Turkish Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (tjaa)

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#                                                                         #
#                          READ ITEMS [0] & [1]                           #
#                          BEFORE YOU GO FURTHER                          #
#                                                                         #
# v1.0 - 01.04.2021: First Release (S.K.Yerli)                            #
# v1.1 - 01.01.2022: Updated for tjaa-2.1 release                         #
# v1.2 - 01.09.2024: Updated for tjaa-3.0 release                         #
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[0] Description of files in this folder

    Example article produced from "TJAA LaTeX Template"
    -----------------------------------------------------------
    Example.tex - LaTeX source file (Encoding: UTF-8)
    Example.bib - BibTeX source file (Encoding: UTF-8)
    Example.pdf - PDF file of source produced with "pdflatex" command

    Example-Turkce.tex - LaTeX source file - for Turkish (Encoding: UTF-8)
    Example-Turkce.pdf - PDF file of source produced with "pdflatex" command

    "TJAA LaTeX Template"
    -----------------------------------------------------------
    tjaa.cls    - 'LaTeX Class' file
    tjaa.bst    - 'BibTeX Style' file

[1] Usage of TJAA Template

    Below you will find instructions for different typesetting habits.
    Please choose the one suits best for you and apply.

    PERSONAL USAGE
    ----------------
    If you would like to use the template personally please continue
    reading on [A] or [B].

    SERVER WIDE
    ----------------
    If you are a system admin continue at [C] and follow the instructions
    there and then announce the folder paths to users at the end of this
    section.


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#                 DIFFERENT WAYS OF USING tjaa.cls TEMPLATE               #
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[A] Quick Start - For those who knows what to do with LaTeX
-----------------------------------------------------------

    1) Create a folder for your manuscript (eg. TJAA_Surname.Name).

    2) Copy files under "TJAA LaTeX Template" and "Example.tex" file.

       If you plan to write more than one manuscript create subfolders
       (eg TJAA_Surname.Name/M01, TJAA_Surname.Name/M02 etc) and copy these
       files into each of the subfolder.

    3) Copy your visual materials (only PNG and PDF extension could be used)
       into this folder.

    4) Rename "Example.tex" file to "Surname.Name-MXX.tex" so that it is not
       mixed up with similar named files.

    5) Edit this file with your typesetting habits and tools.
       Please follow all warnings stated in "Sample Article". This way
       corresponding issue will be produced faster.

       Thank you in advance for your understanding.

    6) Produce the PDF file from the LaTeX source file.
       PLEASE USE ONLY THE COMMAND "pdflatex latex_file" -or- CORRESPONDING
       WINDOWS/MAC FUNCTION.
       Make sure that only "warnings" exists in the file with ".log" extension.
       Make sure that at the end of the file a PDF file has been created.

       Open up the PDF file. Important details that you have to check:
       (a) Are all author names and addresses correct?
       (b) Is the order of author list correct?
       (c) Are all figures and tables included?
       (d) Are all captions numbered in correct order?
       (e) Are all cited work (references) listed at the end?
       (f) Are all citations clickable.
       (g) [special to UAK] Are you within the page limit?

    7) We recommend that you create a sub-folder (eg TJAA-v1) within the
       article folder to upload your article into TJAA reviewing process.
       The versioning part "vxx" at the end of the folder name will help you
       to manage the reviewing process.
       In such a folder keep ONLY the following files:

       The files with the same filenames (eg Soyad.Ad-M01):
          (1) Single LaTeX source file with ".tex" extension.
          (2) Single BibTeX file with ".bib" extension.
              It will be ignored if BibTeX style of referencing is not used.
       The files with different filenames:
          (3) All visual material with either ".png" or ".pdf" extension.
              NO OTHER FILE EXTENSIONS ARE ALLOWED.
              Resolution of each file should be at least 300 dpi or higher.

    For TJAA Article
    ----------------
    8) Register to Dergipark -or- signin to Dergipark:
       https://dergipark.org.tr/

    9) Follow the guidelines in:
       https://dergipark.org.tr/journal/2894/submission/start

    For TJAA - Special Issue (i.e UAK)
    ----------------------------------
    8) Signin to "basvur.uak.info.tr" using registered UAK e-mail address.
       (b) Observe UAK calendar.
       (c) If your presentation is accepted for pyblication by the SOC
           then you have to register/login to DergiPark (see above)
	   and submit there.

       Thanks in advance for your contribution.


[B] LaTeX Information for Beginners or End Users
------------------------------------------------

    1) If you know "nothing" or "little" about LaTeX, please follow
       installations and guidelines in the following link:

       http://math.ucr.edu/~huerta/latexforbeginners.html

    2) Similarly, start with the following links for LaTeX Usage:

       https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Basics

       http://www.latex-tutorial.com/tutorials/beginners/

       http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/precalc/docs/LaTeX-cheat-sheet.pdf

    3) Please read the following links to learn all about LaTeX editing:

       https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management

       http://merkel.zoneo.net/Latex/natbib.php


    Getting help from those who have been using LaTeX will speed the learning
    curve. After some struggle and attempts, you will be able to focus only
    on writing; this is the main philosophy of LaTeX:

        importance is on WHAT you write rather than HOW you write it

    Therefore, copying "Example Article" file mentioned in section [0] and
    filling the sections according to your article completes the most
    important initial stage in producing article using LaTeX. We recommend to
    get help without delay, when you have trouble editing Figure, Table or
    References.

    At this moment you have to complete section [A] by going through the
    guideline by yourself or find someone to do it.

    Thanks in advance for your contribution and understanding.

[C] Server Installation for TJAA LaTeX Template (admin)
-------------------------------------------------------

    No installation file (.ins) is provided for TJAA template. Therefore
    "manual" installation has to be done.
    Until this installation file is available please follow the instruction
    below for the installation of the template.

    1) DOWNLOAD  tjaa-X.XX.zip file

    2) UNZIP the content into a temporary folder:

       Unix/Linux:
       -----------
       cd /tmp
       unzip tjaa-X.XX.zip
       cd tjaa-X.XX

       Windows:
       --------
       * Right-click on the ZIP file.
       * Choose "Extract Here" option (or equivalent).
       * A folder named "tjaa-X.XX" will be created. Go to this folder.

    3) COPY the files into proper folders:

       If you haven't installed an external LaTeX package you have to create a
       local directory structure. It has to be compliant to TDS standards so
       the LaTeX could access to your files.

       For WINDOWS, you could manage all operations using a GUI program
       provided by the LaTeX distribution. Even though it depends on the
       distribution, you should look for "Add/Import external package".

       One way or another construct the following directory structure:
       ---------------------------------------------------------------
       /usr/local/share/
           .../texmf/tex/latex/tjaa/
           .../texmf/bibtex/bib/tjaa/
           ................/bst/tjaa/
           .../texmf/doc/latex/tjaa/

       The folder "/usr/local/share/texmf" has to be defined as TEXMFLOCAL for
       LaTeX. Due to the differences in LaTeX distributions creating or
       defining TEXMFLOCAL will be different. Please do this using your own
       resources.

       Copy Files:
       -----------
       tjaa.cls        => TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex/tjaa
       tjaa.bst        => TEXMFLOCAL/bibtex/bst/tjaa
       00_* Example*   => TEXMFLOCAL/doc/latex/tjaa

    4) REPRODUCE LaTeX directory hash (database):

       You have to find corresponding directory hash program which is
       different for different distributions.
       For teTeX, TeXlive it is "texhash".

       For WINDOWS equivalent please read the following link:
       http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/miktex.html

    5) ANNOUNCE

    6) For the advanced LaTeX users:
       https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Installing_Extra_Packages

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#                                                                         #
#          IF YOU SPOT MISTAKES OR HAVE COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS          #
#                 PLEASE SEND THEM DIRECTLY TO S.K.YERLI                  #
#                             THANK YOU                                   #
#                                                                         #
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%---------------------------------------------------------------------
% TJAA - Example Article - Example.tex
%
% This file format has been adapted from Springer's llncs proc package.
%
% Producer: Springer
% Adapted by Sinan Kaan Yerli, ODTU Fizik Bolumu, Ekim 2010.
%
% Version: 2015-06-15 - 1.1
% Version: 2019-08-01 - 2.0
% Version: 2021-04-01 - 2.1
% Version: 2022-01-01 - 2.2
% 	- added Example-Turkce file using \TRlang
% 	  which explains multi language abstract
% 	- updated explanations in manuscript meta-data notes
% 	- added sections: Astro. Macros, Astro. Journals
% 	- added description for new columntypes
% 	- added section for auth-year commands
% Version: 2022-01-22 - 2.3
%	- added Disclosure section
% Version: 2024-09-01 - 2.4
%	- updated author & address usage with new commands
%	- updated abstract description
%	- updated keyword description
%	- added descr. for new astronomical macros
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[usenatbib]{tjaa}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
% Türkçe karakterler ile yazmak ve Türkçe heceleme icin aşağıdaki
% paketin etkin olması zorunludur.
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%%%%% AUTHORS - PLACE YOUR OWN PACKAGES HERE %%%%%
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newsavebox\verbbox

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% PLEASE DONT DELETE LINES CONTAINING "%%%%TJAA-OZEL"          %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% PLEASE DONT CLEAR -OR- MOVE OUT OF THE LINE THE TEXTS        %%%%
%%%%   CONTAINING "%%%%TJAA-OZEL"                                 %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% IF YOU HAVE YOUR OWN TEX FILE, IN THE SAME WAY USED IN       %%%%
%%%% THIS FILE POPULATE CORRESPONDING LINES OR LINE ENDINGS       %%%%
%%%% WITH "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" **MANUALLY**.                           %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% ------------------------------------------------------------ %%%%
%%%% LUTFEN "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" SATIRLARINI SILMEYIN                  %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% LUTFEN SATIR SONLARINDAKI "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" BOLUMLERINI        %%%%
%%%%   SILMEYIN YA DA SATIRDAN KOPARMAYIN                         %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% ONCEDEN KODLANMIS BIR TEX DOSYANIZ VARSA BU DOSYADA          %%%%
%%%% KULLANILDIGI GIBI "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" SATIRLARINI VE SATIR SONU  %%%%
%%%% EKLENTILERINI **ELLE** EKLEYIN                               %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BASLIK%
% NOTES (title):
% 1) If you need to put a \newline in the title
%    then you HAVE TO specify the short title
%    DONT USE [] (short title) if your title not overlapping short author
\title[Short Title max 45 chars]{Example Article for Turkish Journal\newline of Astronomy and Astrophysics}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:TITLE%

% NOTES (authors):
% 1) For single author don't number single affiliation addreess.
% 2) If you need two or more lines of authors, use \newauthor (see below usage)
% 3) ORCID is required for ALL authors
% 4) Short author should be either A.U. Thor et.al -or- A. U. Thor
\author[F. Author \others]{%
First Author\autid{1}{0000-0000-0000-0000}\thanks{[email protected]},
A. N. Other\autid{2}{0000-0000-0000-0000},
Third Author\autid{2,3}{0000-0000-0000-0000},
\newauthor
Fourth Author\autid{3}{0000-0000-0000-0000}
\\
% NOTES (List of institutions):
% 1) Don't put \\ at the last institution
\adrid{1}University, Department, City Post Code, Country\\
\adrid{2}Department, Institution, Street Address, City Postal Code, Country\\
\adrid{3}Another Department, Different Institution, Street Address, City Postal Code, Country%
}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:AUTHOR%
% These dates and numbers will be filled out by the publisher
\date{Accepted: XXX. Revised: YYY. Received: ZZZ.}
%
\renewcommand{\pubyear}{0000}
\renewcommand{\volume}{0}
\renewcommand{\issue}{0}

% NOTES (language):
% 1) Default language of TJAA is ENGLISH.
% 2a) If your manuscript is in ENGLISH then leave both commands as commented
%\ENlang
% 2b) If your manuscript is in TURKISH then uncomment only below command
\TRlang

\begin{document}
% Don't change these 3 lines
\label{firstpage}
\pagerange{\pageref{firstpage}--\pageref{lastpage}}
\maketitle{M00-0000}

\begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%
% NOTES (abstract):
% >>>>>IF LANGUAGE IS IN ENGLISH<<<<< | >>>>>IF LANGUAGE IS IN TURKISH<<<<< | 
% \begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%  | \begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%  
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% \end{abstract}                      | \ozet
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,          
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         
%                                     | \end{abstract}
%
% 0) Please follow above example for abstract
% 1) If your language is in ENGLISH
%    (a) put your abstract below and
%    (b) delete (2) option text below
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.
Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.
Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna.
Donec vehicula augue eu neque.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
% 2) If your manuscript is in TURKISH (otherwise ignore below usage)
%    a) Write TURKISH abstract above
%    b) "uncomment" the command '\ozet' below
%    c) Put ENGLISH abstract below the command
\ozet
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.
Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.
Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna.
Donec vehicula augue eu neque.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
\end{abstract}
% NOTES (Keywords):
% 1) Select minimum one and maximum six entries from the approred list 
% 2) Don't make up new ones.
% 3) THEY HAVE TO BE ALL IN ENGLISH
%
\begin{keywords}
% W A R N I N G : ***** N O  T U R K I S H  K E Y W O R D S *****
keyword1 -- keyword2 -- keyword3
% W A R N I N G : ***** N O  T U R K I S H  K E Y W O R D S *****
\end{keywords}

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BILDIRI%
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{First Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\subsection{First Section - First sub-Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\subsubsection{First Section - First sub-sub-Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\paragraph{First Section - First sub-sub-Section - Paragraph}

%\lipsum[1]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut
purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.
Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy
eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec vehicula
augue eu neque. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus
et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Mauris ut leo.
Cras viverra metus rhoncus sem. Nulla et lectus vestibulum
urna fringilla ultrices. Phasellus eu tellus sit amet tortor gravida
placerat. Integer sapien est, iaculis in, pretium quis, viverra ac,
nunc. Praesent eget sem vel leo ultrices bibendum. Aenean
faucibus. Morbi dolor nulla, malesuada eu, pulvinar at, mollis
ac, nulla. Curabitur auctor semper nulla. Donec varius orci eget
risus.


\newpage
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Fine tuning the manuscript}

A new command is introduced to collect all astronomical objects into a
database:
\verb|\Aobj{Cyg X-1}|.
The following code
``\verb|Andromeda galaxy (\Aobj{M31}) ...|''
will produce
``Andromeda galaxy (\Aobj{M31}) ...''
and the object (M31) will be added to the object database.

Links to web pages can be given within the text using \verb|\url| command:
The command \verb|\url{https://tad.org.tr}| will produce
\url{https://tad.org.tr}.
For longer URLs you can merge the URL into text using the web format.
The command
\verb|\href{https://dergipark.org.tr/tjaa}{TJAA}|\\
will produce a link to \href{https://dergipark.org.tr/tjaa}{TJAA}.

Some of the common commands, properties and habits:
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.15\columnwidth}p{.75\columnwidth}}
\verb|\,|   & a thin space, e.g.\ between numbers or between units
              and numbers; a line division will not be made
              following this space\\
\verb|--|   & en dash; two strokes, without a space at either end;
	      put in between numbers to increase readability\\
\verb*| -- |& en dash; two strokes, with  a space at either end\\
\verb|-|    & hyphen; one stroke, no space at either end\\
\verb|$-$|  & minus, in the text {\em only} \\
{\em Input} & \verb|21\,$^{\circ}$C etc.,|\\
            & \verb|Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots|\\
            & \verb|1950--1985 \dots|\\
            & \verb|this -- printed on a computer|\\
{\em Output}& 21\,$^{\circ}$C etc., Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots\\
            & 1950--1985 \dots\\
            & this -- printed on a computer
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Special text typefaces}

Normal type (roman text) need not be coded. Three different command
emphasizes the text:
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.32\columnwidth}p{.6\columnwidth}}
\verb|{\itshape Text}|   & {\itshape Italicized Text}\\
\verb|{\em Text}|   & {\em Emphasized Text --
   if you would like to emphasize a {\em definition} within an
   italicized text (e.g.\ of a {\em theorem}) you should code the
   expression to be emphasized by} \verb|\em|.\\
\verb|{\bfseries Text}|& {\bfseries Important Text}\\
\verb|\vec{Symbol}| & Vectors may only appear in math mode. The default
   \LaTeX{} vector symbol has been adapted\footnotemark\
   to LLNCS conventions.\\[2pt]
 & \verb|$\vec{A \times B\cdot C}|\\
 & ... yields $\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
%\footnotetext{If you absolutely must revive the original \LaTeX{}
%design of the vector symbol (as an arrow accent), please specify the
%option \texttt{[orivec]} in the \texttt{documentclass} line.}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Astronomical Macros}

List of short cuts for astronomy. Note that all of the macros listed below are
math mode safe i.e. \verb|$12\degr$| and \verb|12\degr| will produce the same
text.
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{large}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.50\columnwidth}@{~}p{.40\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|12 \fd     34\fh     56| & $12\fd34\fh56$ \\
\verb|12 \fm     34\fs     56| & $12\fm34\fs56$ \\
\verb|12 \fdg    34\fas    56| & $12\fdg34\fas56$ \\
\verb|12 \fp     3456        | & $12\fp3456$ \\
\verb|12 \farcm  34\farcs  56| & $12\farcm34\farcs56$ \\
\verb|12 \arcmin 34\arcsec 56| & 12\arcmin34\arcsec56 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{large}
\end{flushleft}
\newpage
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{large}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.50\columnwidth}@{~}p{.50\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|1\degr                | & 1\degr \\
\verb|1\Fd  2\Fh  3\Fm  4\Fs| & $1\Fd 2\Fh 3\Fm 4\Fs$ \\
\verb|1\Fdg 2\Fam 3\Fas     | & $1\Fdg 2\Fam 3\Fas$ \\
&\\[-2pt]
\verb|1 {M,R,L,T}\solarxxx  | & $1\solarmass 1\solarrad 1\solarlum 1\solartemp$ \\
\verb|1 {unit}\perxxx       | & g\perone m\persq s\percube \\
\verb|\renkBV \renkEBV      | & $\renkBV=\renkEBV$ \\
\verb|\renkUB \renkEUB      | & $\renkUB=\renkEUB$ \\
\verb|12 \micron \ion{H}{II}| & $12\micron$ \ion{H}{II} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{large}
\end{flushleft}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Astronomical Journals}

List of journal abbreviations used in TJAA references. Note that to fit into
the page only a partial list shown here.
\begin{verbatim}
\aap \aapr \aaps \aat \actaa \afz \aj \ao \apj
\apjl \apjs \aplett \apss \araa \arep \aspc \azh
\baas \caa \cjaa \iaucirc \icarus \japa \jrasc
\mnras \na \nar \nat \pasa \pasj \pasp \planss
\procspie \qjras \rmxaa \sci \skytel \solphys
\sovast \ssr \tjaa \an \psj          \vark
\end{verbatim}
\begin{footnotesize}
\aap		~$\bullet$
\aapr		~$\bullet$
\aaps		~$\bullet$
\aat		~$\bullet$
\actaa		~$\bullet$
\afz		~$\bullet$
\aj		~$\bullet$
\ao 		~$\bullet$
\apj		~$\bullet$
\apjl		~$\bullet$
\apjs		~$\bullet$
\aplett		~$\bullet$
\apss		~$\bullet$
\araa		~$\bullet$
\arep		~$\bullet$
\aspc		~$\bullet$
\azh		~$\bullet$
\baas		~$\bullet$
\caa		~$\bullet$
\cjaa		~$\bullet$
\iaucirc	~$\bullet$
\icarus		~$\bullet$
\japa		~$\bullet$
\jrasc		~$\bullet$
\mnras		~$\bullet$
\na		~$\bullet$
\nar		~$\bullet$
\nat		~$\bullet$
\pasa		~$\bullet$
\pasj		~$\bullet$
\pasp		~$\bullet$
\planss		~$\bullet$
\procspie	~$\bullet$
\qjras		~$\bullet$
\rmxaa		~$\bullet$
\sci		~$\bullet$
\skytel		~$\bullet$
\solphys	~$\bullet$
\sovast		~$\bullet$
\ssr		~$\bullet$
\an		~$\bullet$
\psj		~$\bullet$
\tjaa\\\vark
\end{footnotesize}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Footnotes}

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}~\\
Text with a footnote\verb|\footnote{The |{footnotes are numbered automatically.}\verb|}| and text continues \dots

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output}~\\
Text with a footnote\footnote{The footnotes are numbered automatically.}
and text continues \dots

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Lists}

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
  \item First item
  \item Second item
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item First nested item
    \item Second nested item
  \end{enumerate}
  \item Third item
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output}
\begin{enumerate}
  \item First item
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item First nested item
  \end{enumerate}
  \item Second item
\end{enumerate}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\newpage
\section{Floating environments: Figures \& Tables}
\begin{lrbox}{\verbbox}
\verb|\protect\citep{author2021}|
\end{lrbox}

They should be inserted after (not in) the  paragraph in which the figure is
first mentioned.
They will be numbered automatically.
Note that figures (and tables) become floating environments if they are not
attached to main text.
Therefore if you want to place the figure (or table) correctly
\textbf{do not add empty lines} before \verb|\begin{figure}| or
\verb|\begin{table}|.

If you have many floating blocks (figures or tables) you have two choices:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Push all floats to the end \textbf{with no space between the blocks} in the
same order as they are referenced;
\item
Start arranging the location of floats from the very first float putting and
fixing its location couple of paragraphs before it is referenced first. This
way the floats will be -/+ 1 one page away from its expecting location.
\end{enumerate}
The image file formats are limited to only PNG or PDF types.

\subsection{Figures}

To leave the desired amount of space for the height of your figures, please
use the coding described below.
Please note that ``\verb|x|'' in the following coding stands for the actual
height of the figure:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{x cm}
%              (Use [ ] for short caption)
\caption[ ]{...text of caption...}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{2.5cm}
\caption{This is the caption of the figure
displaying nothing leaving a vertical space
of 2.5 cm.
If you need to use cited references in
caption use \protect command:
\protect\citep{author2021}.}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output.}{\itshape Figure is placed at the top of the column} 
\begin{figure}
\vspace{2.5cm}
\caption{%
This is the caption of the figure displaying nothing leaving a vertical space
of 2.5 cm. If you need to use cited references in caption use the following
command: \usebox{\verbbox}.}
\end{figure}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\newpage
\subsection{Tables}

Table captions should be treated in the same way as figure legends, except
that the table captions appear {\itshape above} the tables. 
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{table}
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
\begin{tabular}{rllllL{7mm}@{}C{7mm}@{}R{7mm}}
\hline     % No need to use \noalign{\smallskip}
${\mathrm M}_\odot$
  & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
  & $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
  & L & C & R \\
\hline
% You dont need to use      \noalign{\smallskip}
% around the \hline command.
% It is provided internally.
 30 & 0.82 & 38.4 & 35.7 & 154 &1   &1    &1  \\
 60 & 0.67 & 42.1 & 34.7 & 138 &12  &12   &12 \\
120 & 0.52 & 45.1 & 34.0 & 124 &123 &123  &123\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output:}
Table is placed at the top of this column. To place flowing text
correctly, start a new paragraph by pressing enter twice after the table.
\begin{table}
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
\centering
% Please dont use commands giving extra vertical or horizontal spacing.
% They are all deleted or converted to publisher standards.
\begin{tabular}{rllllL{7mm}@{}C{7mm}@{}R{7mm}}
% When \tabcolsep is used your table will take more space than expected.
%\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\hline
${\mathrm M}_\odot$
  & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
  & $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
  & L & C & R \\
\hline
 30 &0.82 &38.4 &35.7 &154 &1   &1   &1  \\
 60 &0.67 &42.1 &34.7 &138 &12  &12  &12 \\
120 &0.52 &45.1 &34.0 &124 &123 &123 &123\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Two important notes:
(1) 4 new columntypes introduced (P, L, C, R) -- last three
shown here.
For example \verb|C{1cm}| centers the content of the column to 1 cm width.
(2) If you use \verb|dcolumn| option for \verb|tjaa| style, 3 new column types
(namely, \verb|d . ,|) can be used to align the numbers in the column content.

For further information you will find a complete description of the tabular
environment on p.~62~ff. and p.~204 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \&
Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport.

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Symbols and Characters}

\subsection*{Special Symbols}

You may need to use special signs.  The available ones are listed in the {\em
\LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport, pp.~41\,ff. We
have created further symbols for math mode (enclosed in \$):
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}
c@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}c}
\verb|\grole| & $\grole$ & \verb|\getsto| & $\getsto$\\
\verb|\lid|   & $\lid$   & \verb|\gid|    & $\gid$
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\newpage

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Acknowledging other parties}

Scientific works usually have to acknowledge many different institutions,
works, individuals, software etc.
In a proper acknowledgment, these should be listed according to the
importance and contribution, starting from highest to lowest, and group them:
projects, software, institutions, people.

Note also that acknowledgment section is not numbered and should be the last
section before references:
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
\end{verbatim}

\section{Required Disclosures}
Authors are now required to disclose two extra information: (1) Conflict of
Interest, and (2) Contribution Percentage among the authors. Authors should
typeset the following section after the acknowledgement. Note that, the
following Turkish equivalents should be used for Turkish text, in order of
apparance: Açıklamalar, Çatışma Beyanı, Katkı Oranı.
\begin{verbatim}
\section*{Disclosures}
\paragraph{Conflict of Interest:} All authors
declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
\paragraph{Contribution:} All authors contributed
equally in writing the manuscript.
\end{verbatim}

If authors have conflict of interests then they could use the following
conflict of interest templates as examples:
\begin{verbatim}
- X has received a research grant from FIRM. 
- X is an employee of FIRM.
- X received part time salary for this work.
- X is on board of JOURNAL.
- X has a patent pending for PATENT.
- X declares no conflicts of interest.
\end{verbatim}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{References}
\label{refer}

There are two ways to enter citations in \LaTeX{}:
(1) Citing with plain text inline in the manuscript using
\textit{pre-formatted list of references};
(2) Referring to a permanent database of references and calling with BibTeX
tools.
We recommend the later one to our colleagues, especially if you are a beginner
in writing scientific papers.
In this manuscript both of them will be explained.

There are three different citation presentation exists.
However, in this manuscript, only ``Author-Year'' style which is widely
used in astronomy, will be explained and therefore implemented in TJAA.
The other two are: number only and letter--number.

Entering citations and typesetting references are explained in
``{\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/}, Leslie Lamport, s.~71.''
In this manuscript only a simplified will be used.

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year System}

Referenced cited within the text in parenthesis which contains author and
year.
Some of the examples of this usage are as follows:
(Smith 1970, 1980), (Ekeland et al. 1985, Theorem 2), (Jones and Jaffe
1986; Farrow 1988, Chap.\,2).
If the author is part of the text only the year could be put into the
parenthesis:
eg.\ Ekeland et.al.\ (1985, Section.\,2.1)
Reference list should include all the cited word and it has to be order with
the surname.
If there are more than one work for the same author then they should be listed
with the following rules:
\begin{enumerate}
\setlength{\hfuzz}{5pt}
\item
Single Author: List is sorted by date.
\item
Author and the same other authors: List is sorted by date.
\item
Author and different other authors: List has to be sorted alphabetically by
the other authors.
\end{enumerate}
If there are more than one cited work for the same author(s) then each work
has to be suffixed with sequential letter, ``a'', ``b'' etc.
eg.\ (Smith 1982a), (Smith 1982b), (Ekeland et al. 1982c).

\subsection{Author-Year commands}

For the following \verb|\bibitem[]{}| command created by BibTeX the following
list of citation usage is available through out the manuscript:\\
\verb|\bibitem[Auth1 et al. (2021)Auth1, Auth2,|\\
\verb|    and Auth3]{key21}...|
\small
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.45\columnwidth}@{~}p{.50\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|\citet{key21}|       & Auth1 et al. (2021) \\
\verb|\citep{key21}|       & (Auth1 et al., 2021) \\
\verb|\citet*{key21}|      & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3 (2021) \\
\verb|\citep*{key21}|      & (Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3, 2021) \\
& \\
\verb|\citet[txt1]{key21}| & Auth1 et al. (2021, txt1) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1]{key21}| & (Auth1 et al., 2021, txt1) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1][]{key21}| & (txt1 Auth1 et al., 2021) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1][txt2]{key21}| & (txt1 Auth1 et al., 2021, txt2) \\
& \\
\verb|\citealt{key21}|     & Auth1 et al. 2021 \\
\verb|\citealp{key21}|     & Auth1 et al., 2021 \\
\verb|\citealt*{key21}|    & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3 2021 \\
\verb|\citealp*{key21}|    & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3, 2021 \\
& \\
\verb|\citetext{priv.\ comm.}| & (priv. comm.) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
\normalsize

\textbf{This system has been integrated into TJAA style and you don't need to
change anything in your manuscript; just continue using your habit of citing.}

\begin{center}
\Large\textbf{IMPORTANT NOTE:}\\
Below  you will find two different methods.\\
Choose one type of citing and referencing and\\
delete the other section completely.
\end{center}

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year: Inline with text}

You have to assign an alias (embraced with curly brackets) to each reference
you put in `References' section with \verb|\bibitem| command.
You then use \verb|\cite{alias}| command to refer to the reference
inline within the text.

Note that in this `inline' method, author has full control of the format of
\verb|\bibitem|. However, since entries are written and maintained by hand,
copy-pasting from other source files might create inconsistencies which would
not easy to resolve for large number of entries.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Citing a reference: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
The results in this section are a
refined version of \citet{clar:eke1}; the
minimality result of Proposition~14 was the
first of its kind.
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Citing a reference: Output}
``\dots\ refined version of \citet{clar:eke1}; the minimality\dots''.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Building References: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
%      (don't forget {} string at the end)
\begin{thebibliography}{}
.
.
\bibitem[Clarke ve Ekeland, 1982]{clar:eke1}
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value
problems for Hamiltonian systems.
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982)
315--333
.
.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Building References: Output}
%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BIB%
\begin{thebibliography}{}
\bibitem[Clarke ve Ekeland, 1982]{clar:eke1} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Nonlinear
oscillations and boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year: with {\sc Bib}\TeX{}}

The only difference of this method from the \textit{inline} method is that
\verb|\bibitem| lines are generated automatically using an external command
(\verb|bibtext|).
Therefore, format of \verb|\bibitem| lines will also be standard too.
The standard for TJAA is adapted from Springer's {\sc Bib}\TeX{} style and it
is available through \verb|tjaa.bst| file and the command
\verb|\bibliographystyle{tjaa}| will handle the rest of the configuration.

Citation in this example will be exactly the same as in the previous one.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Citing a reference: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
The results in this section are a
refined version of \citet{clar:eke2}; the
minimality result of Proposition~14 was the
first of its kind.
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Citing a reference: Output}
``\dots\ refined version of \citet{clar:eke2}; the minimality\dots''.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{tjaa}
\bibliography{Example}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Input} \verb|Example.bib| file.
\begin{verbatim}
@ARTICLE{clar:eke2,
 author  = {{Clarke}, F. and {Ekeland}, I.},
 title   = "{Nonlinear ... systems.}",
 journal = {Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.},
 year    = 1982,
 volume  = 78,
 pages   = {315-333},
 tjaanote= {Prepared for TJAA example.
            Note: Even though each keyword=value
            ends with comma in previous lines,
            this line doesnt.}
}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Output}
%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BIB%
\bibliographystyle{tjaa}
\bibliography{Example}

\subsection{Future of Bibliography Management}

Users might find it to difficult to maintain a bibliographic reference list in
a special formatted file with \verb|.bib| extension.
However, nowadays all bibliographical databases provide \verb|.bib| outputs.
Then, you just have to refer to these files using the following command:
\verb|\bibliography{tjaa2021}|.

Even though maintaining ``a reference database'' means to combine a few
different concepts together, once it is done for the first time, later usage
would be handled by combining different \verb|.bib| files in a
single command. For example, use the following command to combine your
previous TJAA submissions:
\verb|\bibliography{tjaa-M1,tjaa-2018,tjaa-2021}|.

In today's capabilities, please consider exporting your bibliographical
databases stored in \verb|.bib| files into a modern style software; one of
which is
\href{https://zotero.org/}{Zotero}.

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:SON%
\label{lastpage}
\end{document}

@ARTICLE{clar:eke2,
 author  = {{Clarke}, F. and {Ekeland}, I.},
 title   = "{Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.}",
 journal = {Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.},
 year    = 1982,
 volume  = 78,
 pages   = {315-333},
 tjaanote= {Prepared for TJAA example. Note: Even though each keyword=value ends with comma in previous lines, this line doesnt.}
}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
% TJAA - Example Article - Example.tex
%
% This file format has been adapted from Springer's llncs proc package.
%
% Producer: Springer
% Adapted by Sinan Kaan Yerli, ODTU Fizik Bolumu, Ekim 2010.
%
% Version: 2015-06-15 - 1.1
% Version: 2019-08-01 - 2.0
% Version: 2021-04-01 - 2.1
% Version: 2022-01-01 - 2.2
% 	- added Example-Turkce file using \TRlang
% 	  which explains multi language abstract
% 	- updated explanations in manuscript meta-data notes
% 	- added sections: Astro. Macros, Astro. Journals
% 	- added description for new columntypes
% 	- added section for auth-year commands
% Version: 2022-01-22 - 2.3
%	- added Disclosure section
% Version: 2024-09-01 - 2.4
%	- updated author & address usage with new commands
%	- updated abstract description
%	- updated keyword description
%	- added descr. for new astronomical macros
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[usenatbib]{tjaa}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
% Türkçe karakterler ile yazmak ve Türkçe heceleme icin aşağıdaki
% paketin etkin olması zorunludur.
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%%%%% AUTHORS - PLACE YOUR OWN PACKAGES HERE %%%%%
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newsavebox\verbbox

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% PLEASE DONT DELETE LINES CONTAINING "%%%%TJAA-OZEL"          %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% PLEASE DONT CLEAR -OR- MOVE OUT OF THE LINE THE TEXTS        %%%%
%%%%   CONTAINING "%%%%TJAA-OZEL"                                 %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% IF YOU HAVE YOUR OWN TEX FILE, IN THE SAME WAY USED IN       %%%%
%%%% THIS FILE POPULATE CORRESPONDING LINES OR LINE ENDINGS       %%%%
%%%% WITH "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" **MANUALLY**.                           %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% ------------------------------------------------------------ %%%%
%%%% LUTFEN "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" SATIRLARINI SILMEYIN                  %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% LUTFEN SATIR SONLARINDAKI "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" BOLUMLERINI        %%%%
%%%%   SILMEYIN YA DA SATIRDAN KOPARMAYIN                         %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%% ONCEDEN KODLANMIS BIR TEX DOSYANIZ VARSA BU DOSYADA          %%%%
%%%% KULLANILDIGI GIBI "%%%%TJAA-OZEL" SATIRLARINI VE SATIR SONU  %%%%
%%%% EKLENTILERINI **ELLE** EKLEYIN                               %%%%
%%%%                                                              %%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BASLIK%
% NOTES (title):
% 1) If you need to put a \newline in the title
%    then you HAVE TO specify the short title
%    DONT USE [] (short title) if your title not overlapping short author
\title[Short Title max 45 chars]{Your paper}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:TITLE%

% NOTES (authors):
% 1) For single author don't number single affiliation addreess.
% 2) If you need two or more lines of authors, use \newauthor (see below usage)
% 3) ORCID is required for ALL authors
% 4) Short author should be either A.U. Thor et.al -or- A. U. Thor
% 5) Depending on the language \others will be either "et al." or "v.ark."
\author[F. Author \others]{%
First Author\autid{1}{0000-0000-0000-0000}\thanks{[email protected]},
A. N. Other\autid{2}{0000-0000-0000-0000},
Third Author\autid{2,3}{0000-0000-0000-0000},
\newauthor
Fourth Author\autid{3}{0000-0000-0000-0000}
\\
% NOTES (List of institutions):
% 1) Don't put \\ at the last institution
\adrid{1}University, Department, City Post Code, Country\\
\adrid{2}Department, Institution, Street Address, City Postal Code, Country\\
\adrid{3}Another Department, Different Institution, Street Address, City Postal Code, Country%
}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:AUTHOR%
% These dates and numbers will be filled out by the publisher
\date{Accepted: XXX. Revised: YYY. Received: ZZZ.}
%
\renewcommand{\pubyear}{0000}
\renewcommand{\volume}{0}
\renewcommand{\issue}{0}

% NOTES (language):
% 1) Default language of TJAA is ENGLISH.
% 2a) If your manuscript is in ENGLISH then leave both commands as commented
%\ENlang
% 2b) If your manuscript is in TURKISH then uncomment only below command
%\TRlang

\begin{document}
% Don't change these 3 lines
\label{firstpage}
\pagerange{\pageref{firstpage}--\pageref{lastpage}}
\maketitle{M00-0000}

\begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%
% NOTES (abstract):
% >>>>>IF LANGUAGE IS IN ENGLISH<<<<< | >>>>>IF LANGUAGE IS IN TURKISH<<<<< | 
% \begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%  | \begin{abstract}%%%%TJAA-OZEL:ABS%  
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         | TURKISH TEXT, TURKISH TEXT,
% \end{abstract}                      | \ozet
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,          
%                                     | ENGLISH TEXT, ENGLISH TEXT,         
%                                     | \end{abstract}
%
% 0) Please follow above example for abstract
% 1) If your language is in ENGLISH
%    (a) put your abstract below and
%    (b) delete (2) option text below
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.
Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.
Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna.
Donec vehicula augue eu neque.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
Mauris ut leo. 
% 2) If your manuscript is in TURKISH (otherwise ignore below usage)
%    a) Write TURKISH abstract above
%    b) "uncomment" the command '\ozet' below
%    c) Put ENGLISH abstract below the command
%\ozet
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.
Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.
Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna.
Donec vehicula augue eu neque.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
Mauris ut leo. 
\end{abstract}
% NOTES (Keywords):
% 1) Select minimum one and maximum six entries from the approred list 
% 2) Don't make up new ones.
% 3) THEY HAVE TO BE ALL IN ENGLISH
%
\begin{keywords}
% W A R N I N G : ***** N O  T U R K I S H  K E Y W O R D S *****
keyword1 -- keyword2 -- keyword3
% W A R N I N G : ***** N O  T U R K I S H  K E Y W O R D S *****
\end{keywords}

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BILDIRI%
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{First Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\subsection{First Section - First sub-Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\subsubsection{First Section - First sub-sub-Section Title}

\lipsum[1]

\paragraph{First Section - First sub-sub-Section - Paragraph}

\lipsum[1]

\newpage
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Fine tuning the manuscript}

A new command is introduced to collect all astronomical objects into a
database:
\verb|\Aobj{Cyg X-1}|.
The following code
``\verb|Andromeda galaxy (\Aobj{M31}) ...|''
will produce
``Andromeda galaxy (\Aobj{M31}) ...''
and the object (M31) will be added to the object database.

Links to web pages can be given within the text using \verb|\url| command:
The command \verb|\url{https://tad.org.tr}| will produce
\url{https://tad.org.tr}.
For longer URLs you can merge the URL into text using the web format.
The command
\verb|\href{https://dergipark.org.tr/tjaa}{TJAA}|\\
will produce a link to \href{https://dergipark.org.tr/tjaa}{TJAA}.

Some of the common commands, properties and habits:
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.15\columnwidth}p{.75\columnwidth}}
\verb|\,|   & a thin space, e.g.\ between numbers or between units
              and numbers; a line division will not be made
              following this space\\
\verb|--|   & en dash; two strokes, without a space at either end;
	      put in between numbers to increase readability\\
\verb*| -- |& en dash; two strokes, with  a space at either end\\
\verb|-|    & hyphen; one stroke, no space at either end\\
\verb|$-$|  & minus, in the text {\em only} \\
{\em Input} & \verb|21\,$^{\circ}$C etc.,|\\
            & \verb|Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots|\\
            & \verb|1950--1985 \dots|\\
            & \verb|this -- printed on a computer|\\
{\em Output}& 21\,$^{\circ}$C etc., Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots\\
            & 1950--1985 \dots\\
            & this -- printed on a computer
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Special text typefaces}

Normal type (roman text) need not be coded. Three different command
emphasizes the text:
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.32\columnwidth}p{.6\columnwidth}}
\verb|{\itshape Text}|   & {\itshape Italicized Text}\\
\verb|{\em Text}|   & {\em Emphasized Text --
   if you would like to emphasize a {\em definition} within an
   italicized text (e.g.\ of a {\em theorem}) you should code the
   expression to be emphasized by} \verb|\em|.\\
\verb|{\bfseries Text}|& {\bfseries Important Text}\\
\verb|\vec{Symbol}| & Vectors may only appear in math mode. The default
   \LaTeX{} vector symbol has been adapted\footnotemark\
   to LLNCS conventions.\\[2pt]
 & \verb|$\vec{A \times B\cdot C}|\\
 & ... yields $\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
%\footnotetext{If you absolutely must revive the original \LaTeX{}
%design of the vector symbol (as an arrow accent), please specify the
%option \texttt{[orivec]} in the \texttt{documentclass} line.}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Astronomical Macros}

List of short cuts for astronomy. Note that all of the macros listed below are
math mode safe i.e. \verb|$12\degr$| and \verb|12\degr| will produce the same
text.
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{large}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.50\columnwidth}@{~}p{.40\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|12 \fd     34\fh     56| & $12\fd34\fh56$ \\
\verb|12 \fm     34\fs     56| & $12\fm34\fs56$ \\
\verb|12 \fdg    34\fas    56| & $12\fdg34\fas56$ \\
\verb|12 \fp     3456        | & $12\fp3456$ \\
\verb|12 \farcm  34\farcs  56| & $12\farcm34\farcs56$ \\
\verb|12 \arcmin 34\arcsec 56| & 12\arcmin34\arcsec56 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{large}
\end{flushleft}
\newpage
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{large}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.50\columnwidth}@{~}p{.50\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|1\degr                | & 1\degr \\
\verb|1\Fd  2\Fh  3\Fm  4\Fs| & $1\Fd 2\Fh 3\Fm 4\Fs$ \\
\verb|1\Fdg 2\Fam 3\Fas     | & $1\Fdg 2\Fam 3\Fas$ \\
&\\[-2pt]
\verb|1 {M,R,L,T}\solarxxx  | & $1\solarmass 1\solarrad 1\solarlum 1\solartemp$ \\
\verb|1 {unit}\perxxx       | & g\perone m\persq s\percube \\
\verb|\renkBV \renkEBV      | & $\renkBV=\renkEBV$ \\
\verb|\renkUB \renkEUB      | & $\renkUB=\renkEUB$ \\
\verb|12 \micron \ion{H}{II}| & $12\micron$ \ion{H}{II} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{large}
\end{flushleft}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Astronomical Journals}

List of journal abbreviations used in TJAA references. Note that to fit into
the page only a partial list shown here.
\begin{verbatim}
\aap \aapr \aaps \aat \actaa \afz \aj \ao \apj
\apjl \apjs \aplett \apss \araa \arep \aspc \azh
\baas \caa \cjaa \iaucirc \icarus \japa \jrasc
\mnras \na \nar \nat \pasa \pasj \pasp \planss
\procspie \qjras \rmxaa \sci \skytel \solphys
\sovast \ssr \tjaa \an \psj          \vark
\end{verbatim}
\begin{footnotesize}
\aap		~$\bullet$
\aapr		~$\bullet$
\aaps		~$\bullet$
\aat		~$\bullet$
\actaa		~$\bullet$
\afz		~$\bullet$
\aj		~$\bullet$
\ao 		~$\bullet$
\apj		~$\bullet$
\apjl		~$\bullet$
\apjs		~$\bullet$
\aplett		~$\bullet$
\apss		~$\bullet$
\araa		~$\bullet$
\arep		~$\bullet$
\aspc		~$\bullet$
\azh		~$\bullet$
\baas		~$\bullet$
\caa		~$\bullet$
\cjaa		~$\bullet$
\iaucirc	~$\bullet$
\icarus		~$\bullet$
\japa		~$\bullet$
\jrasc		~$\bullet$
\mnras		~$\bullet$
\na		~$\bullet$
\nar		~$\bullet$
\nat		~$\bullet$
\pasa		~$\bullet$
\pasj		~$\bullet$
\pasp		~$\bullet$
\planss		~$\bullet$
\procspie	~$\bullet$
\qjras		~$\bullet$
\rmxaa		~$\bullet$
\sci		~$\bullet$
\skytel		~$\bullet$
\solphys	~$\bullet$
\sovast		~$\bullet$
\ssr		~$\bullet$
\an		~$\bullet$
\psj		~$\bullet$
\tjaa\\\vark
\end{footnotesize}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Footnotes}

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}~\\
Text with a footnote\verb|\footnote{The |{footnotes are numbered automatically.}\verb|}| and text continues \dots

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output}~\\
Text with a footnote\footnote{The footnotes are numbered automatically.}
and text continues \dots

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Lists}

\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
  \item First item
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item First nested item
  \end{enumerate}
  \item Second item
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output}
\begin{enumerate}
  \item First item
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item First nested item
  \end{enumerate}
  \item Second item
\end{enumerate}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\newpage
\section{Floating environments: Figures \& Tables}
\begin{lrbox}{\verbbox}
\verb|\protect\citep{author2021}|
\end{lrbox}

They should be inserted after (not in) the  paragraph in which the figure is
first mentioned.
They will be numbered automatically.
Note that figures (and tables) become floating environments if they are not
attached to main text.
Therefore if you want to place the figure (or table) correctly
\textbf{do not add empty lines} before \verb|\begin{figure}| or
\verb|\begin{table}|.

If you have many floating blocks (figures or tables) you have two choices:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Push all floats to the end \textbf{with no space between the blocks} in the
same order as they are referenced;
\item
Start arranging the location of floats from the very first float putting and
fixing its location couple of paragraphs before it is referenced first. This
way the floats will be -/+ 1 one page away from its expecting location.
\end{enumerate}
The image file formats are limited to only PNG or PDF types.

\subsection{Figures}

To leave the desired amount of space for the height of your figures, please
use the coding described below.
Please note that ``\verb|x|'' in the following coding stands for the actual
height of the figure:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{x cm}
%              (Use [ ] for short caption)
\caption[ ]{...text of caption...}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{2.5cm}
\caption{This is the caption of the figure
displaying nothing leaving a vertical space
of 2.5 cm.
If you need to use cited references in
caption use \protect command:
\protect\citep{author2021}.}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output.}{\itshape Figure is placed at the top of the column} 
\begin{figure}
\vspace{2.5cm}
\caption{%
This is the caption of the figure displaying nothing leaving a vertical space
of 2.5 cm. If you need to use cited references in caption use the following
command: \usebox{\verbbox}.}
\end{figure}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\newpage
\subsection{Tables}

Table captions should be treated in the same way as figure legends, except
that the table captions appear {\itshape above} the tables. 
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{table}
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
\begin{tabular}{rllllL{7mm}@{}C{7mm}@{}R{7mm}}
\hline     % No need to use \noalign{\smallskip}
${\mathrm M}_\odot$
  & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
  & $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
  & L & C & R \\
\hline
% You dont need to use      \noalign{\smallskip}
% around the \hline command.
% It is provided internally.
 30 & 0.82 & 38.4 & 35.7 & 154 &1   &1    &1  \\
 60 & 0.67 & 42.1 & 34.7 & 138 &12  &12   &12 \\
120 & 0.52 & 45.1 & 34.0 & 124 &123 &123  &123\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Output:}
Table is placed at the top of this column. To place flowing text
correctly, start a new paragraph by pressing enter twice after the table.
\begin{table}
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
\centering
% Please dont use commands giving extra vertical or horizontal spacing.
% They are all deleted or converted to publisher standards.
\begin{tabular}{rllllL{7mm}@{}C{7mm}@{}R{7mm}}
% When \tabcolsep is used your table will take more space than expected.
%\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\hline
${\mathrm M}_\odot$
  & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
  & $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
  & L & C & R \\
\hline
 30 &0.82 &38.4 &35.7 &154 &1   &1   &1  \\
 60 &0.67 &42.1 &34.7 &138 &12  &12  &12 \\
120 &0.52 &45.1 &34.0 &124 &123 &123 &123\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Two important notes:
(1) 4 new columntypes introduced (P, L, C, R) -- last three
shown here.
For example \verb|C{1cm}| centers the content of the column to 1 cm width.
(2) If you use \verb|dcolumn| option for \verb|tjaa| style, 3 new column types
(namely, \verb|d . ,|) can be used to align the numbers in the column content.

For further information you will find a complete description of the tabular
environment on p.~62~ff. and p.~204 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \&
Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport.

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Symbols and Characters}

\subsection*{Special Symbols}

You may need to use special signs.  The available ones are listed in the {\em
\LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport, pp.~41\,ff. We
have created further symbols for math mode (enclosed in \$):
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}
c@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}c}
\verb|\grole| & $\grole$ & \verb|\getsto| & $\getsto$\\
\verb|\lid|   & $\lid$   & \verb|\gid|    & $\gid$
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\newpage

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{Acknowledging other parties}

Scientific works usually have to acknowledge many different institutions,
works, individuals, software etc.
In a proper acknowledgment, these should be listed according to the
importance and contribution, starting from highest to lowest, and group them:
projects, software, institutions, people.

Note also that acknowledgment section is not numbered and should be the last
section before references:
\paragraph*{\itshape Sample Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
\end{verbatim}

\section{Required Disclosures}
Authors are now required to disclose two extra information: (1) Conflict of
Interest, and (2) Contribution Percentage among the authors. Authors should
typeset the following section after the acknowledgement. Note that, the
following Turkish equivalents should be used for Turkish text, in order of
apparance: Açıklamalar, Çatışma Beyanı, Katkı Oranı.
\begin{verbatim}
\section*{Disclosures}
\paragraph{Conflict of Interest:} All authors
declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
\paragraph{Contribution:} All authors contributed
equally in writing the manuscript.
\end{verbatim}

If authors have conflict of interests then they could use the following
conflict of interest templates as examples:
\begin{verbatim}
- X has received a research grant from FIRM. 
- X is an employee of FIRM.
- X received part time salary for this work.
- X is on board of JOURNAL.
- X has a patent pending for PATENT.
- X declares no conflicts of interest.
\end{verbatim}

% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
\section{References}
\label{refer}

There are two ways to enter citations in \LaTeX{}:
(1) Citing with plain text inline in the manuscript using
\textit{pre-formatted list of references};
(2) Referring to a permanent database of references and calling with BibTeX
tools.
We recommend the later one to our colleagues, especially if you are a beginner
in writing scientific papers.
In this manuscript both of them will be explained.

There are three different citation presentation exists.
However, in this manuscript, only ``Author-Year'' style which is widely
used in astronomy, will be explained and therefore implemented in TJAA.
The other two are: number only and letter--number.

Entering citations and typesetting references are explained in
``{\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/}, Leslie Lamport, s.~71.''
In this manuscript only a simplified will be used.

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year System}

Referenced cited within the text in parenthesis which contains author and
year.
Some of the examples of this usage are as follows:
(Smith 1970, 1980), (Ekeland et al. 1985, Theorem 2), (Jones and Jaffe
1986; Farrow 1988, Chap.\,2).
If the author is part of the text only the year could be put into the
parenthesis:
eg.\ Ekeland et.al.\ (1985, Section.\,2.1)
Reference list should include all the cited word and it has to be order with
the surname.
If there are more than one work for the same author then they should be listed
with the following rules:
\begin{enumerate}
\setlength{\hfuzz}{5pt}
\item
Single Author: List is sorted by date.
\item
Author and the same other authors: List is sorted by date.
\item
Author and different other authors: List has to be sorted alphabetically by
the other authors.
\end{enumerate}
If there are more than one cited work for the same author(s) then each work
has to be suffixed with sequential letter, ``a'', ``b'' etc.
eg.\ (Smith 1982a), (Smith 1982b), (Ekeland et al. 1982c).

\subsection{Author-Year commands}

For the following \verb|\bibitem[]{}| command created by BibTeX the following
list of citation usage is available through out the manuscript:\\
\verb|\bibitem[Auth1 et al. (2021)Auth1, Auth2,|\\
\verb|    and Auth3]{key21}...|
\small
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.45\columnwidth}@{~}p{.50\columnwidth}@{}}
\verb|\citet{key21}|       & Auth1 et al. (2021) \\
\verb|\citep{key21}|       & (Auth1 et al., 2021) \\
\verb|\citet*{key21}|      & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3 (2021) \\
\verb|\citep*{key21}|      & (Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3, 2021) \\
& \\
\verb|\citet[txt1]{key21}| & Auth1 et al. (2021, txt1) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1]{key21}| & (Auth1 et al., 2021, txt1) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1][]{key21}| & (txt1 Auth1 et al., 2021) \\
\verb|\citep[txt1][txt2]{key21}| & (txt1 Auth1 et al., 2021, txt2) \\
& \\
\verb|\citealt{key21}|     & Auth1 et al. 2021 \\
\verb|\citealp{key21}|     & Auth1 et al., 2021 \\
\verb|\citealt*{key21}|    & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3 2021 \\
\verb|\citealp*{key21}|    & Auth1, Auth2, and Auth3, 2021 \\
& \\
\verb|\citetext{priv.\ comm.}| & (priv. comm.) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
\normalsize

\textbf{This system has been integrated into TJAA style and you don't need to
change anything in your manuscript; just continue using your habit of citing.}

\begin{center}
\Large\textbf{IMPORTANT NOTE:}\\
Below  you will find two different methods.\\
Choose one type of citing and referencing and\\
delete the other section completely.
\end{center}

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year: Inline with text}

You have to assign an alias (embraced with curly brackets) to each reference
you put in `References' section with \verb|\bibitem| command.
You then use \verb|\cite{alias}| command to refer to the reference
inline within the text.

Note that in this `inline' method, author has full control of the format of
\verb|\bibitem|. However, since entries are written and maintained by hand,
copy-pasting from other source files might create inconsistencies which would
not easy to resolve for large number of entries.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Citing a reference: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
The results in this section are a
refined version of \citet{clar:eke1}; the
minimality result of Proposition~14 was the
first of its kind.
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Citing a reference: Output}
``\dots\ refined version of \citet{clar:eke1}; the minimality\dots''.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Building References: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
%      (don't forget {} string at the end)
\begin{thebibliography}{}
.
.
\bibitem[Clarke ve Ekeland, 1982]{clar:eke1}
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value
problems for Hamiltonian systems.
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982)
315--333
.
.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-1 -- Building References: Output}
%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BIB%
\begin{thebibliography}{}
\bibitem[Clarke ve Ekeland, 1982]{clar:eke1} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Nonlinear
oscillations and boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage
\subsection{Author-Year: with {\sc Bib}\TeX{}}

The only difference of this method from the \textit{inline} method is that
\verb|\bibitem| lines are generated automatically using an external command
(\verb|bibtext|).
Therefore, format of \verb|\bibitem| lines will also be standard too.
The standard for TJAA is adapted from Springer's {\sc Bib}\TeX{} style and it
is available through \verb|tjaa.bst| file and the command
\verb|\bibliographystyle{tjaa}| will handle the rest of the configuration.

Citation in this example will be exactly the same as in the previous one.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Citing a reference: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
The results in this section are a
refined version of \citet{clar:eke2}; the
minimality result of Proposition~14 was the
first of its kind.
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Citing a reference: Output}
``\dots\ refined version of \citet{clar:eke2}; the minimality\dots''.

\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Input}
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{tjaa}
\bibliography{Example}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Input} \verb|Example.bib| file.
\begin{verbatim}
@ARTICLE{clar:eke2,
 author  = {{Clarke}, F. and {Ekeland}, I.},
 title   = "{Nonlinear ... systems.}",
 journal = {Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.},
 year    = 1982,
 volume  = 78,
 pages   = {315-333},
 tjaanote= {Prepared for TJAA example.
            Note: Even though each keyword=value
            ends with comma in previous lines,
            this line doesnt.}
}
\end{verbatim}
\paragraph*{\itshape Example-2 -- Building References: Output}
%%%%TJAA-OZEL:BIB%
\bibliographystyle{tjaa}
\bibliography{Example}

\subsection{Future of Bibliography Management}

Users might find it to difficult to maintain a bibliographic reference list in
a special formatted file with \verb|.bib| extension.
However, nowadays all bibliographical databases provide \verb|.bib| outputs.
Then, you just have to refer to these files using the following command:
\verb|\bibliography{tjaa2021}|.

Even though maintaining ``a reference database'' means to combine a few
different concepts together, once it is done for the first time, later usage
would be handled by combining different \verb|.bib| files in a
single command. For example, use the following command to combine your
previous TJAA submissions:
\verb|\bibliography{tjaa-M1,tjaa-2018,tjaa-2021}|.

In today's capabilities, please consider exporting your bibliographical
databases stored in \verb|.bib| files into a modern style software; one of
which is
\href{https://zotero.org/}{Zotero}.

%%%%TJAA-OZEL:SON%
\label{lastpage}
\end{document}

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