Tech Science Press journals (tsp)

% Updated 18 December 2024 used for Y2025
%% --------------------------------------------------------------------
%\DeclareOption{}{%%
%		\gdef\@journal{}
%		\gdef\@journalfull{}
%		\gdef\@journalshort{}
%		\gdef\@doiabbr{}
%		\gdef\@ISSN{}
%		\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
%		\gdef\@societyowner{}
%}
%% --------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Fields meanings:
%% - Option name: Journal website name (used in URL)
%% - @journal: Journal website name (used in URL)
%% - @journalshort: Short Name (ISO4)
%% - @journalfull: Journal full name
%% - @doiabbr: DOI abbreviation of the journal used in DOI numbers 10.32604/journalnameXXXX
%% - @ISSN: Journal E-ISSN number
%% - @continuouspages: use 	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes} for journals that use pagination
%% - @societyowner: Name of society owning the journal (for society journals)
%% --------------------------------------------------------------------
\DeclareOption{biocell}{%
	\gdef\@journal{biocell}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Biocell}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Biocell}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{biocell}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1667-5746}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{chd}{%
	\gdef\@journal{chd}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Congenit Heart Dis}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Congenital Heart Disease}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{chd}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1747-0803}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{cmc}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{cmc}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Comput Mater Contin.}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Computers, Materials \& Continua}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{cmc}	\gdef\@ISSN{1546-2226}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{cmes}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{cmes}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Comput Model Eng Sci}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{cmes}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1526-1506}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{csse}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{csse}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Comput Syst Sci Eng}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Computer Systems Science and Engineering}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{csse}
	\gdef\@ISSN{0267-6192}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}% ISSN (print)
\DeclareOption{dedt}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{dedt}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Digit Eng Digit Twin}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Digital Engineering and Digital Twin}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{dedt}
	\gdef\@ISSN{ }
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}% No ISSN
\DeclareOption{ee}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{ee}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Energy Eng}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Energy Engineering}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{ee}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1546-0118}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{fdmp}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{fdmp}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Fluid Dyn Mater Process}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Fluid Dynamics \& Materials Processing}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{fdmp}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1555-2578}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{fhmt}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{fhmt}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Front Heat Mass Transf}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{fhmt}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2125-8629}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}% ISSN (print)
\DeclareOption{iasc}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{iasc}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Intell Autom Soft Comput}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Intelligent Automation \& Soft Computing}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{iasc}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2326-005X}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{icces}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{icces}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Int Conf Comput Exp Eng Sci}
	\gdef\@journalfull{The International Conference on Computational \& Experimental Engineering and Sciences}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{icces}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1993-2815}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{ijmhp}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{ijmhp}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Int J Ment Health Promot}
	\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Mental Health Promotion}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{ijmhp}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2049-8543}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jai}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jai}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Artif Intell}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal on Artificial Intelligence}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jai}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-003X}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jbd}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jbd}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Big Data}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal on Big Data}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jbd}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-0056}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jbic}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jbic}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Blockchain Intell Comput}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Blockchain and Intelligent Computing}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jbic}
	\gdef\@ISSN{}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}% No ISSN
\DeclareOption{jcs}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jcs}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Cyber Secur}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Cyber Security}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jcs}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-0064}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jihpp}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jihpp}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Inf Hiding Priv Prot}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Information Hiding and Privacy Protection}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jihpp}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2637-4226}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jimh}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jimh}
	\gdef\@journalshort{JIMH}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Intelligent Medicine and Healthcare}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jimh}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2837-634X}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jiot}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jiot}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Internet Things}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal on Internet of Things}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jiot}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-0080}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jnm}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jnm}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J New Media}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of New Media}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jnm}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-0129}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jpm}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jpm}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Polym Mater}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Polymer Materials}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jpm}
	\gdef\@ISSN{0976-3449}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jqc}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jqc}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Quantum Comput}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Quantum Computing}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jqc}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2579-0145}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{jrm}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{jrm}
	\gdef\@journalshort{J Renew Mater}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Renewable Materials}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{jrm}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2164-6341}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{or}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{or}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Oncol Res}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Oncology Research}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{or}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1555-3906}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{phyton}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{phyton}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Phyton-Int J Exp Bot}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{phyton}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1851-5657}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{po}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{po}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Psycho-Oncologie}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Psycho-Oncologie}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{po}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1778-381X}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{rig}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{rig}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Rev Int Géomatique}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Revue Internationale de Géomatique}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{rig}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2116-7060}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{sdhm}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{sdhm}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Struct Durab Health Monit}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Structural Durability \& Health Monitoring}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{sdhm}
	\gdef\@ISSN{1930-2991}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{sv}{%
 	\gdef\@journal{sv}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Sound Vib}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Sound \& Vibration}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{sv}
	\gdef\@ISSN{2693-1443}
	\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{notspecified}{%
	\gdef\@journal{notspecified}
	\gdef\@journalfull{Journal Not Specified}
	\gdef\@journalshort{Journal Not Specified}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{journal}
	\gdef\@ISSN{}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}
\DeclareOption{test}{%
	\gdef\@journal{test}
	\gdef\@journalfull{TEST}
	\gdef\@journalshort{TEST}
	\gdef\@doiabbr{test}
	\gdef\@ISSN{}
	\gdef\@societyowner{}
}

%%%%Update on 30 November 2023%%%
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For using the command \uuline{} in the \abstract 
\usepackage{amsfonts} % Use for some special math mark
%%\usepackage{pxfonts} % Use for some special math mark 
%\usepackage{wasysym} % Use for some special mark
%\usepackage{subfigure} % For some paper the use \subfigure
\usepackage{mathcomp} % For permille mark
% \usepackage{CJKutf8} % For Chinese font (removed: unused, and CJK is not on the server)
\usepackage{pifont} % For some special mark 
\usepackage{bm} % Forr math enviroment bold format
\usepackage{bbm} % For some math fancy characters
\graphicspath{{./Definitions/}} % Use for import path the figures paper used

\makeatletter
\def\T@n@@nc@d@ngM@cr@M@d{}
\def\LY@n@@nc@d@ngM@cr@M@d{}
\makeatother

\let\orignewcommand\newcommand  % Store the original \newcommand
\let\newcommand\providecommand  % Make \newcommand behave like \providecommand
\usepackage{verse}
\let\newcommand\orignewcommand  % Use the original `\newcommand` in future
\makeatletter
\renewcommand*{\theHpoemline}{\arabic{verse@envctr}.\arabic{poemline}} % Use the original definition from verse.sty
\makeatother

% Define a matrix envrioment
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        \pdfrestore
}}

%\setlength{\fboxsep}{0cm}

% Define triangledown mark
\let\oldblacktriangledown\blacktriangledown

% Define \dagger using unicode
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\renewcommand{\ddagger}{\mathchar"227A}

% Define italic In, Max
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}
\makeatother
\robustify{\footnote}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% %%	Document class for publication in Tech Science Press
%% %%	Upadated on 18 December 2024
%% %%	Version 2024.12.1.0
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Identification
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{Definitions/tsp}[18/12/2024 TSP paper class]

%% Preliminary declarations
\LoadClass[11pt,letterpaper]{article}
\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\RequirePackage{calc}
\RequirePackage{indentfirst}
\RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
\RequirePackage{graphicx,epstopdf}
\RequirePackage{lastpage}
\RequirePackage{ifthen}
\RequirePackage{lineno}
\RequirePackage{float}
\RequirePackage[fleqn]{amsmath} % flush left equations
\RequirePackage{amssymb} % math environment bold format
\setlength{\mathindent}{0pt} % equations indentation
\RequirePackage{setspace}
\RequirePackage{enumitem}
\RequirePackage{mathpazo} % font
\RequirePackage{booktabs} % for \toprule etc. in tables
\RequirePackage{titlesec}
\RequirePackage{etoolbox} % \AtBeginDocument etc.
\RequirePackage{xcolor, colortbl} % \textcolor{red}{This is red text.}  \colorbox{yellow}{This is highlighted text with a yellow background.} \definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{0, 128, 255} \textcolor{myblue}{This is a custom blue color.}
\RequirePackage{soul} % \hl{text} \st{text} \ul{text} \so{text} \setul \setst \sethl...
\newcommand{\highlighting}[1]{\colorbox{yellow}{#1}}
\RequirePackage{multirow}
\RequirePackage{microtype} %  \textls[]{}
\RequirePackage{tikz} % For \foreach used for Orcid icon
\RequirePackage{refcount} % To enable extracting the value of the counter "LastPage" 
\RequirePackage{totcount} % To enable extracting the value of the counter "page" 
\RequirePackage{attrib} % For XML2PDF use \tag{} for equation
\RequirePackage{upgreek} % For making greek letters not italic
\RequirePackage{array} % For table array
\RequirePackage{tabularx}
\RequirePackage{pbox} % For biography environment
\RequirePackage{ragged2e} % For command \justifying
\RequirePackage[]{tocloft} % For dots in TOC. If subfigure package is loaded, the subfigure option needs to be added here to avoid clash: \RequirePackage[subfigure]{tocloft}
\RequirePackage{adjustbox}
\RequirePackage{enotez} %  \printendnotes[custom]
 %\RequirePackage{tabto} % To use tabto for aff and corres

%% Options
\def\@continuouspages{}
\newcommand{\continuouspages}[1]{\gdef\@continuouspages{#1}}

%% Options
%% To choose the journal
%% All journals (website name, full name, short name, DOI abbreviation, and ISSN + choice of continuous page numbers) are defined in journalnames.tex. 
\input{Definitions/journalnames}
\DeclareOption{journal}{\ClassWarning{tsp}{You used an invalid journal name or you have not specified the journal. The first option of the documentclass command specifies the journal. The word 'journal' should be replaced by one of the journal names specified in template.tex (in the comment 'Choose between the following TSP journal').}} 

%% To choose the type of paper
\DeclareOption{abstract}{\gdef\@arttype{ABSTRACT}}
\DeclareOption{analysis}{\gdef\@arttype{ANALYSIS}}
\DeclareOption{article}{\gdef\@arttype{ARTICLE}}
\DeclareOption{biographicalitem}{\gdef\@arttype{BIOGRAPHICAL ITEM}}
\DeclareOption{casereport}{\gdef\@arttype{CASE REPORT}}
\DeclareOption{comment}{\gdef\@arttype{COMMENT}}
\DeclareOption{commentary}{\gdef\@arttype{COMMENTARY}}
\DeclareOption{communication}{\gdef\@arttype{COMMUNICATION}}
\DeclareOption{conferenceproceedings}{\gdef\@arttype{PROCEEDINGS}}
\DeclareOption{correction}{\gdef\@arttype{CORRECTION}}
\DeclareOption{conferencereport}{\gdef\@arttype{CONFERENCE REPORT}}
\DeclareOption{expressionofconcern}{\gdef\@arttype{EXPRESSION OF CONCERN}}
\DeclareOption{meetingreport}{\gdef\@arttype{MEETING REPORT}}
\DeclareOption{datadescriptor}{\gdef\@arttype{DATA DESCRIPTOR}}
\DeclareOption{discussion}{\gdef\@arttype{DISCUSSION}}
\DeclareOption{editorial}{\gdef\@arttype{EDITORIAL}}
\DeclareOption{guideline}{\gdef\@arttype{GUIDELINE}}
\DeclareOption{introduction}{\gdef\@arttype{INTRODUCTION}}
\DeclareOption{minireview}{\gdef\@arttype{MINI REVIEW}}
\DeclareOption{openforum}{\gdef\@arttype{OPEN FORUM}}
\DeclareOption{perspective}{\gdef\@arttype{PERSPECTIVE}}
\DeclareOption{protocol}{\gdef\@arttype{PROTOCOL}}
\DeclareOption{reply}{\gdef\@arttype{REPLY}}
\DeclareOption{retraction}{\gdef\@arttype{RETRACTION}}
\DeclareOption{review}{\gdef\@arttype{REVIEW}}
\DeclareOption{shortcommunication}{\gdef\@arttype{SHORT COMMUNICATION}}
\DeclareOption{technicalreport}{\gdef\@arttype{TECHNICAL REPORT}}
\DeclareOption{theory}{\gdef\@arttype{THEORY}}
\DeclareOption{tutorial}{\gdef\@arttype{TUTORIAL}}
\DeclareOption{viewpoint}{\gdef\@arttype{VIEWPOINT}}

%% To choose the status of the paper
\DeclareOption{submit}{\gdef\@status{submit}}
\DeclareOption{accept}{\gdef\@status{accept}}

%% To choose the whether there is one or more authors
\DeclareOption{oneauthor}{\gdef\@authornum{Author}}
\DeclareOption{moreauthors}{\gdef\@authornum{Authors}}

%% Add the chosen options to the class
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}

%% Defaults
\ExecuteOptions{notspecified,11pt,letterpaper,article,submit,oneauthor}

%% Process options
\ProcessOptions\relax

%% More declarations
%% Maths environments
\RequirePackage{amsthm}
\newtheoremstyle{tsp}% name
{12pt}% space above
{12pt}% space below
{\itshape}% body font
{}% indent amount 1
{\bfseries}% theorem head font
{:}% punctuation after theorem head
{0.5em}% space after theorem head
{}% theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning 'normal')

\renewcommand{\qed}{\unskip\nobreak\enspace\qedsymbol} %% This places the symbol right after the text instead of placing it at the end on the line.

\renewenvironment{proof}[1][\proofname]{\par %% \proofname allows to have "Proof of my theorem"
  \pushQED{\qed}%
  \normalfont \topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax
  \trivlist
  \item[\hskip\labelsep
	\bfseries%% "Proof" is bold
	 #1\@addpunct{:}]\ignorespaces
}{%
\popQED\endtrivlist\@endpefalse
}

 \theoremstyle{tsp}
 \newcounter{theorem}
 \setcounter{theorem}{0}
 \newtheorem{Theorem}[theorem]{Theorem}
 
 \newcounter{lemma}
 \setcounter{lemma}{0}
 \newtheorem{Lemma}[lemma]{Lemma}
 
 \newcounter{corollary}
 \setcounter{corollary}{0}
 \newtheorem{Corollary}[corollary]{Corollary}
 
 \newcounter{proposition}
 \setcounter{proposition}{0}
 \newtheorem{Proposition}[proposition]{Proposition}
 
 \newcounter{characterization}
 \setcounter{characterization}{0}
 \newtheorem{Characterization}[characterization]{Characterization}
 
 \newcounter{property}
 \setcounter{property}{0}
 \newtheorem{Property}[property]{Property}
 
 \newcounter{problem}
 \setcounter{problem}{0}
 \newtheorem{Problem}[problem]{Problem}
 
 \newcounter{example}
 \setcounter{example}{0}
 \newtheorem{Example}[example]{Example}
 
 \newcounter{examplesanddefinitions}
 \setcounter{examplesanddefinitions}{0}
 \newtheorem{ExamplesandDefinitions}[examplesanddefinitions]{Examples and Definitions}
 
 \newcounter{remark}
 \setcounter{remark}{0}
 \newtheorem{Remark}[remark]{Remark}
 
 \newcounter{definition}
 \setcounter{definition}{0}
 \newtheorem{Definition}[definition]{Definition}
 
 \newcounter{hypothesis}
 \setcounter{hypothesis}{0}
 \newtheorem{Hypothesis}[hypothesis]{Hypothesis}

 \newcounter{notation}
 \setcounter{notation}{0}
 \newtheorem{Notation}[notation]{Notation}
 
 \newcounter{assumption}
 \setcounter{assumption}{0}
 \newtheorem{Assumption}[assumption]{Assumption}

 \newcounter{algorithm}
 \setcounter{algorithm}{0}
 \newtheorem{Algorithm}[algorithm]{Algorithm}

%% Define left/right mark in math environment
\let\originalleft\left
\let\originalright\right
\renewcommand{\left}{\mathopen{}\mathclose\bgroup\originalleft}
\renewcommand{\right}{\aftergroup\egroup\originalright}
 
%% References
\RequirePackage[sort&compress,sectionbib]{natbib} % Option sectionbib is for optionally organizing references using sections (author request)

%% Vancouver style for all journals
\bibliographystyle{Definitions/vancouver}
\bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{n}{}{,}%

\renewcommand\NAT@set@cites{%
  \ifNAT@numbers
    \ifNAT@super \let\@cite\NAT@citesuper
       \def\NAT@mbox##1{\unskip\nobreak\textsuperscript{##1}}%
       \let\citeyearpar=\citeyear
       \let\NAT@space\relax
       \def\NAT@super@kern{\kern\p@}%
    \else
       \let\NAT@mbox=\mbox
       \let\@cite\NAT@citenum
       \let\NAT@space\relax
       \let\NAT@super@kern\relax
    \fi
    \let\@citex\NAT@citexnum
    \let\@biblabel\NAT@biblabelnum
    \let\@bibsetup\NAT@bibsetnum
    \renewcommand\NAT@idxtxt{\NAT@name\NAT@spacechar\NAT@open\NAT@num\NAT@close}%
    \def\natexlab##1{}%
    \def\NAT@penalty{\penalty\@m}%
  \else
    \let\@cite\NAT@cite
    \let\@citex\NAT@citex
    \let\@biblabel\NAT@biblabel
    \let\@bibsetup\NAT@bibsetup
    \let\NAT@space\NAT@spacechar
    \let\NAT@penalty\@empty
    \renewcommand\NAT@idxtxt{\NAT@name\NAT@spacechar\NAT@open\NAT@date\NAT@close}%
    \def\natexlab##1{##1}%
  \fi}% Could be removed


%% Hyperlinks
%% Define color for citations
\definecolor{bluecite}{HTML}{0875b7}

% After TeXLive 2021, \AddToHook{begindocument} is needed to make sure that hyperref is loaded last. \ifdef{\AddToHook{begindocument}}{ is needed for backwards-compatibility because \AddToHook{begindocument} did not yet exist in 2020.
% After TeXLive 2022, \AddToHook{begindocument/before}{} is needed and  \DeclareHookRule{begindocument}{hyperref}{before}{tsp} needs to be added because of the new version of hyperref.
% Simplified version for loading hyperref package
\newcommand{\hyperrefpackage}{
  \RequirePackage[unicode=true,
    bookmarksopen=true,
    pdffitwindow=true,
    colorlinks=true,
    linkcolor=bluecite,
    citecolor=bluecite,
    urlcolor=bluecite,
    hyperfootnotes=false,
    pdfstartview={FitH},
    pdfpagemode=UseNone]{hyperref}
\RequirePackage[capitalise]{cleveref}
}


%% Ensure \hyperrefpackage is loaded before document starts
\ifdef{\AddToHook}{
  \DeclareHookRule{begindocument}{hyperref}{before}{tsp}
  \AddToHook{begindocument/before}{
    \hyperrefpackage
  }
}{
  \hyperrefpackage
}

%% To have the possibility to change the urlcolor
\newcommand{\changeurlcolor}[1]{\hypersetup{urlcolor=#1}} 

%% Cleveref definitions
\newcommand{\cleverefDefinitions}{
	\crefname{figure}{Fig.}{Figs.}
	\crefname{table}{Table}{Tables}
	\crefname{section}{Section}{Sections}
	\crefname{appendix}{Appendix}{Appendices}
	\crefname{paragraph}{Section}{Sections}
	\crefrangelabelformat{figure}{##3##1##4--##5##2##6} % double # for nesting inside \newcommand
	\crefrangelabelformat{table}{##3##1##4--##5##2##6}
	\crefrangelabelformat{section}{##3##1##4--##5##2##6}	
	\crefrangelabelformat{appendix}{##3##1##4--##5##2##6}
}

\newcommand{\crefrangeconjunction}{--}
\newcommand{\fig}[1]{Fig.~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\tabref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\sect}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\app}[1]{Appendix~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\equ}[1]{\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\boxref}[1]{Box~\ref{#1}}%


%% Metadata
\newcommand{\org@maketitle}{}% LATEX-Check
\let\org@maketitle\maketitle
\def\maketitle{%
	\hypersetup{
		pdftitle={\@Title},
		pdfsubject={\@abstract},
		pdfkeywords={\@keyword},
		pdfauthor={\@AuthorNames}
		}%
	\org@maketitle
}


%% \endnote{} \printendnotes[custom]
\setenotez{backref=true}
\DeclareInstance{enotez-list}{custom}{paragraph}{
	format=\fontsize{9}{9}\selectfont\leftskip0.76cm,
	number=\textsuperscript{#1} \hspace{4.7mm},
	notes-sep=0pt
}

%% \footnote{}
\RequirePackage[hang]{footmisc}
\setlength{\skip\footins}{1.2cm}
\setlength{\footnotemargin}{5mm}
\def\footnoterule{\kern-14\p@
\hrule \@width 2in \kern 11.6\p@}

%% URL old
%\RequirePackage{url}
%\urlstyle{same}
%\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds} 

%% URL new
\RequirePackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
% Line breaks in URL
\def\UrlDigits{\do\1\do\2\do\3\do\4\do\5\do\6\do\7\do\8\do\9\do\0}
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlDigits}


%% Widows & orphans
\clubpenalty=10000
\widowpenalty=10000
\displaywidowpenalty=10000

%% To avoid "Output-loop.." compile bug
\maxdeadcycles=10000


%% Front matter
% Command for checking for a question mark or exclamation mark in title (not applicable now)
\def\instring#1#2{TT\fi\begingroup\edef\x{\endgroup\noexpand\in@{#1}{#2}}\x\ifin@}

\newcommand{\firstargument}{}
\newcommand{\Title}[1]{\gdef\@Title{#1}}%
\newcommand{\Author}[1]{\gdef\@Author{#1}}%
\def\@AuthorNames{}
\newcommand{\AuthorNames}[1]{\gdef\@AuthorNames{#1}}%
\newcommand{\firstpage}[1]{\gdef\@firstpage{#1}}
\newcommand{\lastpage}[1]{\gdef\@lastpage{#1}}
\newcommand{\doinum}[1]{\gdef\@doinum{#1}}
\newcommand{\hreflink}[1]{\gdef\@hreflink{#1}}
\def\@AuthorCitation{}
\newcommand{\AuthorCitation}[1]{\gdef\@AuthorCitation{#1}}%
\def\@TitleCitation{}
\newcommand{\TitleCitation}[1]{\gdef\@TitleCitation{#1}}%
\newcommand{\papercitation}{%
\@AuthorCitation. \@TitleCitation. \@journalshort. \@pubyear;\@pubvolume(\@issuenum):\@firstpage--\pageref*{LastPage}. 
\changeurlcolor{black}%
\href{https://doi.org/\@doinum}{\@hreflink}
}


%% DOI number
%% Create command to add a leading zero if 1 digit
\newcommand\twodigits[1]{%
	\ifnum#1<10%
		0\number#1
   	\else
		\number#1
	\fi
}

% Create command to add a leading zero if less than 4 digits
\newcommand\fourdigits[1]{%
\ifnum#1<10 
	000\number#1 
\else
	\ifnum#1<100 %
		00\number#1
	\else
           	\ifnum#1<1000 %
			0\number#1
		\else
			\ifnum#1<10000 %
				\number#1
			\else                   
					error
			\fi
		\fi
	\fi
\fi
}

% Create command to add a leading zero if less than 6 digits
\newcommand\sixdigits[1]{%
\ifnum#1<10 %
	00000\number#1 
\else
	\ifnum#1<100 %
		0000\number#1
	\else
		\ifnum#1<1000 %
			000\number#1
		\else
			\ifnum#1<10000 %
				00\number#1
			\else
				\ifnum#1<100000 %
					0\number#1
				\else
					\ifnum#1<1000000 %
						\number#1
					\else         
						error
					\fi
				\fi
			\fi
		\fi
}


\doinum{10.32604/\@doiabbr.\fourdigits\@pubyear.\sixdigits\@articlenumber}%plan A
%\doinum{10.32604/\@articlenumber}%plan B

% For \@pubvolume, \@issuenum, and \@articlenumber: create command to cut leading zeros
\newcommand\cutdigits[1]{%
	\ifnum#1>0 %
		\number#1 
	\else
		\ifnum#1<10000 %
			\number#1
		\else             
			error
		\fi
	\fi
}

\newcommand{\pubvolume}[1]{\gdef\@pubvolume{\cutdigits{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\pubyear}[1]{\gdef\@pubyear{#1}}%
\newcommand{\copyrightyear}[1]{\gdef\@copyrightyear{#1}}%
\newcommand{\address}[2][]{\renewcommand{\firstargument}{#1}\gdef\@address{#2}}%
\newcommand{\corresfirstargument}{}%
\def\@corres{}%
\newcommand{\corres}[2][]{\renewcommand{\corresfirstargument}{#1}\gdef\@corres{#2}}%
\def\@conference{}%
\newcommand{\conference}[1]{\gdef\@conference{#1}}%
\def\@abstract{}%
\renewcommand{\abstract}[1]{\gdef\@abstract{#1}}%
\def\@externaleditor{}%
\newcommand{\externaleditor}[1]{\gdef\@externaleditor{#1}}%
\def\@datereceived{}%
\newcommand{\datereceived}[1]{\gdef\@datereceived{#1}}%
\def\@daterevised{}%
\newcommand{\daterevised}[1]{\gdef\@daterevised{#1}}%
\def\@dateaccepted{}%
\newcommand{\dateaccepted}[1]{\gdef\@dateaccepted{#1}}%
\newcommand{\datepublished}[1]{\gdef\@datepublished{#1}}%
\def\@datecorrected{}%
\newcommand{\datecorrected}[1]{\gdef\@datecorrected{#1}}%
\def\@dateretracted{}%
\newcommand{\dateretracted}[1]{\gdef\@dateretracted{#1}}%
\newcommand{\history}[1]{\gdef\@history{#1}} %abort
\def\@pacs{}%
\newcommand{\PACS}[1]{\gdef\@pacs{#1}}%
\def\@msc{}%
\newcommand{\MSC}[1]{\gdef\@msc{#1}}%
\def\@jel{}%
\newcommand{\JEL}[1]{\gdef\@jel{#1}}%
\def\@keyword{}%
\newcommand{\keyword}[1]{\gdef\@keyword{#1}}%
\def\@issuenum{}%
\newcommand{\issuenum}[1]{\gdef\@issuenum{#1}}%
\def\@firstnote{}%
\newcommand{\firstnote}[1]{\gdef\@firstnote{#1}}%
\def\@secondnote{}%
\newcommand{\secondnote}[1]{\gdef\@secondnote{#1}}%
\def\@thirdnote{}%
\newcommand{\thirdnote}[1]{\gdef\@thirdnote{#1}}%
\def\@fourthnote{}%
\newcommand{\fourthnote}[1]{\gdef\@fourthnote{#1}}%
\def\@fifthnote{}%
\newcommand{\fifthnote}[1]{\gdef\@fifthnote{#1}}%
\def\@sixthnote{}%
\newcommand{\sixthnote}[1]{\gdef\@sixthnote{#1}}%
\def\@seventhnote{}%
\newcommand{\seventhnote}[1]{\gdef\@seventhnote{#1}}%
\def\@myeighthnote{}%
\newcommand{\myeighthnote}[1]{\gdef\@myeighthnote{#1}}%\@eighthnote will clah with \usepackage{mathcomp} For permille mark
\newcommand{\articlenumber}[1]{\gdef\@articlenumber{#1}}%
\def\@externalbibliography{}%
\newcommand{\externalbibliography}[1]{\gdef\@externalbibliography{#1}}%
\def\@reftitle{}%
\newcommand{\reftitle}[1]{\gdef\@reftitle{#1}}%
\def\@longauthorlist{}%
\newcommand{\longauthorlist}[1]{\gdef\@longauthorlist{#1}}%
\def\@addhighlights{}%
\newcommand{\addhighlights}[1]{\gdef\@addhighlights{#1}}%
\def\@CorrStatement{}%
\newcommand{\CorrStatement}[1]{\gdef\@CorrStatement{#1}}%
\newcommand{\textcorrstatement}{\textbf{Correction Statement:} This article has been republished with a minor change. The change does not affect the scientific content of the article and further details are available within the backmatter of the website version of this article.}


%%%% Hyphenation
\RequirePackage[none]{hyphenat} % Prevent hyphenation throughout the document, meaning words will not be split even if they exceed the line width.
\sloppy % Loosens LaTeX's restrictions on line spacing and line length.

\regtotcounter{page} % to enable extracting the value of the counter "page" using the totcount package


%% ORCID 
%% Make Orcid icon
\newcommand{\orcidicon}{\includegraphics[width=0.32cm]{Definitions/logo-orcid.pdf}}

%% Define link and button for each author
\foreach \x in {A, ..., Z}{%
\expandafter\xdef\csname orcid\x\endcsname{\noexpand\href{https://orcid.org/\csname orcidauthor\x\endcsname}{\noexpand\orcidicon}}
}%


%%%% Journal name for the header
\newcommand{\journalname}{\@journalshort}

%%%%% Header and footer on first page
%%% The plain page style needs to be redefined because with \maketitle in the article class, LaTeX applies the the plain page style automatically to the first page.
\fancypagestyle{plain}{
    \fancyhf{} % clear default setting
    \fancyhead[L]{\vspace{0pt}%
        \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{\rule{0pt}{1.2cm}}{\href{https://www.techscience.com/journal/\@journal}%
        {{\includegraphics[height=1.2cm]{Definitions/\@journal-logo.pdf}}}}}%
    \fancyhead[R]{\vspace{0.3cm}%
        {\href{http://www.techscience.com}%
        {{\includegraphics[height=0.6cm]{Definitions/logo-tsp.pdf}}}}}%
    \fancyfoot[C]{%%%% Copyright information Plan A %\newcommand{\cright}
        \fontsize{8.3}{8}\selectfont 
        \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{%
            \begin{minipage}{1\textwidth}
                \copyright{} {\@ \the\year} by the \@authornum. % if needed
                Submitted to {\journalname} for % possible open access publication
                under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which
                permitted unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original
                work is properly cited. % 
            \end{minipage} 
        }{%
            \begin{minipage}{0.160\textwidth}
                \hspace{-0mm}%
                \vspace{2mm}%
                \href{http://creativecommons.org/}{%
                    \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{Definitions/logo-ccby.pdf}
                }
            \end{minipage}%
            \begin{minipage}{0.84\textwidth}
                \vspace{-3pt}Copyright \copyright \ {\@copyrightyear} The \@authornum. Published by Tech Science Press.\newline
                \textls[+10]{This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,} 
                which permits \textls[-5]{\mbox{unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 
                provided the original work is properly cited.}}
            \end{minipage}
        }
    }
   \setlength{\footskip}{36pt}
    \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} 
    \renewcommand{\headrule}{\hrule height 0.4pt}
}


%% Maketitle part 1: Logo, Arttype, Title, Author
\renewcommand{\@maketitle}{
\noindent
{{\raggedright%
    \raisebox{+0cm}{\fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont
    \changeurlcolor{black}%
    Doi:\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/\@journal.\@pubyear.\sixdigits\@articlenumber}{\@doinum}}%
    }%
    \hfill%
    {\raggedleft%
    \raisebox{-1.3cm}{%
    \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{\rule{0pt}{0.6cm}}{%
        \href{https://www.techscience.com/doi/10.32604/\@journal.\@pubyear.\sixdigits\@articlenumber}{\includegraphics[height=1.5cm]{Definitions/logo-updates.pdf}}%
    }}}%
}
        \par
	\begin{flushleft}
		{%1
                \vspace{-1cm}
    		\fontsize{9}{9}\selectfont
		{\boldmath\bfseries{\underline{\@arttype}}}%	
 	   	\par%
    		}%1
    		{%2
   	 	\vspace{18pt}
  	  	\fontsize{14}{14}\selectfont
   	 	\boldmath\bfseries{\@Title}%Set Article Title format	
   	 	\par
   	 	\vspace{18pt}
   	 	}%2
   		{%3
    		\fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont
    		\boldmath\bfseries{\@Author}
    		\par
    		\vspace{-4pt}
    		}%3
	\end{flushleft}%
	}

%% Commands for hanging indent
\newcommand{\dist}{1em}%\enspace=0.5em
\newcommand{\hang}{\hangafter=1\hangindent=\dist\noindent}


%% Maketitle part 2
\newcommand{\maketitlen}{ 
{%
	\begin{flushleft}
	\begin{spacing}{1.35}%Affiliation
	\leftskip0cm%Affiliation
	\fontsize{9}{9}\selectfont
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\firstargument}{1}}{}{%
	\hang}\@address
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@authornum}{Author}}{}{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@corres}{\@empty}}{}{%
	\hang\textbf{\textsuperscript{*}}\@corres}%
	\par
	}
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@firstnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{\#}}\@firstnote}%
	\par
	}
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@secondnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{\S}}\@secondnote}
	\par
	}%
        {%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@thirdnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{$\dagger$}}\@thirdnote}	
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@fourthnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{$\ddagger$}}\@fourthnote}
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@fifthnote}{\@empty}}{}{{{$^\|$}}\@fifthnote}
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@sixthnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{\P}}\@sixthnote}
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@seventhnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{**}}\@seventhnote}
	\par
	}%
	{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@myeighthnote}{\@empty}}{}{{\textsuperscript{$\dagger\dagger$}}\@myeighthnote}
	\par
	}%
	\vspace{6pt}
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@externaleditor}{\@empty}}{}{\@externaleditor}
	\par
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{Version {\@ \today} submitted to \journalname
}{%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@datereceived}{\@empty}}{}{Received: \@datereceived; }%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@daterevised}{\@empty}}{}{Revised: \@daterevised; }%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@dateaccepted}{\@empty}}{}{Accepted: \@dateaccepted; }%
	Published: \@datepublished%
	%%\\\raggedright\textbf{Citation:} \papercitation %% not applicable now
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@datecorrected}{\@empty}}{}{; Corrected: \@datecorrected}%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@dateretracted}{\@empty}}{}{; Retracted: \@dateretracted}%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@retractiondate}{\@empty}}{}{\par\vspace{6pt}This paper has been retracted. A retraction notice was published on \@retractiondate{} in {\@journalshort} {\@retractionnoticeyear};{\@retractionnoticevolume}{(\@retractionnoticeissue)}:\@retractionnoticeidnumber. https://doi.org/\@retractionnoticedoi}}%
	\par
	\vspace{-4pt}%
	\end{spacing}
	\end{flushleft}
}
}


%%%% Abstract, keywords, PACS, MSC, JEL
\newcommand{\abstractkeywords}{
\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
\vspace{-8pt}

\ifthenelse{\equal{\@abstract}{\@empty}}{}{
	\noindent\textbf{ABSTRACT:\space}\@abstract
	\vspace{12pt}
	\par
}

\ifthenelse{\equal{\@keyword}{\@empty}}{}{
	\noindent\textbf{KEYWORDS:\space}\@keyword
	\vspace{12pt}
	\par
}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@pacs}{\@empty}}{}{
	\noindent\textbf{PACS:\space}\@pacs
	\vspace{12pt}
	\par
}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@msc}{\@empty}}{}{
	\noindent\textbf{MSC:\space}\@msc
	\vspace{12pt}
	\par
}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@jel}{\@empty}}{}{
	\noindent\textbf{JEL CLASSIFICATION:\space}\@jel
	\vspace{12pt}
	\par
}
\vspace{4pt}
\hrule
\vspace{12pt}
\normalsize
}


%% Print maketitle and abstractkeywords
\AfterEndPreamble{
  \maketitle
  \let\maketitle\relax
  \maketitlen
  \let\maketitlen\relax
  \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{\linenumbers}{}
  \abstractkeywords
}

\AtBeginDocument{
  \DeclareSymbolFont{AMSb}{U}{msb}{m}{n}% Declares the AMS blackboard bold font.
  \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathbb}{AMSb} % Binds the \mathbb command to the AMSb blackboard bold font.
}


%% Font size in Tables and watermark in arttype retraction
\AtEndPreamble{
	\def\@tablesize{}
	\newcommand{\tablesize}[1]{\gdef\@tablesize{#1}}
	\let\oldtabularx\tabularx
	\renewcommand{\tabularx}{\ifthenelse{\equal{\@tablesize}{\@empty}}{\small}{\@tablesize}\oldtabularx}
}


%%%% Table of contents
\renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}} % Dots between section title and page number
\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{#1.~\space} % Increase space between number and title


%%%% Section headings
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4} %i.e., section numbering depth, which defaults to 3 in the article class. To get paragraphs numbered and counted, increase the default value of secnumdepth to 4

\titleformat {\section} [block] {\raggedright \fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont\bfseries} {\thesection\space} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\section} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}

\titleformat {\subsection} [block] {\raggedright \fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont\itshape\bfseries} {\thesubsection\space} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\subsection} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}

\titleformat {\subsubsection} [block] {\raggedright \fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont\itshape} {\thesubsubsection\space} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\subsubsection} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}

\titleformat {\paragraph} [block] {\raggedright \fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont\itshape} {} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\paragraph} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}


%%%% Special section title style for back matter
\newcommand{\acknowledgments}[1]{
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Acknowledgment:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\funding}[1]{
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Funding Statement:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\authorcontributions}[1]{%
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Author Contributions:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\availabilityofdataandmaterials}[1]{%
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Availability of Data and Materials:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\ethicsapproval}[1]{%
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Ethics Approval:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\conflictsofinterest}[1]{%
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Conflicts of Interest:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\useofartificialintelligence}[1]{
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Use of Artificial Intelligence:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\supplementary}[1]{
\par\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Supplementary Materials:} {#1}\par}}

\newcommand{\abbreviations}[2]{
\vspace{6pt}{\noindent\selectfont{\bfseries #1}}{%
\par\vspace{3pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont #2}\par}}

% Use for special paragraph requirement in back matter
\newcommand{\backnotes}[2]{
\vspace{6pt}\noindent{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont\textbf{#1:} {#2}\par}}


%%%%% Define the appendix
\def\@appendixtitles{}
\newcommand{\appendixtitles}[1]{\gdef\@appendixtitles{#1}}

\def\@appendixsections{}
\newcommand{\appendixsections}[1]{\gdef\@appendixsections{#1}}

\def\@appendixstart{}
\newcommand{\appendixstart}[1]{\gdef\@appendixstart{#1}}

\renewcommand{\appendixstart}{%
\setcounter{section}{0}%
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
\setcounter{subsubsection}{0}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
\setcounter{boxenv}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{lemma}{0}
\setcounter{corollary}{0}
\setcounter{proposition}{0} 
\setcounter{characterization}{0} 
\setcounter{property}{0} 
\setcounter{problem}{0} 
\setcounter{example}{0} 
\setcounter{examplesanddefinitions}{0} 
\setcounter{remark}{0} 
\setcounter{definition}{0} 
\setcounter{hypothesis}{0}
\setcounter{notation}{0}
\setcounter{algorithm}{0}
}

\renewcommand{\appendix}{%
%
\gdef\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}%
\gdef\thesubsection{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@subsection}%

\titleformat {\section} [block] {\raggedright\bfseries} {%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@appendixtitles}{yes}}{%in case of adding dot after serial numbers
		\appendixname~\thesection.%
		}{%
		\appendixname~\thesection~%
		}
	} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\section} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}
%
\titleformat {\subsection} [block] {\raggedright\itshape\bfseries} {%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@appendixtitles}{yes}}{%
		\appendixname~\thesubsection.%
		}{%
		\appendixname~\thesubsection%
		}
	} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\section} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}
%
\titleformat {\subsubsection} [block] {\raggedright\selectfont} {%
	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@appendixtitles}{yes}}{%
		\appendixname~\thesubsubsection.%
		}{%
		\appendixname~\thesubsubsection%
		}
	} {0pt} {}
\titlespacing {\section} {0pt} {12pt} {6pt}
%
\gdef\theHsection{\@Alph\c@section.}% for hyperref
\gdef\theHsubsection{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@subsection}% for hyperref
\csname appendixmore\endcsname
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{A\arabic{figure}}
\renewcommand{\thetable}{A\arabic{table}}
\renewcommand{\theboxenv}{A\arabic{boxenv}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{A\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\thetheorem}{A\arabic{theorem}}
\renewcommand{\thelemma}{A\arabic{lemma}}
\renewcommand{\thecorollary}{A\arabic{corollary}}
\renewcommand{\theproposition}{A\arabic{proposition}} 
\renewcommand{\thecharacterization}{A\arabic{characterization}}
\renewcommand{\theproperty}{A\arabic{property}}
\renewcommand{\theproblem}{A\arabic{problem}}
\renewcommand{\theexample}{A\arabic{example}}
\renewcommand{\theexamplesanddefinitions}{A\arabic{examplesanddefinitions}}
\renewcommand{\theremark}{A\arabic{remark}}
\renewcommand{\thedefinition}{A\arabic{definition}}
\renewcommand{\thehypothesis}{A\arabic{hypothesis}}
\renewcommand{\thenotation}{A\arabic{notation}}
\renewcommand{\thealgorithm}{A\arabic{algorithm}}
}

%%%% Layout
\RequirePackage[left=2.54cm,
                right=2.54cm,
                top=2.54cm,
                bottom=2.54cm,
                includehead]{geometry}

\linespread{1.1} 
\setlength{\parindent}{0.75cm}


%%%% Commands for landscape page with letter size
\newcommand{\startlandscape}{
	\clearpage
	\paperwidth=\pdfpageheight
	\paperheight=\pdfpagewidth
	\pdfpageheight=\paperheight
	\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
	% Adjust layout for letter paper (8.5 x 11 inches) with margins
	\newgeometry{layoutwidth=279.4mm, layoutheight=215.9mm, left=2.54cm, right=2.54cm, top=2.54cm, bottom=2.54cm, includehead}
	\fancyheadoffset{0pt}
	\captionsetup{margin={0cm,0cm}} 
}

\newcommand{\finishlandscape}{
	\clearpage
	\paperwidth=\pdfpageheight
	\paperheight=\pdfpagewidth
	\pdfpageheight=\paperheight
	\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
	\restoregeometry
	\fancyheadoffset{0pt} % No offset for header
	\captionsetup{margin={0cm,0cm}} % Reset captions margin to default
}


%%%% Figures and tables
\RequirePackage{newfloat}
\DeclareFloatingEnvironment[]{listing}
\DeclareFloatingEnvironment[name=Box]{boxenv}	

\RequirePackage{caption} 
\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom, margin=0cm, labelfont={bf, small, stretch=1.17}, labelsep=colon, textfont={small, stretch=1.17}, aboveskip=6pt, belowskip=-6pt, justification=justified}

\captionsetup[listing]{position=top, margin=0cm, labelfont={bf, small, stretch=1.17}, labelsep=colon, textfont={small, stretch=1.17},  aboveskip=6pt, justification=justified}

\captionsetup[table]{position=top, margin=0cm, labelfont={bf, small, stretch=1.17}, labelsep=colon, textfont={small, stretch=1.17}, aboveskip=6pt, justification=justified}

\captionsetup[boxenv]{position=top, margin=0cm, labelfont={bf, small, stretch=1.17}, labelsep=colon, textfont={small, stretch=1.17}, aboveskip=6pt,justification=justified}

%% For table footnotes
\newsavebox{\@justcentbox}
\newcommand{\justifyorcenter}[1]{
\sbox \@justcentbox{#1}
\ifdim \wd \@justcentbox >\hsize #1
\else \centerline{#1} \fi
}

%% For text alignment in tables
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}} % vertical centering
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X} % centered text in C columns
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X} % centered text in L columns

%%%% Bullet lists
\setitemize{topsep=3pt,parsep=0pt,itemsep=0pt,leftmargin=*,labelsep=5.5mm,align=parleft}
\setenumerate{topsep=3pt,parsep=0pt,itemsep=0pt,leftmargin=*,labelsep=5.1mm,align=parleft}
\setlist[description]{itemsep=0mm}

%%%% Quote environment
\renewenvironment{quote}{
	\list{}{
		\listparindent=0pt
		\leftmargin=0.75cm
		\rightmargin=0.75cm
		\topsep=3pt
		\parsep=3pt
	}%
	\item\relax
	}
	{\endlist}


%% Link to supplementary material: www.techscience.com/journal/volume-number/issue-number/article-number
\newcommand{\linksupplementary}[1]{\url{http://www.techscience.com/\@journal/v\@pubvolume n\@issuenum/\@articlenumber}}


%%%% Header and footer (all pages except the first)
\renewcommand\headrule{} %% set line (from fancyhdr) in header to nothing
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{} % clear

% Set header content
\fancyhead[L]{%
    \ifodd\value{page} % 
        \fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont%
        \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{%
            Version \today submitted to {\journalname} % 
        }{%
            {\journalname\ }{\@pubyear};\@pubvolume(\@issuenum)%
        }%
    \else
        \fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont\thepage % 
    \fi
}
\fancyhead[R]{%
    \ifodd\value{page} % 
        \fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont\thepage% 
    \else
        \fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont%
        \ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{%
            Version \today submitted to {\journalname} % 
        }{%
            {\journalname\ }{\@pubyear};\@pubvolume(\@issuenum)% 
        }%
    \fi
}



%% Article type "RETRACTION"
\def\@retractiondate{}% Date that the retraction notice was published
\newcommand{\retractiondate}[1]{\gdef\@retractiondate{#1}}
\def\@retractionnoticeyear{}% Year in which the retraction notice was published
\newcommand{\retractionnoticeyear}[1]{\gdef\@retractionnoticeyear{#1}}
\def\@retractionnoticevolume{} % Volume in which the retraction notice was published
\newcommand{\retractionnoticevolume}[1]{\gdef\@retractionnoticevolume{#1}}
\def\@retractionnoticeissue{} % Issue in which the retraction notice was published
\newcommand{\retractionnoticeissue}[1]{\gdef\@retractionnoticeissue{#1}}
\def\@retractionnoticeidnumber{}% Article Number in which the retraction notice was published
\newcommand{\retractionnoticeidnumber}[1]{\gdef\@retractionnoticeidnumber{#1}}
\def\@retractionnoticedoi{}  % DOI published retraction notice
\newcommand{\retractionnoticedoi}[1]{\gdef\@retractionnoticedoi{#1}}
\newcommand{\printretraction}{
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@retractiondate}{\@empty}}{}{%
	\RequirePackage{draftwatermark}
	\SetWatermarkText{RETRACTED}
	\SetWatermarkScale{0.65}
   }
}


%%%% Bibliography
\renewcommand\bibname{References} % Backwards compatibility for book production
\renewcommand\@biblabel[1]{#1.\hfill}
\def\thebibliography#1{
\emergencystretch 2em
%\linespread{1.1}% Line spacing factor, increases space between lines (1.44 times the normal line height)
\section*{\@reftitle}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}
\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont
\list{{\arabic{enumi}}}{\def\makelabel##1{\hss{##1}}
\topsep=0\p@         % Top space for the list
\parsep=2\p@         % Paragraph space
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\itemsep=0\p@        % Space between items
\labelsep=0.8mm      % Distance between number and content
\itemindent=0pt      % No indentation for items
\settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\usecounter{enumi}}
%\def\newblock{\ }
%\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty400
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax
}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist

%%%% Publisher's note
\newcommand{\PublishersNote}{
\null\par\noindent\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont\textbf{Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:}.}

%%% Copyright information Plan B
%%%\AtEndDocument{\par \cright}
%\newcommand{\cright}
%{%
%	\vspace{12pt}
%	\noindent
%	\linespread{1} 
%	\fontsize{8.2}{8}\selectfont 
%	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{%
%		\begin{minipage}{1\textwidth}
%			\copyright{} {\@ \the\year} by the \@authornum. % if needed
%			Submitted to {\em \journalname} for % possible open access publication
%			under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which
%			permitted unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original
%			work is properly cited. % 
%		\end{minipage} %
%	}{%
%		\begin{minipage}{0.150\textwidth}
%			\hspace{-0mm}%
%			\vspace{2mm}%
%			\href{http://creativecommons.org/}{%
%				\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{Definitions/logo-ccby.pdf}
%			}
%		\end{minipage}%
%		\begin{minipage}{0.85\textwidth}
%			\vspace{-3pt}Copyright \copyright \ {\@copyrightyear} The \@authornum. Published by Tech Science Press.\\
%			This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, 
%			which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 
%			provided the original work is properly cited.
%		\end{minipage}
%	}
%}



%%%% For tables XML2PDF
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  \newlength{\cellWidthT}
  \newlength{\cellWidthU}
  \newlength{\cellWidthV}
  \newlength{\cellWidthW}
  \newlength{\cellWidthX}
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%%%% Header and footer (all pages except the first) If continuous pagination is not used in the future.
%\renewcommand\headrule{} %% set line (from fancyhdr) in header to nothing
%\pagestyle{fancy}
%\lhead{{\fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont%
%		\ifthenelse{\equal{\@status}{submit}}{%
%			Version {\@ \today} submitted to {\journalname}%
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%			{\journalname\ }{\@pubyear};\@pubvolume(\@issuenum)%
%		}\\%
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%{\fontsize{8}{8}\selectfont
%	\ifthenelse{\equal{\@continuouspages}{\@empty}}{%
%		\thepage{} of \pageref*{LastPage}%
%	}{%
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40 KB — too long to show here. It arrives with the project.

%Tech Science Press

%=================================================================
\documentclass[journal,article,submit,moreauthors,pdftex]{Definitions/tsp} 
\input{Definitions/package}
\include{Definitions/unicode}

%----------
% journal
%----------
% % Choose between the following TSP journals:
%biocell, chd, cmc, cmes, csse, dedt, ee, fdmp, fhmt, iasc, icces, ijimh, jai, jbd, jbic, jcs, jihpp, jimh, jiot, jnm, jpm, jqc, jrm, or, phyton, po, rig, sdhm.
%---------
% article type
%---------
% The default type of manuscript is "article", but can be replaced by:
%abstract, analysis, article, biographical item, case report, commentary, communication, correction, editorial, guideline, introduction, mini review, open forum, perspective, proceedings, protocol, retraction, review, short communication, technical report, theory, tutorial, viewpoint

%----------
% submit status
%----------
% The class option "submit" will be changed to "accept" by the Editorial Office when the paper is accepted. This will only make changes to the frontpage (e.g., the logo of the journal will get visible), the headings, and the copyright information. Also, line numbering will be removed. Journal info and pagination for accepted papers will also be assigned by the Editorial Office.
%------------------
% moreauthors
%------------------
% If there is only one author the class option oneauthor should be used. Otherwise use the class option moreauthors.
%---------
% pdftex
%---------
% The option pdftex is for use with pdfLaTeX. If eps figures are used, remove the option pdftex and use LaTeX and dvi2pdf.

%=================================================================
% Internal commands---Please do not modify
\continuouspages{yes}
\firstpage{1} 
\makeatletter 
\setcounter{page}{\@firstpage} 
\makeatother
\pubvolume{1}
\issuenum{1}
\articlenumber{12345}
\pubyear{2025}
\copyrightyear{2025}
\datereceived{Day Month Year}
\dateaccepted{Day Month Year}
\datepublished{Day Month Year}
%\datecorrected{} % For corrected papers: "Corrected: XXX" date in the original paper.
%\dateretracted{} % For corrected papers: "Retracted: XXX" date in the original paper.
%\hreflink{https://doi.org/} %for future citation
%=================================================================
% Add packages and commands here. The following packages are loaded in the class file: fontenc, inputenc, calc, indentfirst, fancyhdr, graphicx, epstopdf, lastpage, ifthen, lineno, float, amsmath, setspace, enumitem, mathpazo, booktabs, titlesec, etoolbox, tabto, xcolor, soul, multirow, microtype, tikz, refcount, totcount, attrib, amsthm, upgreek, array, tabularx, pbox, ragged2e, tocloft, adjustbox, enotez

%=================================================================
%% Please use the following mathematics environments: Theorem, Lemma, Corollary, Proposition, Characterization, Property, Problem, Example, ExamplesandDefinitions, Hypothesis, Remark, Definition, Notation, Assumption
%% For proofs, please use the proof environment (the amsthm package is loaded by the TSP class).

%=================================================================
% Full title of the paper (Capitalized)
\Title{Title}
%\TitleCitation{Title}

% Author Orchid ID: enter ID or remove command
%\newcommand{\orcidauthorA}{0000-0000-000-000X} % Add \orcidA{} behind the author's name
%\newcommand{\orcidauthorB}{0000-0000-000-000X} % Add \orcidB{} behind the author's name

% Authors, for the paper (add full first names)
\Author{Firstname Lastname\textsuperscript{1,\#}, Firstname Lastname\textsuperscript{2,\#} and Firstname Lastname\textsuperscript{2,*}}
%\AuthorCitation{Lastname F, Lastname F, Lastname F}

% Authors, for metadata in PDF
\AuthorNames{Firstname Lastname, Firstname Lastname and Firstname Lastname}

% Affiliations / Addresses (Add [1] after \address if there is only one affiliation.)
\address{%
\textsuperscript{1}Affiliation 1 (Department/School/Faculty/Campus/\dots, University/\dots), City, Postcode, Country

\textsuperscript{2}Affiliation 2, City, Postcode, Country
}%`

% Contact information of the corresponding author
\corres{Corresponding Author: Author’s Name. Email: [email protected]}

% Current address and/or shared authorship
\firstnote{These authors contributed equally to this work.} 
\secondnote{}
%The commands \thirdnote{} till \myeighthnote{} are available for further notes

% Abstract (Do not use inserted blank lines, i.e. \\)
\abstract{Please type your abstract here. Abstracts of a research paper should be typically 200 to 400 words in length, and 150 to 300 words for a review paper. Abstracts shall be running continuously (not structured) and shall not include reference citations. Abbreviations that appear only once in the abstract should be defined in full. If abbreviations appear more than once, the full definitions should be provided first before they can be used elsewhere.}

% List 3 to 10  pertinent keywords specific to the article, yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.
\keyword{Keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List 3 to 10 pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline)}  

% The fields PACS, MSC, and JEL may be left empty or commented out if not applicable
%\PACS{}
%\MSC{}
%\JEL{}

\begin{document}

\section{Introduction} \label{sect:s1}
In introduction, authors should provide a context or background for the study (the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation. Cite only directly pertinent references, and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.
 
\section{Structure} \label{sect:s2}
A manuscript should include the following sections: Title, Author Names with Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Main Text (for Articles, a structured format, e.g., Introduction, Results, Discussion, Methods, Conclusions, is recommended, while Reviews may use a more flexible structure), Acknowledgment (if any), Funding Statement, Author Contributions, Availability of Data and Materials, Ethics Approval, Conflict of Interests, Supplementary Materials (if any), Glossary (if any), Appendices (if any), and References.

\subsection{Text Layout} \label{sect:s2dot1}
Paper size: US Letter (8.5″ $\times$ 11″ or 21.59 cm $\times$ 27.94 cm).

Paper Layout: Single column, Single spaced.

Use 0.75 cm indent on the first line of each new paragraph. Use single line spacing, 3 pt spacing after the paragraph. All levels of headings should use 12 pt spacing before, 3 pt after.

\subsection{Headings} \label{sect:s2dot2}
Please capitalize all initial letters of substantives of headings.
\begin{enumerate}[label=$\bullet$]
\item Level 1 headings for sections should be in bold, 11 pt, and be flushed to the left. Level 1 heading should be numbered using Arabic numbers, such as 1, 2, 3, \dots
\item Level 2 headings for subsections should be in bold-italic, 11 pt, and be flushed to the left. Level 2 headings should be numbered after the level one heading. For example, the second level two heading under the third level one heading should be numbered as 3.2.
\item Level 3 headings should be in italic, 11 pt, and be flushed to the left. Similarly, the level 3 headings should be numbered after the level two headings, such as 3.2.1, 3.2.2, \dots
\item Level 4 headings should be in not italic and not bold, 11 pt, and be flushed to the left. Level 4 headings should not be numbered. This is the last level of headings permitted.
\end{enumerate}


\section{Equations and Mathematical Expressions} \label{sect:s3}
Equations and mathematical expressions must be inserted into the main text.  Formulas should not be presented as images and can be formatted in either in-line or display style.

\subsection{In-Line Style}\label{sect:s3dot1}
In-line equations/expressions are embedded into the paragraphs of the text. For example,  $E = mc^2$. In-line equations or expressions should not be numbered and should use the same/similar font and size as the main text.

\subsection{Display Style}\label{sect:s3dot2}
Equations in display format should be separated from the surrounding text, aligned to the left of the column, with the equation label aligned to the right margin. Equations should be editable and numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals within parentheses, where applicable. See Eq. (1) for an example:
\begin{equation}
E = mc^2
\tag{1}
\end{equation}
the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text. When citing multiple equations, please use the format: Eqs. (1) and (2), Eqs. (1)--(3).

\subsection{Mathematical Expressions}\label{sect:s3dot3}
Theorem-type environments (including propositions, lemmas, corollaries, etc.) can be formatted as follows:
\begin{Theorem}
 Example text of a theorem (Text should be italic). Theorems, propositions, lemmas, etc. should be numbered sequentially (i.e., Theorem 2 follows Theorem 1). Examples or Remarks use the same formatting, but should be numbered separately, so a document may contain Theorem 1, Remark 1 and Example 1.
\end{Theorem}

The text continues here. Proofs must be formatted as follows:

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem 1]
 Text of the proof. Note that the phrase “of Theorem 1” is optional if it is clear which theorem is being referred to. Always finish a proof with the following symbol
\end{proof}

The text continues here.

\section{Figures and Tables} \label{sect:s4}
The first citation of figures and tables in the main text must follow a sequential order.

\subsection{Figures} \label{sect:s4dot1}
Figures should have relevant legends but should not contain the same information which is already described in the main text. Figures should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals and placed within the text immediately following their first citation to maintain a seamless flow and clarity in the presentation.

\subsubsection{Figure Format} \label{sect:s4dot1dot1}
Figures should be centered and should have a figure caption placed underneath.

To avoid any errors during position changes, please provide the combined image instead of editable pieces in the figure.

Figures should be scaled to a maximum width of 16.51 cm (6.50 in) and height of 20 cm (7.87~in), preserving their original proportions without distortion. The preferred format is .tif, with RGB color space, a DPI of 500+ (accepted image resolutions: Line Art $\geq$ 900 dpi, Halftone $\geq$ 300 dpi, Combo $\geq$ 600 dpi), no alpha channels, and flattened layers.

\subsubsection{Figure Labels and Captions} \label{sect:s4dot1dot2}
Figure labels must be sized in proportion to the image, sharp, and legible. The label size should be no smaller than 8-point and no larger than the font size of the main text. Labels must be saved using standard fonts (Arial, Helvetica or Symbol font) and should be consistent for all the figures. All labels should be in black, and should not be overlapped, faded, broken or distorted. Space must be inserted before measurement units. The first letter of each phrase, not each word, must be~capitalized.

Attention: (\textbf{A}) Unnecessary marks such as red wavy lines and hard (soft) returns are not allowed in figures. (\textbf{B}) Any special characters or icons in an image (e.g.,  \textsuperscript{*}, \textsuperscript{**},  \textsuperscript{***},  \textsuperscript{\#}, \dots) need to have a corresponding explanation (can be added in the image or caption). (\textbf{C}) References in the form of “[xx]” are not allowed in the image. If necessary, “Author + Year” format can be used in the image, and all mentioned references must be cited in the caption.

One-line caption should be centered in the column, in the format of “\textbf{Figure 1:} The text caption~\dots”. For one example, see \fig{fig:fig-1} below.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.08]{Definitions/logo-tsp.pdf}
\caption{This is a figure example. Please remove all non-English terms or add a definition for them}
\label{fig:fig-1}
\end{figure}   

If the caption has more than one line, the text should be justify aligned on both ends. For one example, see \fig{fig:fig-2} below.


\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
 \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[scale=0.08]{Definitions/logo-tsp.pdf} \\
        (\textbf{a})
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[scale=0.08]{Definitions/logo-tsp.pdf} \\
        (\textbf{b})
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[scale=0.08]{Definitions/logo-tsp.pdf} \\
        (\textbf{c})
    \end{minipage}
\caption{All special symbols and markings in the image require corresponding explanations in the caption. If there are multiple panels, they should be listed as: (\textbf{a}) Description of what is contained in the first panel; (\textbf{b}) Description of what is contained in the second panel; (\textbf{c}) Description of what is contained in the second panel. Ensure that permission has been obtained and there is no copyright issue. If copyright is needed, please provide a citation in the following format: “Reprinted/adapted with permission from reference [xx]. Copyright year, copyright owner’s name”}
\label{fig:fig-2}
\end{figure}   

When citing multiple figures, use the following formats: \cref{fig:fig-1,fig:fig-2}, Figs. 1--3, Fig. 3a,b, Fig.~4a--c. 
%\cref{fig:fig-1,fig:fig-2}, \cref{fig:fig-1,fig:fig-2,fig:fig-3}, \fig{fig:fig-3}a,b, \fig{fig:fig-4}a--c

\subsection{Tables} \label{sect:s4dot2}
Tables should also be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers. They should be placed in the text soon after the point where they are referenced. Tables should be centered and should have a table caption placed above. Please provide an editable table in MS Word format, not images.

Captions should be centered in the format “\textbf{Table 1:} The text caption \dots”. For one example, see \tabref{tabref:table-1}. If the caption has more than one line, the text should be aligned justified on both ends.

\begin{table}[H] 
 \tablesize{\footnotesize}
\caption{Please add an explanation for bold/italics/underline/color in the table footer}
\label{tabref:table-1}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCCC}
\toprule
\textbf{Header 1}	&\textbf{Header 2}	&\textbf{Header 3}	&\textbf{Header 4}\\
\midrule
Data\textsuperscript{*}	&data	&data	&data\\
data	&data	&data	&data\textsuperscript{1}\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\noindent{\footnotesize{\textsuperscript{*}The special note should be explained in table footer; \textsuperscript{1}The special note should be explained in table footer}}
\end{table}

When citing multiple tables, use the following formats: Tables 1 and 2, Tables 1--3, Tables 1, 2 and 4.
%\cref{tabref:table-1,tabref:table-2}, \cref{tabref:table-1,tabref:table-2,tabref:table-3}, \cref{tabref:table-1,tabref:table-2,tabref:table-4}

\section{Statements} \label{sect:s5}
Please note that the 6 pieces of information (Acknowledgement, Funding Statement, Author Contributions, Availability of Data and Materials, Ethics Approval, Conflicts of Interest) need to be truthfully provided at the end of the article.

\acknowledgments{This section is intended for acknowledging any support not covered under the Author Contributions or Funding Statement sections. This may include administrative and technical assistance, as well as in-kind contributions such as materials or equipment provided for the research. Please be aware that the specific funding grant number should only appear in the Funding Statement.}

\funding{Authors should describe sources of funding that have supported the work, including specific grant numbers, initials of authors who received the grant, and the URLs to sponsors’ websites: “This research was funded by Name of Funder, grant number xxx” or “The APC was funded by xxx”. If there is no funding support, please write “The author(s) received no specific funding for this study”.}

\authorcontributions{The Author Contributions statement is mandatory for research articles, except for papers with a single author. It should represent all the authors and is to be included upon submission. All listed authors should have substantially contributed to the manuscript and have approved the final submitted version, which should include a description of each author’s specific work and contribution. We suggest the following format for the contribution statement:\\
“The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: Conceptualization, First-name Lastname1 and First-name Lastname2; methodology, First-name Lastname1; software, First-name Lastname1; validation, First-name Lastname1, First-name Lastname2 and First-name Lastname3; formal analysis, First-name Lastname1; investigation, First-name Lastname1; resources, First-name Lastname1; data curation, First-name Lastname1; writing---original draft preparation, First-name Lastname1; writing---review and editing, First-name Lastname1; visualization, First-name Lastname1; supervision, First-name Lastname1; project administration, First-name Lastname1; funding acquisition, First-name Lastname1. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript”\\
Please turn to the \href{https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles-defined/}{CRediT role descriptors---CRediT} for the term explanation.}

\availabilityofdataandmaterials{This statement should make clear how readers can access the data used in the study and explain why any unavailable data cannot be released. The following five statements are offered for reference:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Data openly available in a public repository.
\item[] “The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [URL].”
\item Data available within the article or its Supplementary Materials.
\item[] “The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its Supplementary Materials.”
\item Data available on request from the authors.
\item[] “The data that support the findings of this study are available from the Corresponding Author, [author initials], upon reasonable request.”
\item Data not available due to [ethical/legal/commercial] restrictions.
\item[] “Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.”
\item “Not applicable.” (This article does not involve data availability, and this section is not applicable).
\end{enumerate}}

\ethicsapproval{Guidelines for ethical approval statements may differ based on the journal, a standard ethical approval statement will usually include:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Whether or not the study included human or animal subjects. In all cases, the ethical approval status of the work should be stated in the ethical approval statement.
\item The committee which approved the study.
\item The compliance documents. What policies, declarations, acts, etc.
\item Persistent identifier: reference or approval number. Include the registration ID/reference number if applicable.
\item “Not applicable.” for studies not involving humans or animals.
\end{enumerate}}

\conflictsofinterest{Declare conflicts of interest or state: “The author(s) declare(s) no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study”.} 

%% Optional
\supplementary{Supplementary Materials should be uploaded separately on submission. The supplementary files will also be available to the referees as part of the peer-review process. Any file format is acceptable; however, we recommend that common, non-proprietary formats are used where possible. Supplementary materials should be clean, without tracked changes, highlights, comments or line numbers. Supplementary figures must be clear and readable, and we recommend a minimum resolution of 300 dpi, figure legends must be clear and accurate. Supplementary materials must be mentioned in the main text. The citation format of Supplementary Figure, Table, Equation, etc., should start with a prefix “S” (i.e., Fig. S1, Eq. (S2), Table S1, etc.).}

%% Optional
\abbreviations{Abbreviations}{\indent The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:\\

\noindent 
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll}
Term 1 & Interpretation 1\\
Term 2 & Interpretation 2\\
Term 3 & Interpretation 3
\end{tabular}}

%% Optional
\appendixstart
\appendix
\section[\appendixname~\thesection]{ } \label{app:app1}
\subsection[\appendixname~\thesubsection]{ } \label{app:app1dot1}
The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data supplemental to the main text. Authors that need to include an Appendix section should place it before the References section. Multiple appendices should all have headings in the style used for above. They should be ordered as such: A, B, and C, etc.

\section[\appendixname~\thesection]{} \label{app:app2}
Appendix sections must be referenced in the main text. Within the appendices, figures, tables, and other elements should be labeled starting with “A”---e.g., Figure A1, \tabref{tabref:table-a1}, etc. %\fig{fig:fig-a1}

\begin{table}[H] 
\tablesize{\footnotesize}
\caption{Please note that even the elements in Appendix B are prefixed with "A" before their numbers}
\label{tabref:table-a1}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{CCCC}
\toprule
\textbf{Header 1}	&\textbf{Header 2}	&\textbf{Header 3}	&\textbf{Header 4}\\
\midrule
Data	&data	&data	&data\\
data	&data	&data	&data\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}


% Please provide either the correct journal abbreviation (e.g. according to the “List of Title Word Abbreviations” http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/) or the full name of the journal.
% Citations and References in Supplementary files are permitted provided that they also appear in the reference list here. 
% All references should be cited in the main text sequentially (including citations in tables and legends) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend preparing the references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote, Mendeley or Zotero, to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references where available.
%For citations of references, please use square brackets and consecutive numbers, e.g., [1], [2,3], [4--6]. For embedded citations in the text with pagination, use both parentheses and brackets to indicate the reference number and page numbers; for example [5] (p. 10), or [6] (p. 101--105). When a cited reference is the subject of a sentence, use the author’s last name (e.g., Rhee [1]) or “Reference/Ref.” (e.g., Reference [1]). For multiple authors, use the first author followed by et al. (e.g., Al-Khshali et al. [2] or Refs. [4--6]). It is not recommended to cite more than 5 consecutive references. Citations and references in the Supplementary Materials are permitted if they also appear in the reference list here.
%Please include the first 6 authors’ names before using “et al.” in the references.
%The following are examples of the reference style (Vancouver style), which should be strictly adhered to (More details of style can refer to: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/).

%=====================================
% References, variant A: external bibliography
%=====================================
%\bibliography{your_external_BibTeX_file}

%=====================================
% References, variant B: internal bibliography
%=====================================

\reftitle{References}
\begin{thebibliography}{999}
%%Journal
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Name. Year;volume(issue):pagination.
%Author AA Jr, Author BB 2nd, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF, et al. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Name. Year;volume(issue):pagination.
\bibitem{ref-1}
Rhee HS. Chosen-ciphertext attack secure public-key encryption with keyword search. Comput Mater Contin. 2022;73(1):69--85. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.026751}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-2}
Al-Khshali HH, Ilyas M. Impact of portable executable header features on malware detection accuracy. Comput Mater Contin. 2023;74(1):153--78. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.032182}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-3}
Khan MA, Usman M, Zhao Y. First principles calculations for corrosion in Mg-Li-Al alloys with focus on corrosion resistance: a comprehensive review. Comput Mater Contin. 2024;81(2):1905--52. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.054691}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-4}
Dong Y, Zhao K, Gao L, Li H. A hybrid level set optimization design method of functionally graded cellular structures considering connectivity. Comput Mater Contin. 2024;79(1):1--18. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.048870}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-5}
Long Y, Zhong J, Zhang T, Chen L, Zhang L. Multiscale simulation of microstructure evolution during preparation and service processes of physical vapor deposited c-TiALN coatings. Comput Mater Contin. 2024;79(3):3435--53. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.0516290}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-6}
Shoeibi M, Nevisi MMS, Salehi R, Martín D, Halimi Z, Baniasadi S. Enhancing hyper-spectral image classification with reinforcement learning and advanced multi-objective binary grey wolf optimization. Comput Mater Contin. 2024;79(3):3469--93. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.049847}{CrossRef}]
\bibitem{ref-7}
Hong Y, Fang S, Su J, Xu W, Wei Y, Wu J, et al. A novel approach for image encryption with chaos-RNA. Comput Mater Contin. 2023;77(1):139--60. [\href{https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.043424}{CrossRef}]

%%Book
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the book. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Pagination (Optional).
%Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of the book. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Pagination (Optional).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the book. xth ed. (if not first) Vol. x (if any). Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Pagination (Optional).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the book. xth ed. Translator AA, translator. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Pagination (Optional).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the book. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Section/Table/Charts/… x; Pagination (Required).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of the book. xth ed. (if not first) Publisher Location: Publisher; Year. Pagination (Required).
\bibitem{ref-8}
Jenkins PF. Making sense of the chest X-ray: a hands-on guide. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press; 2005. 194 p.
\bibitem{ref-9}
Eyre HJ, Lange DP, Morris LB. Informed decisions: the complete book of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. 2nd ed. Atlanta, GA, USA: American Cancer Society; 2002. 768 p
\bibitem{ref-10}
Friedman EA, L’Esperance FA Jr, editors. Diabetic renal-retinal syndrome: pathogenesis and management update 2002. Boston, MA, USA: Kluwer Academic; 2002. 246 p
\bibitem{ref-11}
Voet D, Voet JG. Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Vol. 2, The expression and transmission of genetic information. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley \& Sons; 2004. p. 1107--560.
\bibitem{ref-12}
Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. Textbook of veterinary medicine: diseases of the dog and cat. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO, USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. Section 7, Dietary considerations of systemic problems; p. 553--98.
\bibitem{ref-13}
Newton CW, Brown CE Jr. Geriatric endodontics. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Pathways of the pulp. 7th ed. Burns RC, illustrator. St. Louis, MO, USA: Mosby; 1998. p. 759--90.

%%Conferences
%Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Book title (Optional). Conference Title: (Proceedings of the) xth Name of Conference; Date of Conference; Location of the Conference (Optional). Publisher Location: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination (Optional).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the paper. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Book title (Optional). Conference Title: (Proceedings of the) xth Name of Conference; Date of Conference; Location of the Conference (Optional). Publisher Location: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination (Required).
%Author AA, Author BB. Title of the paper/Poster session. Paper/Poster session presented at: Name of the conference; Date of Conference; Location of the Conference (Optional).
\bibitem{ref-14}
Ferreira de Oliveira MJ, editor. Accessibility and quality of health services. Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the European Working Group on Operational Research Applied to Health Services (ORAHS); 2002 Jul 28--Aug 2; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang; 2004. 287 p.
\bibitem{ref-15}
Dittmar A, Beebe D, editors. 1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine \& Biology; 2000 Oct 12--14; Lyon, France. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE; 2000. 643 p.
\bibitem{ref-16}
Leonard KJ, Winkelman W. Developing electronic patient records: employing interactive methods to ensure patient involvement. In: Ferreira de Oliveira MJ, editor. Accessibility and quality of health services. Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the European Working Group on Operational Research Applied to Health Services (ORAHS); 2002 Jul 28--Aug 2; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang; 2004. p. 241--55.
\bibitem{ref-17}
Rice AS, Farquhar-Smith WP, Bridges D, Brooks JW. Canabinoids and pain. In: Dostorovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain; 2002 Aug 17--22; San Diego, CA, USA. Seattle, WA, USA: IASP Press; 2003. p. 437--68.
\bibitem{ref-18}
Patrias K. Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing. 46th Annual Meeting of the Council of Science Editors; 2003 May 3--6; Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

%% Dissertations and Theses
%Author AA. Title of dissertation [dissertation/master’s thesis]. Location: Institution Name; Year of publication. Pagination (Optional).
\bibitem{ref-19}
Jones DL. The role of physical activity on the need for revision total knee arthroplasty in individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee [dissertation]. Pittsburgh, PA, USA: University of Pittsburgh; 2001. 436 p.
\bibitem{ref-20}
Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive training guide for social work professionals [master’s thesis]. Long Beach, CA, USA: California State University; 2005. 101 p.

%%Web Sites
%Author AA/Organization (Optional). Title of electronic publication/webpage [Internet/Video/…]. Publisher Location: Publisher (Optional); Date of publication (Optional) [cited 2024 Jan 1]. Available from: http://URL.
\bibitem{ref-21}
Complementary/Integrative Medicine [Internet]. Houston, TX, USA: University of Texas; 2007 [cited 2007 Feb 21]. Available from: \url{http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/CIMER/}.

%%Patents
%Inventor AA, Inventor BB, inventors; Assignee AA, assignee. Title of the patent. Country of patent Patent number. Issue date/grant date.
\bibitem{ref-22}
Caffey JC, Moe R, Freund MA, Hutton J, inventors; Carbomedics Inc., assignee. Heart valve stent with alignment posts. United States patent US 6,635,085. 2003 Oct 21.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}