Mass Function, Galaxies: Quasars: General, Surveys},
year = 2001,
month = jan,
volume = 121,
pages = {54-65},
doi = {10.1086/318033},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AJ....121...54F},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Fan+etal+2001b,
author = {{Fan}, X. and {Narayanan}, V.~K. and {Lupton}, R.~H. and {Strauss}, M.~A. and
{Knapp}, G.~R. and {Becker}, R.~H. and {White}, R.~L. and {Pentericci}, L. and
{Leggett}, S.~K. and {Haiman}, Z. and {Gunn}, J.~E. and {Ivezi{\'c}}, {\v Z}. and
{Schneider}, D.~P. and {Anderson}, S.~F. and {Brinkmann}, J. and
{Bahcall}, N.~A. and {Connolly}, A.~J. and {Csabai}, I. and
{Doi}, M. and {Fukugita}, M. and {Geballe}, T. and {Grebel}, E.~K. and
{Harbeck}, D. and {Hennessy}, G. and {Lamb}, D.~Q. and {Miknaitis}, G. and
{Munn}, J.~A. and {Nichol}, R. and {Okamura}, S. and {Pier}, J.~R. and
{Prada}, F. and {Richards}, G.~T. and {Szalay}, A. and {York}, D.~G.
},
title = "{A Survey of z{\gt}5.8 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Discovery of Three New Quasars and the Spatial Density of Luminous Quasars at z\~{}6}",
journal = {\aj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0108063},
keywords = {Galaxies: Intergalactic Medium, Galaxies: Quasars: Absorption Lines, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines, Galaxies: Quasars: General},
year = 2001,
month = dec,
volume = 122,
pages = {2833-2849},
doi = {10.1086/324111},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AJ....122.2833F},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Hambly+etal+2008,
author = {{Hambly}, N.~C. and {Collins}, R.~S. and {Cross}, N.~J.~G. and
{Mann}, R.~G. and {Read}, M.~A. and {Sutorius}, E.~T.~W. and
{Bond}, I. and {Bryant}, J. and {Emerson}, J.~P. and {Lawrence}, A. and
{Rimoldini}, L. and {Stewart}, J.~M. and {Williams}, P.~M. and
{Adamson}, A. and {Hirst}, P. and {Dye}, S. and {Warren}, S.~J.
},
title = "{The WFCAM Science Archive}",
journal = {\mnras},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0711.3593},
keywords = {astronomical data bases: miscellaneous , surveys , stars: general , galaxies: general , cosmology: observations , infrared: general},
year = 2008,
month = feb,
volume = 384,
pages = {637-662},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12700.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MNRAS.384..637H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Hewett+etal+2006,
author = {{Hewett}, P.~C. and {Warren}, S.~J. and {Leggett}, S.~K. and
{Hodgkin}, S.~T.},
title = "{The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey ZY JHK photometric system: passbands and synthetic colours}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0601592},
keywords = {surveys, infrared: general},
year = 2006,
month = apr,
volume = 367,
pages = {454-468},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09969.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.367..454H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Hu+etal+2008,
author = {{Hu}, C. and {Wang}, J.-M. and {Ho}, L.~C. and {Chen}, Y.-M. and
{Zhang}, H.-T. and {Bian}, W.-H. and {Xue}, S.-J.},
title = "{A Systematic Analysis of Fe II Emission in Quasars: Evidence for Inflow to the Central Black Hole}",
journal = {\apj},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0807.2059},
keywords = {Galaxies: Nuclei, Line: Profiles, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines, Galaxies: Quasars: General, Galaxies: Seyfert},
year = 2008,
month = nov,
volume = 687,
pages = {78-96},
doi = {10.1086/591838},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...687...78H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Kong+etal+2006,
author = {{Kong}, M.-Z. and {Wu}, X.-B. and {Wang}, R. and {Han}, J.-L.
},
title = "{Estimating Black Hole Masses of AGNs using Ultraviolet Emission Line Properties}",
journal = {\cjaa},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0512609},
year = 2006,
month = aug,
volume = 6,
pages = {396-410},
doi = {10.1088/1009-9271/6/4/02},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ChJAA...6..396K},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Lawrence+etal+2007,
author = {{Lawrence}, A. and {Warren}, S.~J. and {Almaini}, O. and {Edge}, A.~C. and
{Hambly}, N.~C. and {Jameson}, R.~F. and {Lucas}, P. and {Casali}, M. and
{Adamson}, A. and {Dye}, S. and {Emerson}, J.~P. and {Foucaud}, S. and
{Hewett}, P. and {Hirst}, P. and {Hodgkin}, S.~T. and {Irwin}, M.~J. and
{Lodieu}, N. and {McMahon}, R.~G. and {Simpson}, C. and {Smail}, I. and
{Mortlock}, D. and {Folger}, M.},
title = "{The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0604426},
keywords = {surveys, infrared: general},
year = 2007,
month = aug,
volume = 379,
pages = {1599-1617},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12040.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MNRAS.379.1599L},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Maddox+etal+2008,
author = {{Maddox}, N. and {Hewett}, P.~C. and {Warren}, S.~J. and {Croom}, S.~M.
},
title = "{Luminous K-band selected quasars from UKIDSS}",
journal = {\mnras},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0802.3650},
keywords = {surveys , quasars: general , infrared: general},
year = 2008,
month = may,
volume = 386,
pages = {1605-1624},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13138.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MNRAS.386.1605M},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Markwardt+2009,
author = {{Markwardt}, C.~B.},
title = "{Non-linear Least-squares Fitting in IDL with MPFIT}",
booktitle = {Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XVIII},
year = 2009,
series = {Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series},
volume = 411,
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0902.2850},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.IM",
editor = {{Bohlender}, D.~A. and {Durand}, D. and {Dowler}, P.},
month = sep,
pages = {251},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ASPC..411..251M},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Richards+etal+2002,
author = {{Richards}, G.~T. and {Fan}, X. and {Newberg}, H.~J. and {Strauss}, M.~A. and
{Vanden Berk}, D.~E. and {Schneider}, D.~P. and {Yanny}, B. and
{Boucher}, A. and {Burles}, S. and {Frieman}, J.~A. and {Gunn}, J.~E. and
{Hall}, P.~B. and {Ivezi{\'c}}, {\v Z}. and {Kent}, S. and {Loveday}, J. and
{Lupton}, R.~H. and {Rockosi}, C.~M. and {Schlegel}, D.~J. and
{Stoughton}, C. and {SubbaRao}, M. and {York}, D.~G.},
title = "{Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Quasar Sample}",
journal = {\aj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0202251},
keywords = {Galaxies: Quasars: General, Surveys},
year = 2002,
month = jun,
volume = 123,
pages = {2945-2975},
doi = {10.1086/340187},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AJ....123.2945R},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Richards+etal+2009,
author = {{Richards}, G.~T. and {Myers}, A.~D. and {Gray}, A.~G. and {Riegel}, R.~N. and
{Nichol}, R.~C. and {Brunner}, R.~J. and {Szalay}, A.~S. and
{Schneider}, D.~P. and {Anderson}, S.~F.},
title = "{Efficient Photometric Selection of Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. \~{}1,000,000 Quasars from Data Release 6}",
journal = {\apjs},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0809.3952},
keywords = {catalogs, quasars: general},
year = 2009,
month = jan,
volume = 180,
pages = {67-83},
doi = {10.1088/0067-0049/180/1/67},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJS..180...67R},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Schmidt+1963,
author = {{Schmidt}, M.},
title = "{3C 273 : A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift}",
journal = {\nat},
year = 1963,
month = mar,
volume = 197,
pages = {1040},
doi = {10.1038/1971040a0},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963Natur.197.1040S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Schneider+etal+2010,
author = {{Schneider}, D.~P. and {Richards}, G.~T. and {Hall}, P.~B. and
{Strauss}, M.~A. and {Anderson}, S.~F. and {Boroson}, T.~A. and
{Ross}, N.~P. and {Shen}, Y. and {Brandt}, W.~N. and {Fan}, X. and
{Inada}, N. and {Jester}, S. and {Knapp}, G.~R. and {Krawczyk}, C.~M. and
{Thakar}, A.~R. and {Vanden Berk}, D.~E. and {Voges}, W. and
{Yanny}, B. and {York}, D.~G. and {Bahcall}, N.~A. and {Bizyaev}, D. and
{Blanton}, M.~R. and {Brewington}, H. and {Brinkmann}, J. and
{Eisenstein}, D. and {Frieman}, J.~A. and {Fukugita}, M. and
{Gray}, J. and {Gunn}, J.~E. and {Hibon}, P. and {Ivezi{\'c}}, {\v Z}. and
{Kent}, S.~M. and {Kron}, R.~G. and {Lee}, M.~G. and {Lupton}, R.~H. and
{Malanushenko}, E. and {Malanushenko}, V. and {Oravetz}, D. and
{Pan}, K. and {Pier}, J.~R. and {Price}, T.~N. and {Saxe}, D.~H. and
{Schlegel}, D.~J. and {Simmons}, A. and {Snedden}, S.~A. and
{SubbaRao}, M.~U. and {Szalay}, A.~S. and {Weinberg}, D.~H.},
title = "{The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. V. Seventh Data Release}",
journal = {\aj},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1004.1167},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {catalogs, quasars: general, surveys},
year = 2010,
month = jun,
volume = 139,
pages = {2360-2373},
doi = {10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2360},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AJ....139.2360S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Schlegel+etal+1998,
author = {{Schlegel}, D.~J. and {Finkbeiner}, D.~P. and {Davis}, M.},
title = "{Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds}",
journal = {\apj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/9710327},
keywords = {COSMOLOGY: DIFFUSE RADIATION, COSMOLOGY: COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND, ISM: DUST, EXTINCTION, INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM, INFRARED: ISM: CONTINUUM},
year = 1998,
month = jun,
volume = 500,
pages = {525},
doi = {10.1086/305772},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...500..525S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Smith+etal+1994,
author = {{Smith}, J.~D. and {Djorgovski}, S. and {Thompson}, D. and {Brisken}, W.~F. and
{Neugebauer}, G. and {Matthews}, K. and {Meylan}, G. and {Piotto}, G. and
{Suntzeff}, N.~B.},
title = "{Multicolor detection of high-redshift quasars, 2: Five objects with Z greater than or approximately equal to 4}",
journal = {\aj},
keywords = {ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHY, CARBON, LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION, LYMAN SPECTRA, QUASARS, RED SHIFT, SKY SURVEYS (ASTRONOMY), STELLAR SPECTRA, STELLAR SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMY, VISIBLE SPECTRUM, ABSORPTION SPECTRA, ASTROMETRY, CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, COLOR-COLOR DIAGRAM, SCHMIDT TELESCOPES, SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPES, STELLAR LUMINOSITY},
year = 1994,
month = oct,
volume = 108,
pages = {1147-1155},
doi = {10.1086/117143},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994AJ....108.1147S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Smith+etal+2005,
author = {{Smith}, R.~J. and {Croom}, S.~M. and {Boyle}, B.~J. and {Shanks}, T. and
{Miller}, L. and {Loaring}, N.~S.},
title = "{The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - III. The input catalogue}",
journal = {\mnras},
keywords = {surveys, galaxies: active, quasars: general},
year = 2005,
month = may,
volume = 359,
pages = {57-72},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08870.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.359...57S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Shen+etal+2011,
author = {{Shen}, Y. and {Richards}, G.~T. and {Strauss}, M.~A. and {Hall}, P.~B. and
{Schneider}, D.~P. and {Snedden}, S. and {Bizyaev}, D. and {Brewington}, H. and
{Malanushenko}, V. and {Malanushenko}, E. and {Oravetz}, D. and
{Pan}, K. and {Simmons}, A.},
title = "{A Catalog of Quasar Properties from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7}",
journal = {\apjs},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1006.5178},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {black hole physics, galaxies: active, quasars: general, surveys},
year = 2011,
month = jun,
volume = 194,
eid = {45},
pages = {45},
doi = {10.1088/0067-0049/194/2/45},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJS..194...45S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Su+etal+1998,
author = {{Su}, D.~Q. and {Cui}, X. and {Wang}, Y. and {Yao}, Z.},
title = "{Large-sky-area multiobject fiber spectroscopic telescope (LAMOST) and its key technology}",
booktitle = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
year = 1998,
series = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
volume = 3352,
editor = {{Stepp}, L.~M.},
month = aug,
pages = {76-90},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998SPIE.3352...76S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Tsuzuki+etal+2006,
author = {{Tsuzuki}, Y. and {Kawara}, K. and {Yoshii}, Y. and {Oyabu}, S. and
{Tanab{\'e}}, T. and {Matsuoka}, Y.},
title = "{Fe II Emission in 14 Low-Redshift Quasars. I. Observations}",
journal = {\apj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0606040},
keywords = {Galaxies: Abundances, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: I Zw 1, Methods: Data Analysis, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines},
year = 2006,
month = oct,
volume = 650,
pages = {57-79},
doi = {10.1086/506376},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...650...57T},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Vestergaard+Peterson+2006,
author = {{Vestergaard}, M. and {Peterson}, B.~M.},
title = "{Determining Central Black Hole Masses in Distant Active Galaxies and Quasars. II. Improved Optical and UV Scaling Relationships}",
journal = {\apj},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0601303},
keywords = {Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: Fundamental Parameters, Galaxies: High-Redshift, Galaxies: Seyfert, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines, Ultraviolet: Galaxies},
year = 2006,
month = apr,
volume = 641,
pages = {689-709},
doi = {10.1086/500572},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...641..689V},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Vestergaard+Wilkes+2001,
author = {{Vestergaard}, M. and {Wilkes}, B.~J.},
title = "{An Empirical Ultraviolet Template for Iron Emission in Quasars as Derived from I Zwicky 1}",
journal = {\apjs},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0104320},
keywords = {Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: I Zw 1, Galaxies: Seyfert, Methods: Data Analysis, Galaxies: Quasars: Emission Lines},
year = 2001,
month = may,
volume = 134,
pages = {1-33},
doi = {10.1086/320357},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ApJS..134....1V},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Warren+etal+2000,
author = {{Warren}, S.~J. and {Hewett}, P.~C. and {Foltz}, C.~B.},
title = "{The KX method for producing K-band flux-limited samples of quasars}",
journal = {\mnras},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/9911064},
keywords = {METHODS: OBSERVATIONAL, QUASARS: ABSORPTION LINES, QUASARS: GENERAL, GRAVITATIONAL LENSING, INFRARED: GALAXIES},
year = 2000,
month = mar,
volume = 312,
pages = {827-832},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03206.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000MNRAS.312..827W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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author = {{Wright}, E.~L. and {Eisenhardt}, P.~R.~M. and {Mainzer}, A.~K. and
{Ressler}, M.~E. and {Cutri}, R.~M. and {Jarrett}, T. and {Kirkpatrick}, J.~D. and
{Padgett}, D. and {McMillan}, R.~S. and {Skrutskie}, M. and
{Stanford}, S.~A. and {Cohen}, M. and {Walker}, R.~G. and {Mather}, J.~C. and
{Leisawitz}, D. and {Gautier}, III, T.~N. and {McLean}, I. and
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{Irace}, W.~R. and {Duval}, V. and {Liu}, F. and {Royer}, D. and
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{Walsh}, A.~L. and {Larsen}, M. and {Cardon}, J.~G. and {Schick}, S. and
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{Tsai}, C.-W.},
title = "{The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance}",
journal = {\aj},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1008.0031},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.IM",
keywords = {infrared: general, space vehicles, surveys},
year = 2010,
month = dec,
volume = 140,
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pages = {1868-1881},
doi = {10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1868},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AJ....140.1868W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+etal+2010a,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Chen}, Z.-Y. and {Jia}, Z.-D. and {Zuo}, W.-W. and
{Zhao}, Y.-H. and {Luo}, A.-L. and {Bai}, Z.-R. and {Chen}, J.-J. and
{Zhang}, H.-T. and {Yan}, H.-L. and {Ren}, J.-J. and {Sun}, S.-W. and
{Wu}, H. and {Zhang}, Y. and {Li}, Y.-P. and {Lu}, Q.-S. and
{Wang}, Y. and {Ni}, J.-J. and {Wang}, H. and {Kong}, X. and
{Shen}, S.-Y.},
title = "{A very bright (i = 16.44) quasar in the 'redshift desert' discovered by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)}",
journal = {Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1005.5499},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
year = 2010,
month = aug,
volume = 10,
pages = {737-744},
doi = {10.1088/1674-4527/10/8/003},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010RAA....10..737W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+etal+2010b,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Jia}, Z.-D. and {Chen}, Z.-Y. and {Zuo}, W.-W. and
{Zhao}, Y.-H. and {Luo}, A.-l. and {Bai}, Z.-R. and {Chen}, J.-J. and
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{Wu}, H. and {Zhang}, Y. and {Li}, Y.-P. and {Lu}, Q.-S. and
{Wang}, Y. and {Ni}, J.-J. and {Wang}, H. and {Kong}, X. and
{Shen}, S.-Y.},
title = "{Eight new quasars discovered by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST) in one extragalactic field}",
journal = {Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1006.0143},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
year = 2010,
month = aug,
volume = 10,
pages = {745-752},
doi = {10.1088/1674-4527/10/8/004},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010RAA....10..745W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+2011,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {for the LAMOST Extragalactic Survey Team}},
title = "{LAMOST Quasar Survey}",
journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1111.0738},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics},
year = 2011,
month = nov,
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011arXiv1111.0738W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+etal+2011,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Wang}, R. and {Schmidt}, K.~B. and {Bian}, F. and
{Jiang}, L. and {Fan}, X.},
title = "{Discovering the Missing 2.2 {\lt} z {\lt} 3 Quasars by Combining Optical Variability and Optical/near-infrared Colors}",
journal = {\aj},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1107.0646},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {galaxies: active, quasars: emission lines, quasars: general},
year = 2011,
month = sep,
volume = 142,
eid = {78},
pages = {78},
doi = {10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/78},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....142...78W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+etal+2012,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Hao}, G. and {Jia}, Z. and {Zhang}, Y. and
{Peng}, N.},
title = "{SDSS Quasars in the WISE Preliminary Data Release and Quasar Candidate Selection with Optical/Infrared Colors}",
journal = {\aj},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1204.6197},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {catalogs, galaxies: active, galaxies: photometry, quasars: general, surveys },
year = 2012,
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pages = {49},
doi = {10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/49},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....144...49W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+Jia+2010,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Jia}, Z.},
title = "{Quasar candidate selection and photometric redshift estimation based on SDSS and UKIDSS data}",
journal = {\mnras},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {1004.1756},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
keywords = {catalogues, surveys, quasars: emission lines, quasars: general},
year = 2010,
month = aug,
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pages = {1583-1594},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16807.x},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010MNRAS.406.1583W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@ARTICLE{Wu+etal+2004,
author = {{Wu}, X.-B. and {Zhang}, W. and {Zhou}, X.},
title = "{Color-Redshift Relations and Photometric Redshift Estimations of Quasars in Large Sky Surveys}",
journal = {\cjaa},
eprint = {arXiv:astro-ph/0307418},
keywords = {galaxies: photometry, quasars: general, quasars: emission lines, surveys},
year = 2004,
month = feb,
volume = 4,
pages = {17-27},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ChJAA...4...17W},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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{Castander}, F.~J. and {Chen}, B. and {Colestock}, P.~L. and
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{Frieman}, J.~A. and {Fukugita}, M. and {Gillespie}, B. and
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{Harris}, F.~H. and {Hayes}, J. and {Heckman}, T.~M. and {Hennessy}, G.~S. and
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}
@ARTICLE{Zhao+etal+2012,
author = {{Zhao}, G. and {Zhao}, Y.-H. and {Chu}, Y.-Q. and {Jing}, Y.-P. and
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adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
f1-eps-converted-to.pdf — binary, 9 KB
f1.eps — binary, 33 KB
f1.pdf — binary, 11 KB
f2-eps-converted-to.pdf — binary, 12 KB
f2.eps — binary, 43 KB
f2.pdf — binary, 12 KB
raa.bst · 23 KB
% yahapj.bst -- yet another ApJ bibtex style file
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% Copyright notice: This work is dedicated to the public domain. You
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%
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% README.md in the Git repository from which it was obtained. You can
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{ s nameptr
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{ s nameptr
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nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
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{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
t "others" =
{
" {et~al.}" *
}
{ " \& " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.full.names }
if$
}
{ author format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.full
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.full
'author.key.full
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
%"\bibitem[{" write$
%label write$
%")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
%{ pop$ }
%{ * }
%if$
%"}]{" * write$
"\bibitem[" write$
label write$
")]{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {format.archive}
{ archivePrefix empty$
{ "" }
{ archivePrefix ":" *}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.primaryClass}
{ primaryClass empty$
{ "" }
{ " [" primaryClass * "]" *}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.eprint}
% Only print eprint info if no page info and no booktitle info --
% what we're really going for is print the eprint info only if there's
% no "official" reference info to work with.
{ eprint empty$
pages empty$ not
booktitle empty$ not or or
{ "" }
{ archive empty$
{%"\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/" eprint * "}" *
%"{{\sffamily " * format.archive * "{\color{blue} " * eprint *
%format.primaryClass * "}}}" *
", " * format.archive * eprint * ""% * format.primaryClass
}
{%"\href{" archive * "/" * eprint * "}" *
%"{{\sffamily " *
%format.archive * "{\color{blue} " * eprint *
%format.primaryClass * "}}}" *
", " * format.archive * eprint * "" %* format.primaryClass
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in
" " * }
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
pop$ "????" }
'skip$
if$
extra.label *
before.all 'output.state :=
after.sentence 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ bbl.of space.word * series * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ bbl.number }
{ bbl.number capitalize }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ bbl.in space.word * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}
FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}
FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" = s "1" = or
{ bbl.first 't := }
{ s "second" = s "2" = or
{ bbl.second 't := }
{ s "third" = s "3" = or
{ bbl.third 't := }
{ s "fourth" = s "4" = or
{ bbl.fourth 't := }
{ s "fifth" = s "5" = or
{ bbl.fifth 't := }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ s eng.ord 't := }
{ edition 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
t
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
{ convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
if$
}
if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {string.length}
{ % Copied from "Taming the BeaST", by Nicolas Markey, Fig 4
#1 'work.strlen :=
{ duplicate$ duplicate$ #1 work.strlen substring$ = not }
{ work.strlen #1 + 'work.strlen := }
while$
pop$ work.strlen
}
FUNCTION {first.page}
{ 't :=
""
{ t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
% remove possible trailing plus sign
duplicate$ duplicate$ string.length #1 substring$ "+" =
{ duplicate$ string.length #1 - #1 swap$ substring$ }
{ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages first.page }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ format.pages }
{
", " *
pages first.page *
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
{ "" }
{ type empty$
{ bbl.chapter }
{ type "l" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ word.in booktitle * }
{ word.in booktitle *
", " *
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ bbl.editors }
{ bbl.editor }
if$
* " " *
format.in.editors *
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ bbl.techrep }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
word.in
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
word.in
}
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
bbl.of space.word *
}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
word.in
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher}
{ publisher empty$
{ "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
""
address empty$ publisher empty$ and
'skip$
{
add.blank "(" *
address empty$
'skip$
{ address * }
if$
publisher empty$
'skip$
{ address empty$
'skip$
{ ": " * }
if$
publisher *
}
if$
")" *
}
if$
output
}
STRINGS {oldname}
FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
{ 's :=
oldname empty$
{ s 'oldname := s }
{ s oldname =
{ "---" }
{ s 'oldname := s }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edn.btitle} % Title should be on stack.
{ duplicate$ empty$ edition empty$ or
'skip$
{ ", " * format.edition * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.ed.booktitle} % The title should be on the stack.
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ "no book title in " cite$ * warning$ "" pop$ }
{ editor empty$
author empty$ or % Empty author means editor already given.
'format.edn.btitle
{ format.edn.btitle ", " * bbl.editor * " " * format.in.editors * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.full.book.spec} % The title should be on the stack.
{ series empty$
{ format.ed.booktitle
volume empty$
{ number empty$
'skip$
{ " there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$
" No." number tie.or.space.connect * }
if$
}
{ ", Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *
number empty$
'skip$
{"Both volume and number fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
if$
}
{ volume empty$
{ format.ed.booktitle ", " * series *
number empty$
'skip$
{ " No." number tie.or.space.connect * }
if$
}
{ series ", Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *
", " * swap$ format.ed.booktitle *
number empty$
'skip$
{"Both volume and number fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {maybe.url.link.prepend}
{ % Expects some citation text to be on the stack
url empty$
{ adsurl empty$
{ }
{ "\href{" adsurl * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
{ "\href{" url * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {maybe.doi.link.prepend}
{ % Expects some citation text to be on the stack
%doi empty$
%{}
%{ "\href{http://dx.doi.org/" doi * "}{\color{maroon} " * swap$ * }
%{"{" *}
%if$
}
FUNCTION {maybe.doi.link.end}
{ % Expects some citation text to be on the stack
%doi empty$ url empty$ and
%doi empty$ %and
%{ }
%{ "}" * }
%if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal}
{
journal empty$
{ "" } % warning will be issued by output.check
{ journal }
if$
%maybe.url.link.prepend
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
%maybe.doi.link.prepend
}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
%name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
crossref missing$
{
% format.journal "journal" output.check
%format.vol.num.pages output
eprint empty$
pages empty$ not
booktitle empty$ not or or
{ format.journal "journal" output.check
format.vol.num.pages output }
{format.vol.num.pages output}
if$
}
{ format.article.crossref
%maybe.doi.link.prepend
output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
format.journal.pages
%maybe.doi.link.end
format.eprint output
%eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
name.or.dash
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
name.or.dash
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.date "year" output.check
title format.full.book.spec output
format.publisher
format.pages output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
howpublished output
address output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
name.or.dash
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
name.or.dash
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.date "year" output.check
title format.full.book.spec output
booktitle format.full.book.spec output %added Oct 7 2014
format.publisher
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
bbl.in " " * booktitle format.full.book.spec *
maybe.doi.link.prepend maybe.doi.link.end output
format.publisher
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
format.date "year" output.check
bbl.in " " * booktitle format.full.book.spec *
maybe.doi.link.prepend maybe.doi.link.end output
publisher empty$
{ organization output
address output
}
{ organization output
format.publisher
}
if$
format.pages output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.edition output
organization output
address output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.title output
bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.title output
howpublished output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.title output
bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
editor empty$
{ organization output
organization format.key output }
{ format.editors output }
if$
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
title format.full.book.spec output
publisher empty$ not % No need for warning if no pub.
{ format.publisher }
{ editor empty$ % For empty editor, organization was already given.
'skip$
{ organization output }
if$
address output
}
if$
format.pages output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.title "title" output.check
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" output.check
address output
format.eprint output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
name.or.dash
format.date "year" output.check
format.eprint output
format.note "note" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
s num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$
" {et~al.}" *
}
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{
" {et~al.}" *
}
{ " \& " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
* }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.label
'author.key.label
if$
}
if$
'short.list :=
}
FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
short.list
"("
*
year duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "????" }
'skip$
if$
*
'label :=
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames #8 >
{ s nameptr
"{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
format.name$ 't :=
t sortify *
" " *
"zzzzz" *
}
{ numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
" " *
namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
{ "zzzzz" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
}
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
label sortify
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.label :=
sort.label
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
#0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
label 'last.label :=
}
if$
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
extra.label 'next.extra :=
extra.label
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
if$
'extra.label :=
label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand\JournalTitle[1]{#1}"
write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
raa.cls · 67 KB
67 KB — too long to show here. It arrives with the project.
sample.tex — the file that is compiled · 13 KB
%! Tex program = xelatex
\documentclass[referee]{raa} % referee version: for submission
%% manuscript produces a one-column, double-spaced document
\usepackage{graphicx,times} %for PS/EPS graphics inclusion, new
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}
\usepackage{ctex} % Open if you want also use your Chinese name
\usepackage[pagebackref=true]{hyperref}
\begin{document}
\title{Your paper}
% \subtitle{I. Place Your Subtitle Here}
\volnopage{Vol.0 (202x) No.0, 000--000} %%preserved for Editor. DOn't remove!
\setcounter{page}{1} %%starting page, preserved for Editor. DOn't remove!
\author{Ai-Ying Zhou (ÖÜ°®Ó¢) %% Put your Chinese name in "( )" if you like.
\inst{1,2,*}\footnotetext{$*$Corresponding Authors, these authors contributed equally to this work.}
\and E. Rodr\'{\i}guez
\inst{2,*}
\and B. J. Smith
\inst{3}%\footnotetext{ID: https:/orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0004}
}
%% Here is an example of three authors come from different institutes.
%% For single author or all the authors from an institute, use "\inst{}" only
\institute{National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100101, China; {\it [email protected]}\\
%% Please give the E-mail address of the author, to whom future correspondence
%% requests will be sent.
\and
Full institute address for the second author\\
\and
Full institute address for the third author\\
\vs\no
{\small Received 202x month day; accepted 202x month day}}
\abstract{ This paper reports on the preliminary photometric results of
$\cdots\cdots$
\keywords{techniques: photometric --- stars:
variables: $\delta$ Scuti --- stars: individual: IP Vir, YZ Boo}
}
\authorrunning{A.-Y. Zhou, E. Rodriguez \& B. J. Smith } %author_head in even pages
\titlerunning{Photometry of $\delta$ Sct and Related Stars (I) } % title_head in odd pages
\maketitle
%% The author head (on even pages) and the title head (on odd pages) will be
%% automatically extracted from \author{} and \title{}. Whenever the title is too long,
%% you will be asked to supply a shorter one by inserting either \authorrunning{} or
%% \titlerunning{} before \maketitle. Anyway, you can specify your own heads.
%%
%%
%% Note: In the following text body of your manuscript, please note several differences from
%% other major journals:
%% (1) \subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
%% (2) Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in all tables' captions
%
%________________________________________________ sections below
%
\section{Introduction} %% first-level sections will be auto-capitalized
\label{sect:intro}
In 1996, we started a project to obtain Johnson $V$ and Str\"{o}mgren
$uvby\beta$ photometry for the poorly studied variables of
``pulsational interest''~$\cdots\cdots$.
We used the three-channel high-speed photoelectric photometer designed for
the Whole Earth Telescope campaign
(\citealt{Nather+etal+1990, Jiang+Hu+1998}),
and the four-channel Chevreton photoelectric photometer
(\citealt{Michel+etal+1990, Michel+etal+1992}) dedicated to
the STEPHI (STEllar Photometry International, \citealt{Michel+etal+1992}).
%% Authors can give a citation as 'Michel et al. 1992'.
%% You may also use \cite, \citep and \citet for citation, and use Table~1 or Figure~1
%% and so forth. Using \ref and \label for cross-references of Tables/Figures
%% is a good way in adjusting/adding/removing text, tables or figures.
\section{Observations}
\label{sect:Obs}
The photometry of three $\delta$ Sct stars AD Arietis, IP Virginis and
YZ Bootis was performed from 2000 February 26 to
2001 January 31\footnote{Please note the order: year, month, day}
with the three photometers mounted on the 85-cm telescope at
the Xinglong Station of BAO\footnote{Now NAOC}.
The typical accuracy yielded from magnitude differences between
reference stars is about 0.005\,mag.
The observing log is given in $\cdots\cdots$
\section{Data reduction}
\label{sect:data}
The time-series, i.e. pairs of Heliocentric Julian Day (HJD) versus magnitude,
used for pulsation analysis can be quickly established by using
an external IRAF task (\citealt{Zhou+etal+2001}) $\cdots\cdots$
\subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
\subsubsection{This is a third-level section --- subsubsection}
Some applications of the routines are given in Table~\ref{Tab1}.
\subsection{De-noise in the Lower Frequency Domain}
To reduce the red-noise in the frequency region, we $\cdots\cdots$
%
% one-column-spanning table
%________________________________________ Table 1: Use_of_the routines
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\caption[]{ Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word
in Table's Caption.}\label{Tab1}
%%Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in table's caption
\begin{tabular}{clcl}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
No & Star & Photometer & References \\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
1 & GSC 2683-3076 & CCD & \cite{Zhou+etal+2001} \\ % new variable
2 & IP Vir & 4-CH & present work \\
3 & YZ Boo & 3-CH & present work \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\section{Data analysis}
\label{sect:analysis}
In this part, we analyze the pulsation contents for the three stars
with the period-search program {\sc period98}
(\citealt{Breger+1990, Sperl+1998}).
\subsection{AD Arietis}
AD Ari (=HD~14147=SAO~92873=HIP~10701, $V$=7.43\,mag,
$\Delta$$V$=0.06\,mag, P$_0$=0$\fd$2699, F0) (\citealt{Kasarovets+etal+1999, Rodriguez+etal+2000})
is suspected to be a candidate of $\gamma$ Doradus-type
pulsating variables exhibiting both $p$- and $g$-modes
in terms of its long period and late spectral type. You can cite a figure like "as shown in Figure~\ref{Fig1}" or like (Fig.~\ref{Fig2}).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Examples for figures using graphicx for LaTeX 2e
%% -- our recommended way for embodying graphics
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% A figure as large as the width of the column
%-------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth, angle=90]{f1}
\caption{Demo1: A figure as large as the width of the column using package `graphicx'. }
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}
%
% One column rotated figure
%-------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=11cm, angle=0]{f2}
\caption{Demo2: One column rotated figure using package `graphicx'. }
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}
%----------------------------------------------------- Figs 3 & 4:
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.495\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=50mm,angle=90]{f1}
\caption{\label{Fig3}{\small Amplitudes evolution of . . .} }
\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.495\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=70mm]{f2}
\caption{\label{Fig4}{\small Amplitude variation of AN Lyn.}}
\end{minipage}%
\end{figure}
\subsection{IP Virginis}
IP Vir ($\alpha=14^{\rm h}40^{\rm m}08^{\rm s}.0$, $\delta=00\dg
01'45''$.0,
%% $00\degr01\arcmin45\arcsec$.0,
equinox=2000.0) was reported by \cite{Landolt+1990} to be
a $\delta$ Sct-type variable $\cdots\cdots$
\subsubsection{Wavelet Analysis}
%%This part intends to show the presentation of equations for LaTeX beginners
Universally, Lebseque integration
\begin{equation}\label{eq1}
\int_{\infty}^{\infty}|h(t)|^{p} dt < \infty, ~~~~~~1\leq p < \infty
\end{equation}
presents a measurable function of $L^{p}(\Re)$. Use Equation~\eqref{eq1} to cite an equation, and you can also cite an equation like (Eq.~\eqref{eq2}).
A function $\psi \in L^{2}(\Re)$ is called an orthogonal wavelet if
\begin{equation}\label{eq2}
\langle\psi_{j,k},~\psi_{l,m}\rangle = \delta_{j,l}\cdot\delta_{k,m}, ~~~~~~j,k,l,m\in{\cal Z}
\end{equation}
$\delta_{j,k}$ is Kronecker sign and for any $f(x) \in L^{2}(\Re)$
\begin{equation}\label{eq3}
f(x)= \sum_{j,k=-\infty}^{\infty} C_{j,k} \psi_{j,k}(x)
\end{equation}
This is wavelet series representation of $f(x)$. The most simplest
example of an orthogonal wavelet is Haar function:
\begin{equation}\label{eq4}
\psi_{\rm H}(x) \equiv \left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll}~1 ~~~~~~0\leq x <0.5\\
-1 ~~~~~~0.5\leq x < 1 \\
~0 ~~~~~~x<0,~x\geq 1.
\end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
Additionally, a Mexcian hat is also a wavelet.
Similar to Fourier series, wavelet coefficients $C_{j,k}$ is given as
\begin{equation}\label{eq5}
C_{j,k}=\langle f,~\psi_{j,k} \rangle
=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x) \overline{\psi_{j,k}(x)} ~{\rm d}x
\end{equation}
and we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq6}
(W_{\psi}f)(b,a) \equiv |a|^{-\frac{1}{2}} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(t)
\overline{\psi(\frac{t-b}{a})}, ~~~~~~a,~b,~f\in L^{2}(\Re),~a\neq 0
\end{equation}
If $\psi,~\hat{\psi}$ satisfy the
window function condition, then $\hat{\psi}(0)=0$ or follows $ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}
\psi(t) dt =0 $. Mother wavelet $\psi(x)$ oscillates and decays,
preferably rapidly. The oscillation property is expressed
mathematically by insisting that wavelets integrate to zero. Wavelet
functions are constrained, by definition, to be zero outside of a
small interval. This is what makes the WT able to operate on a
finite set of data, a property which formally called ``compact
support''. Compact support means that a basic wavelet like Harr
wavelet vanishes outside of a finite interval. If a mother wavelet
is zero outside of some interval---compactly supported, then it is
the ``fastest'' decay of all. This is the reason why we name $\psi$
``wavelet''.
\section{Discussion}
\label{sect:discussion}
I would like to give my discussion on the results elsewhere.
\section{Conclusions}
\label{sect:conclusion}
The preliminary photometric results on the $\cdots\cdots$
are reported along with an introduction to
the user-compiled IRAF task $\cdots\cdots$
\begin{acknowledgements}
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
under No.11080922.
\end{acknowledgements}
\appendix %%appendicial material is supported
\section{This shows the use of appendix}
A postscript file is actually an ASCII text file (you may even edit it).
However, you need to transfer a PDF file or any compressed or packaged
file in binary mode when using FTP.
\section{What is SCI?}
SCI is the abbreviation of Science Citation Index system powered by
the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). For details please
visit {\it http://apps.isiknowledge.com}.
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%% you can type \apj for ApJ, \aap for A&A, \apss for Ap&SS, etc. Please consult
%% the macro chjaa.cls. You can also find them in aasguide.tex (AASTeX for ApJ, AJ, PASP)
%% Please follow the format of ChJAA's reference list
\bibitem[Breger(1990)]{Breger+1990} Breger M., 1990,
Comm. in Asteroseismology, 20, 1 (Univ. of Vienna)
\bibitem[Kasarovets et al.(1999)]{Kasarovets+etal+1999} Kasarovets A. V., Samus N. N., Durlevich O. V. et al.,
1999, \ibvs, No. 4659
\bibitem[Jiang \& Hu(1998)]{Jiang+Hu+1998} Jiang X.-J., Hu J.-Y., 1998, Acta Astron. Sin., 39, 438
\bibitem[Landolt(1990)]{Landolt+1990} Landolt A. U., 1990, \pasp, 102, 1382
\bibitem[Michel et al.(1990)]{Michel+etal+1990} Michel E., Chevreton M., Belmonte J. A., Alvarez M.,
Jiang S.-Y., 1990, In: C. Cacciari and G. Clementini, eds.,
ASP Conf. Ser., Vol.11, Confrontation between stellar pulsation and evolution,
San Francisco: ASP, p.~332
\bibitem[Michel et al.(1992)]{Michel+etal+1992} Michel E., Belmonte J. A., Alvarez M., Jiang S.-Y., Chevreton M.,
Auvergne M., Goupil M. J., Baglin A. et al., 1992, A\&A, 255,139
\bibitem[Nather et al.(1990)]{Nather+etal+1990} Nather R. E., Winget D. E., Clemens J. C. et al.,
1990, \apj, 361,309
\bibitem[Rodr\'{\i}guez et al.(2000)]{Rodriguez+etal+2000} Rodr\'{\i}guez, E., L\'{o}pez-Gonz\'{a}lez, M. J.,
L\'{o}pez de Coca P., 2000, \aaps, 144, 469
\bibitem[Sperl(1998)]{Sperl+1998} Sperl M., 1998, Comm. in Asteroseismology,
111, 1 (Univ. of Vienna)
\bibitem[Zhou et al.(2001)]{Zhou+etal+2001} Zhou A.-Y., Rodr\'{\i}guez E., Rolland A.,
Costa V., 2001, MNRAS, 323, 923
\end{thebibliography}
\label{lastpage}
\end{document}
%%==^..^============== the END of RAA.tex ===================^_^==
sample2.tex · 21 KB
%! Tex program = xelatex
\documentclass[referee]{raa}
\usepackage{graphicx,times}
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{ctex}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}
%\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
\usepackage[pagebackref=true]{hyperref}
\begin{document}
\title{Discovery of six high-redshift quasars with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope and the Multiple
Mirror Telescope}
\volnopage{ {\bf 20XX} Vol.\ {\bf X} No. {\bf XX}, 000--000}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\author{Xue-Bing Wu (Îâѧ±ø) %% Put your Chinese name in "( )" if you like.
\inst{1,*}, Wen-Wen Zuo\inst{1}, Qian Yang\inst{1}, Wei-Min Yi
\inst{2,*}\footnotetext{$*$Corresponding Authors, these authors contributed equally to this work.}, Chen-Wei Yang\inst{3,4}
}
%% Here is an example of three authors come from different institutes.
%% For single author or all the authors from an institute, use "\inst{}" only
\institute{ Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871,
China; {\it [email protected]}\\
%% Please give the E-mail address of the author, to whom future correspondence and
%% offprint requests will be sent.
\and
Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Kunmin 650011, China\\
\and
% Center for Astrophysics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China\\
Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, The University of Science
and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China\\
\and
Polar Research Institute of China,
Shanghai 200136, China\\
\vs \no
{\small Received 20XX Month Day; accepted 20XX Month Day}
}
\abstract{Quasars with redshifts greater than 4 are rare, and can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe. Here we report the discovery of six new quasars with $i$-band magnitudes brighter than 19.5 and redshifts between 2.4 and 4.6 from the YFOSC spectroscopy of the Lijiang 2.4m telescope in
February, 2012. These quasars are in the list of $z>3.6$ quasar candidates selected by using our proposed $J-K$/$i-Y$ criterion and the photometric redshift estimations from the SDSS optical and UKIDSS near-IR photometric data. Nine candidates were observed by YFOSC, and five among six new quasars were identified as $z>3.6$ quasars. One of the other three objects was identified as a star and the other two were unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This is the first time $z>4$ quasars have been discovered using a telescope in China. Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program (TAP), the redshift of 4.6 for one of these quasars was confirmed by the Multiple
Mirror Telescope (MMT) Red Channel spectroscopy. The continuum and emission line properties of these six quasars, as well as their central black hole masses and Eddington ratios, were obtained.
\keywords{quasars: general --- quasars: emission lines --- galaxies: active --- galaxies: high-redshift
}
}
\authorrunning{X.-B. Wu et al. } %author_head in even pages
\titlerunning{Discovery of six high-redshift quasars} % title_head in odd pages
\maketitle
%________________________________________________ sections below
%
\section{Introduction} %% first-level sections will be auto-capitalized
\label{sect:intro}
The number of known quasars has increased steadily in the past four decades since their discovery in
1963 (\citealt{Schmidt+1963}). Especially, a large number of quasars have
been discovered in two large spectroscopic surveys, namely, the Two-degree
Field (2dF) survey (\citealt{Boyle+etal+2000}) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
(\citealt{York+etal+2000}). 2dF mainly selected low redshift ($z<2.2$) quasar candidates with UV-excess
(\citealt{Smith+etal+2005}) and has discovered more than 20\,000 quasars (\citealt{Croom+etal+2004}). SDSS adopted
a multi-band optical color selection method for quasars mainly by
excluding the point sources in the stellar locus of the color-color
diagrams (\citealt{Richards+etal+2002}) and has identified more
than 120\,000 quasars (\citealt{Schneider+etal+2010}).
90\% of SDSS quasars have low
redshifts ($z<2.2$), though some
dedicated methods were also proposed for finding high redshift quasars ($z>3.5$)
(\citealt{Fan+etal+2001a, Fan+etal+2001b, Richards+etal+2002}).
High-redshift quasars are rare, and those with redshifts
greater than 4 represent only 1\% in the total quasar population. In
the SDSS DR7 quasar catalog (\citealt{Schneider+etal+2010}), only 1248 (392) among 105783 quasars have redshifts
greater than 4 (4.5). Since these $z\sim4$ quasars exist when the universe is at age of 1.57 Gyr, they
can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe (\citealt{Smith+etal+1994, Constantin+etal+2002}). Especially, the
absorption line spectra of these quasars can give valuable information on the nature
of intergalactic medium at high redshift.
However, discovering $z\sim4$ quasars is a big challenge because they are
fainter than the low redshift quasars due to the larger distances. Moreover,
the Ly$\alpha$ emission lines for $z\sim4$ quasars move to the red end of optical spectra,
making them hard to be distinguishable from stars due to similar optical
colors. Recently, \cite{Wu+Jia+2010}
proposed to use the $Y-K/g-z$ criterion to select $z<4$ quasars and use the $J-K/i-Y$
criterion to select $z<5$ quasars with
the SDSS optical and UKIDSS (UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey)\footnote{The UKIDSS project is defined in \cite{Lawrence+etal+2007}. UKIDSS uses the UKIRT Wide Field Camera (WFCAM; \citealt{Casali+etal+2007}) and a photometric system described in \cite{Hewett+etal+2006}. The pipeline processing and science archive are described in \cite{Hambly+etal+2008}. } near-IR data based on a $K$-band excess technique (\citealt{Warren+etal+2000, Hewett+etal+2006, Chiu+etal+2007};
\citealt{Maddox+etal+2008}).
With these two criteria, it is expected to obtain more complete quasar samples than previous ones.
Recent optical spectroscopic observations made by the GuoShouJing Telescope (LAMOST)
and MMT have demonstrated the success of finding the missing quasars
with redshifts between 2.2 and 3 using the $Y-K/g-z$ criterion (\citealt{Wu+etal+2010a, Wu+etal+2010b, Wu+etal+2011}).
We also hope to discover some $z\sim4$ quasars with the $J-K/i-Y$ criterion, which is expect to be
applicable for selecting the candidates of quasars with redshifts up to 5 (\citealt{Wu+Jia+2010}).
In this letter we report our discovery of six new high redshift quasars from the spectroscopic observations with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope and MMT in February, 2012.
The successful identifications of these high redshft quasars further demonstrate the effectiveness of using our newly proposed criteria for discovering the missing quasars including high-redshift ones.
% Authors can give a citation as `\citealt{Michel+etal+1992}'.
% You may also use \cite, \citep and \citet for citation, and use Table~1
% or Figure~1 and so forth. Using \ref and \label for cross-references of
% Tables/Figures is a good way in adjusting/adding/removing text, tables or
% figures.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=12.0cm, angle=0]{sample2_fig1}
\caption{The YFOSC spectra of six new quasars. From the left to right, the red dashed lines mark the wavelengths of Ly$\alpha$, SiIV and CIV emission lines at the estimated redshift for five $z>3.6$ quasars, while for SDSS J113816.85+045023.6 they mark the wavelengths of CIV and CIII]. }
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}
\section{Target Selection and Spectroscopic Observations}
\label{sect:Obs}
\cite{Richards+etal+2009} presented a catalog of about 1million quasar candidates selected from the SDSS DR6 photometric data using Bayesian
methods. Photometric redshifts for these candidates were also provided
based on the SDSS $urgiz$ magnitudes. From this catalog we selected all unidentified candidates with the photometric redshift greater than 3.6, the photometric redshift probability larger than 0.6 and the $i$-band magnitude brighter than 19.5. Then we
cross-matched them with the UKIDSS Large Area Survey (LAS) DR7 catalog using a positional offset of 3 arcsec to find the closest counterparts. From this sample with both SDSS $ugriz$ data and UKIDSS $YJHK$ data, we adopted our
$J-K/i-Y$ criterion (\citealt{Wu+Jia+2010}), namely, $J-K>0.45(i-Y) +0.48$ (where $YJK$ are the Vega magnitudes and $i$ is the AB magnitude), to make further selection of $z\sim4$ quasar candidates. We also used our
own program to estimate the photometric redshifts of these candidates with SDSS and UKIDSS 9-band
photometric data (\citealt{Wu+Jia+2010, Wu+etal+2004}), and excluded the sources whose photometric redshifts estimated from the 5-band SDSS photometric data
in \cite{Richards+etal+2009} are inconsistent with ours. After these procedures we obtained a final list
of about 20 high-redshift ($z>3.6$) quasar candidates.
The spectroscopic observations were carried out in February 26--28, 2012, with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) instrument of
the Lijiang 2.4m telescope in Yunnan Astronomical Observatory. Due to the cloudy weather, 9 candidates
were observed with YFOSC using a low resolution grism with the central wavelength around $6500$~\AA, the spectral resolving power of 870, and a long slit with of 2.5$''$ width. The typical seeing is around 2$''$. In Table~\ref{tab1} we summarize the details of the observations for these 9 candidates. Six of them were idenfied as
quasars, one as a G-type star and two as unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratios of their spectra.
\begin{table}
\bc
\begin{minipage}[]{100mm}
\caption[]{Parameters of 9 objects observed by YFOSC\label{tab1}}\end{minipage}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1pt}
\small
\begin{tabular}{ccccccccccccc}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Name& Date& Exposure&$u$& $g$& $r$& $i$& $z$& $Y$& $J$& $H$& $K$& Result\\
(SDSS J)& &($s$)&&&&&&&&&&\\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
075733.86+190403.1&2012-02-26&2700&21.37&20.40&19.45&19.00&18.53&17.88&17.02&16.63&15.68&low S/N\\
085203.84+020437.7&2012-02-27&6000&21.67&20.99&19.69&19.09&18.66&17.82&17.47&16.66&15.72&low S/N\\
092740.04-023347.5&2012-02-28&4200&21.01& 20.50&19.55&19.08&18.86&18.42&18.01&17.11&16.42&G star\\
093345.70-020439.5&2012-02-27&3600&23.77&20.72&19.55&19.47&19.41&19.21&18.66&18.46&17.88&quasar \\
095023.74+004419.7&2012-02-27&6600&23.97&20.97&19.75&19.48&19.36&18.83&18.40&17.76&17.25&quasar\\
113816.85+045023.6&2012-02-27&6000&21.26&20.70&19.67&19.27&19.06&18.30&17.96&16.90&16.46&quasar\\
120312.63-001118.8&2012-02-28&5400&25.38&22.34&20.29&19.14&18.95&18.32&18.00&17.19&16.64&quasar\\
125052.11+074919.6&2012-02-26&5400&23.56&20.08&18.75&18.63&18.43&18.14&17.35&16.81&16.15&quasar \\
145115.89+015843.3&2012-02-27&4800&23.72&20.42&19.30&19.23&19.09&18.61&18.02&17.56&16.92&quasar \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}
\ec
%% place \tablecomments and \tablerefs below \end{center| and \end{center}:
%% you may leave the table-width parameter to editors or set to your actual size
\tablecomments{0.86\textwidth}{The SDSS $ugriz$ magnitudes are given in AB system
and the UKIDSS $YJHK$ magnitudes are given in Vega system.}
\end{table}
The spectra of six new quasars, after the flat-field correction and both wavelength and flux calibrations, are shown in Figure~\ref{Fig1}. The strongest emission lines for five $z>3.6$ quasar are Ly$\alpha$ lines, while for SDSS J113816.85+045023.6 the strongest line around $6400$~\AA\ is CIII]. The redshifts for these quasars are the average values given mostly by the Ly$\alpha$
and CIV lines for five $z>3.6$ quasar and by the III] and CIV lines for SDSS J113816.85+045023.6.
Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program\footnote{http://info.bao.ac.cn/tap/}, SDSS J120312.63-001118.8 was also observed with the Red Channel Spectrograph on
the MMT 6.5m telescope\footnote{Observation reported here was obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of of the Univeristy of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.} at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, USA on Feb. 29, 2012, with a wavelength coverage of 5100--8600~\AA\
and a spectral resolution of 1.6~\AA. It was observed twice, with the exposures of 10 minutes and 15
minutes respectively. The spectrum was processed using the IRAF Echellette package and is shown in Figure~\ref{Fig2}.
The average redshift estimated from Ly$\alpha$ and SiIV (1400~\AA) emission lines is 4.601$\pm$0.008,
consistent with the result ($z=4.592\pm0.048$) obtained from the YFOSC observation.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=12cm, angle=0]{sample2_fig2}
\caption{The MMT Red Channel spectrum of SDSS J120312.63--001118.8. The average redshift estimated from Ly$\alpha$ and SiIV (1400~\AA) emission lines is 4.601. The
red line refer to the smoothed spectrum with a binsize of 8~\AA.}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}
\section{Spectral analyses and properties of six high-redshift quasars}
The redshift corrected rest-frame YFOSC spectra of six quasars are first corrected for the Galactic extinction using the extinction map of
\cite{Schlegel+etal+1998}. They are then fitted with an IDL code MPFIT \citep{Markwardt+2009}.
We fit the spectra with the pseudo-continuum model consisting of the featureless nonstellar continuum and FeII emissions. The continuum is assumed to be a power-law, so two
free parameters (the amplitude and the slope) are required.
The UV FeII template (\citealt{Vestergaard+Wilkes+2001, Tsuzuki+etal+2006}) is convolved with a velocity dispersion and shifted with a velocity, assuming the line width of
FeII lines are same with emission lines in the corresponding wavelength range.
During the fitting, the amplitude and slope of the power-law continuum and the amplitude, velocity shift and
broadening width of the FeII emission, are set to be free parameters. The initial value of the power-law
continuum is obtained by fitting a simple power law to the data in the chosen windows, which are free from
emission-line contamination. The initial value of broadening width of the FeII emissions is set to be the
line width of the strong emission line CIV. Then we use the pseudo-continuum model to fit a set of continuum windows
with strong FeII emissions but no other emission lines,
as mentioned in \cite{Hu+etal+2008}, slightly adjusted interactively for each individual spectrum
in order to avoid broad absorption features or extended wings of emission lines.
After constructing the pseudo-continuum, the CIV line should be fitted with two Gaussians, one for the narrow component and another for the broad component. However, except SDSS J095023.74+004419.7, the spectra of other five quasars have low signal-to-noise ratio, so we used only one Gaussian to fit the CIV emission line. Absorption features are evident in the spectra of four quasars, and one more negative Gaussian was added in the fitting.
We measure the Full Width at Half Magnitude
of CIV line (FWHM$_{\rm CIV}$), luminosity at 1350~\AA\ ($L_{1350}$) from the spectra (except for
SDSS J113816.65+004419.7, where 1350~\AA\ is not within the wavelength coverage, we estimate the luminosity at 1500~\AA\
instead). The black hole mass is estimated based on FWHM$_{\rm CIV}$ and $L_{1350}$ with equation~(7) in \citet{Vestergaard+Peterson+2006}(see also \citealt{Kong+etal+2006}). Using a scaling between $L_{1350}$ and bolometric luminosity
$L_{\rm bol}$, $L_{\rm bol}=4.62L_{1350}$, we estimated the bolometric luminosity for the six quasars.
Based on the estimated black hole mass and bolometric luminosity, we also estimated their Eddington ratios.
The results are summarized in Table~\ref{tab2}.
Although the uncertainties of these values are probably quite large due to the low spectral quality and
the unusual properties of CIV, we noticed that the overall properties of these six quasars are consistent with those of typical SDSS quasars at high redshift (\citealt{Shen+etal+2011}).
\begin{table}
\bc
\begin{minipage}[]{100mm}
\caption[]{Spectral parameters and black hole masses of six new quasars\label{tab2}}\end{minipage}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2.5pt}
\small
\begin{tabular}{ccccccccccccc}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Name & Redshift & FWHM (CIV) & $\log (L_{1350})$ & $\log (M_{\rm BH})$ &
$\log (L_{\rm bol})$ & $R_{\rm EDD}$ \\
(SDSS J)& & ($\rm km~s^{-1}$) & ($\rm erg~s^{-1}$) &($M_\odot$) &($\rm erg~s^{-1}$) & \\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
093345.70$-$020439.5& 3.701$\pm$0.011 & 6749 & 46.457& 9.621& 47.122 &
$-$0.588 \\
095023.74$+$004419.7& 3.967$\pm$0.035 & 4500 & 46.300& 9.185& 46.964 &
$-$0.310 \\
113816.85$+$045023.6& 2.368$\pm$0.011 & 5144 & 46.000& 9.118& 46.664 &
$-$0.543 \\
120312.63$-$001118.8& 4.592$\pm$0.048 & 4865 & 46.431& 9.323& 47.096 &
$-$0.316 \\
125052.11$+$074919.6& 3.748$\pm$0.030 & 5424 & 46.805& 9.615& 47.469 &
$-$0.235 \\
145115.89$+$015843.3& 3.940$\pm$0.006 & 4507 & 45.682& 8.859& 46.346 &
$-$0.602 \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}
\ec
%% place \tablecomments and \tablerefs below \end{center| and \end{center}:
%% you may leave the table-width parameter to editors or set to your actual size
%\tablecomments{0.86\textwidth}{
%Black hole masses estimated with Eq. (7) in \cite{Vestergaard06}.}
\end{table}
\section{Discussion}
\label{sect:discussion}
A complete quasar sample is crucial for studying the large scale structure of the universe. The current available quasar samples
are mostly biased towards low redshifts ($z<2.2$) and more efforts are needed to find quasars at high redshift.
\cite{Wu+Jia+2010} proposed to obtain a large complete quasar sample with redshifts up to five by combining the $J-K/i-Y$ criterion with the $Y-K/g-z$ criterion to select quasar candidates. Some recent
optical spectroscopic observations have demonstrated the success of finding the missing quasars
with redshifts between 2.2 and 3 using the $Y-K/g-z$ criterion (\citealt{Wu+etal+2010a, Wu+etal+2010b, Wu+etal+2011}). Our discovery of six high redshift quasars (five with $z>3.6$) from the spectroscopic observations with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope and MMT further demonstrates the effectiveness of using the $J-K/i-Y$ criterion for discovering quasars with redshifts up to five. Moreover, the identification of five quasars with $z>3.6$ from nine candidates with photometric
redshift larger than 3.6 also confirms the robustness of the photometric redshifts estimated by the SDSS and UKIDSS photometric data.
We noticed that two among our five $z>3.6$ new quasars do not meet the SDSS $gri$ or $riz$ selection critrion for
$z>3.6$ quasars (\citealt{Fan+etal+2001a, Fan+etal+2001b, Richards+etal+2002}), which suggests that about 40\% of such quasars may be missed in the SDSS spectroscopic survey. This obviously needs to be confirmed by future observations of a large sample of $z>3.6$ quasars.
Our identification of a $z=4.6$ quasar demonstrates that $z>4$ quasars can be identified with the 2-meter size telescopes in China. We hope more high redshift
quasars will be discovered by the future LAMOST quasar survey (\citealt{Wu+2011}), which is aiming at discovering 0.3--0.4 million quasars from 1 million quasar candidates
with $i<20.5$, by taking the advantages of 4000 fibers and 5 degree field of view of LAMOST (\citealt{Su+etal+1998, Zhao+etal+2012}).
The new quasar selection criteria, such as those based on SDSS, UKIDSS and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE; \citealt{Wright+etal+2010}) data (\citealt{Wu+etal+2012}), will be applied for selecting quasar candidates in the
LAMOST quasar survey. This will hopefully provide the largest quasar sample in the next five years for further studies of AGN physics, large scale structure and cosmology.
\normalem
\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank the referee for a constructive report and Jianguo Wang, Cheng Hu and Zhaoyu Chen for great helps on the spectral analysis.
This work was supported by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (11033001).
We acknowledge the use of Lijiang 2.4m telescope and the MMT 6.5m telescope, as well as
the archive data from SDSS and UKIDSS.
This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which is funded by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance.
Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/.
\end{acknowledgements}
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