University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science doctoral thesis (classicthesis, community)

\documentclass[10.5pt a4paper]{article}
%\usepackage[top=25truemm,bottom=20truemm,left=20truemm,right=20truemm]{geometry}
\input{classicthesis-config}
\usepackage{nopageno}
\setlength{\parskip}{3mm}
\NewDocumentCommand{\chapter}{s m}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{
  }{
  }
}



\title{
  \Large \jpn{論文の内容の要旨}\\
  \vspace*{10mm}
  \Large \myTitle\\
	\Large \jpn{（\myTitleJP）}
}

\author{
  \Large \jpn{氏名　\myNameJP}
}
\date{}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\input{FrontBackmatter/Abstract}
\end{document}

%************************************************
\chapter{Introduction for Classic Thesis}
%************************************************
This bundle for \LaTeX\ has two goals:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Provide students with an easy-to-use template for their
    Master's
    or PhD thesis. (Though it might also be used by other types of
    authors
    for reports, books, etc.)
    \item Provide a classic, high-quality typographic style that is
    inspired by \citeauthor{bringhurst:2002}'s ``\emph{The Elements of
    Typographic Style}'' \citep{bringhurst:2002}.
    \marginpar{\myTitle \myVersion}
\end{enumerate}
The bundle is configured to run with a \emph{full}
MiK\TeX\ or \TeX Live\footnote{See the file \texttt{LISTOFFILES} for
needed packages. Furthermore, \texttt{classicthesis}
works with most other distributions and, thus, with most systems
\LaTeX\ is available for.}
installation right away and, therefore, it uses only freely available
fonts. (Minion fans can easily adjust the style to their needs.)

People interested only in the nice style and not the whole bundle can
now use the style stand-alone via the file \texttt{classicthesis.sty}.
This works now also with ``plain'' \LaTeX.

As of version 3.0, \texttt{classicthesis} can also be easily used with
\mLyX\footnote{\url{http://www.lyx.org}} thanks to Nicholas Mariette
and Ivo Pletikosić. The \mLyX\ version of this manual will contain
more information on the details.

This should enable anyone with a basic knowledge of \LaTeXe\ or \mLyX\ to
produce beautiful documents without too much effort. In the end, this
is my overall goal: more beautiful documents, especially theses, as I
am tired of seeing so many ugly ones.

The whole template and the used style is released under the
\acsfont{GNU} General Public License.

If you like the style then I would appreciate a postcard:
\begin{center}
    André Miede \\
    Detmolder Straße 32 \\
    31737 Rinteln \\
    Germany
\end{center}
The postcards I received so far are available at:
\begin{center}
    \url{http://postcards.miede.de}
\end{center}
\marginpar{A well-balanced line width improves the legibility of
the text. That's what typography is all about, right?}
So far, many theses, some books, and several other publications have
been typeset successfully with it. If you are interested in some
typographic details behind it, enjoy Robert Bringhurst's wonderful book.
% \citep{bringhurst:2002}.

\paragraph{Important Note:} Some things of this style might look
unusual at first glance, many people feel so in the beginning.
However, all things are intentionally designed to be as they are,
especially these:
\begin{itemize}
    \item No bold fonts are used. Italics or spaced small caps do the
    job quite well.
    \item The size of the text body is intentionally shaped like it
    is. It supports both legibility and allows a reasonable amount of
    information to be on a page. And, no: the lines are not too short.
    \item The tables intentionally do not use vertical or double
    rules. See the documentation for the \texttt{booktabs} package for
    a nice discussion of this topic.\footnote{To be found online at
    \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/booktabs/}.}
    \item And last but not least, to provide the reader with a way
    easier access to page numbers in the table of contents, the page
    numbers are right behind the titles. Yes, they are \emph{not}
    neatly aligned at the right side and they are \emph{not} connected
    with dots that help the eye to bridge a distance that is not
    necessary. If you are still not convinced: is your reader
    interested in the page number or does she want to sum the numbers
    up?
\end{itemize}
Therefore, please do not break the beauty of the style by changing
these things unless you really know what you are doing! Please.

\paragraph{Yet Another Important Note:} Since \texttt{classicthesis}'
first release in 2006, many things have changed in the \LaTeX\ world.
Trying to keep up-to-date, \texttt{classicthesis} grew and evolved
into many directions, trying to stay (some kind of) stable and be
compatible with its port to \mLyX. However, there are still many
remains from older times in the code, many dirty workarounds here and
there, and several other things I am absolutely not proud of (for
example my unwise combination of \acsfont{KOMA} and
\texttt{titlesec} etc.).
\graffito{An outlook into the future of \texttt{classicthesis}.}

Currently, I am looking into how to completely re-design and
re-implement \texttt{classicthesis} making it easier to maintain and
to use. As a general idea, \texttt{classicthesis.sty} should be
developed and distributed separately from the template bundle itself.
Excellent spin-offs such as \texttt{arsclassica} could also be
integrated (with permission by their authors) as format configurations.
Also, current trends of \texttt{microtype}, \texttt{fontspec}, etc.
should be included as well. As I am not really into deep
\LaTeX\ programming,
I will reach out to the \LaTeX\ community for their expertise and help.


\section{Organization}
A very important factor for successful thesis writing is the
organization of the material. This template suggests a structure as
the following:
\begin{itemize}
    \marginpar{You can use these margins for summaries of the text
    body\dots}
    \item\texttt{Chapters/} is where all the ``real'' content goes in
    separate files such as \texttt{Chapter01.tex} etc.
    % \item\texttt{Examples/} is where you store all listings and other
    % examples you want to use for your text.
    \item\texttt{FrontBackMatter/} is where all the stuff goes that
    surrounds the ``real'' content, such as the acknowledgments,
    dedication, etc.
    \item\texttt{gfx/} is where you put all the graphics you use in
    the thesis. Maybe they should be organized into subfolders
    depending on the chapter they are used in, if you have a lot of
    graphics.
    \item\texttt{Bibliography.bib}: the Bib\TeX\ database to organize
    all the references you might want to cite.
    \item\texttt{classicthesis.sty}: the style definition to get this
    awesome look and feel. Does not only work with this thesis template
    but also on its own (see folder \texttt{Examples}). Bonus: works
    with both \LaTeX\ and \textsc{pdf}\LaTeX\dots and \mLyX.
    % \item\texttt{ClassicThesis.tcp} a \TeX nicCenter project file.
    Great tool and it's free!
    \item\texttt{ClassicThesis.tex}: the main file of your thesis
    where all gets bundled together.
    \item\texttt{classicthesis-config.tex}: a central place to load all
    nifty packages that are used. % In there, you can also activate
    % backrefs in order to have information in the bibliography about
    % where a source was cited in the text (\ie, the page number).

    \emph{Make your changes and adjustments here.} This means that you
    specify here the options you want to load \texttt{classicthesis.sty}
    with. You also adjust the title of your thesis, your name, and all
    similar information here. Refer to \autoref{sec:custom} for more
    information.

    This had to change as of version 3.0 in order to enable an easy
    transition from the ``basic'' style to \mLyX.
\end{itemize}
In total, this should get you started in no time.


\clearpage
\section{Style Options}\label{sec:options}
There are a couple of options for \texttt{classicthesis.sty} that
allow for a bit of freedom concerning the layout:
\marginpar{\dots or your supervisor might use the margins for some
    comments of her own while reading.}
\begin{itemize}
    \item General:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item\texttt{drafting}: prints the date and time at the bottom of
            each page, so you always know which version you are dealing with.
            Might come in handy not to give your Prof. that old draft.
        \end{itemize}

    \item Parts and Chapters:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item\texttt{parts}: use this option if you \emph{use} Part
             divisions in your document. This is necessary to get the
             spacing of the Table of Contents right.
            (Cannot be used together with \texttt{nochapters}.)

            \item\texttt{linedheaders}: changes the look of the chapter
            headings a bit by adding a horizontal line above the chapter
            title. The chapter number will also be moved to the top of the
            page, above the chapter title.
        \end{itemize}

    \item Typography:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item\texttt{style}: this offers a comfortable way of changing the look and feel easily. Default style is \texttt{classicthesis}.

            As a new feature, Lorenzo Pantieri's \texttt{arsclassica} is available as well. As Lorenzo's package is discontinued and with his permission, \texttt{classicthesis-arsclassica.sty} is now part of \texttt{classicthesis} and will be maintained here.

            \item\texttt{palatino}: Hermann Zapf's classic font is the free standard font for this style. Robert Bringhurst's book uses Adobe's commercial font Minion Pro. However, there are other free alternatives also available. Deactivate this option for loading such alternatives and see \texttt{classicthesis-config.tex} for some suggestions.

            \item\texttt{eulerchapternumbers}: use figures from Hermann Zapf's
            Euler math font for the chapter numbers. By default, old style
            figures from the Palatino font are used.

            \item\texttt{beramono}: loads Bera Mono as typewriter font.
            (Default setting is using the standard CM typewriter font.)

            \item\texttt{eulermath}: loads the awesome Euler fonts for math.
            Pala\-tino is used as default font.

        \end{itemize}

    \marginpar{Options are enabled via \texttt{option=true}}

    \item Table of Contents:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item\texttt{tocaligned}: aligns the whole table of contents on
            the left side. Some people like that, some don't.

            \item\texttt{dottedtoc}: sets pagenumbers flushed right in the
            table of contents.

            \item\texttt{manychapters}: if you need more than nine chapters for
            your document, you might not be happy with the spacing between the
            chapter number and the chapter title in the Table of Contents.
            This option allows for additional space in this context.
            However, it does not look as ``perfect'' if you use
            \verb|\parts| for structuring your document.
        \end{itemize}

    \item Floats:
        \begin{itemize}
            % \item\texttt{listings}: loads the \texttt{listings} package (if not already done) and configures the List of Listings accordingly.

            \item\texttt{floatperchapter}: activates numbering per chapter for
            all floats such as figures, tables, and listings (if used).
        \end{itemize}

    \item Tweaking colors and fonts -- please use this with great care!:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item\verb|\ct@altfont|: comfortable hook to alter the basic look and feel of everything that uses spaced caps or spaced small caps. For example, for \texttt{arsclassica} we used \\ \verb|\renewcommand*{\ct@altfont}{\sffamily}|. Coloring is also possible this way.

            % \item\verb|\ct@caps|: spacedallcaps spacedlowsmallcaps

            \item\texttt{CTsemi}: Change the semi gray color used, \eg, for the chapter number. Default is:\\
						\verb|\definecolor{CTsemi}{gray}{0.55}|

            \item\texttt{CTtitle}: Change the red color used, \eg, for the title. Default is: \\
						\verb|\definecolor{CTtitle}{named}{Maroon}|

        \end{itemize}

\end{itemize}

Furthermore, pre-defined margins for different paper sizes are available, \eg, \texttt{a4paper}, \texttt{a5paper}, \texttt{b5paper}, and \texttt{letterpaper}. These are based on your chosen option of \verb|\documentclass|.

The best way to figure these options out is to try the different
possibilities and see what you and your supervisor like best.

In order to make things easier, \texttt{classicthesis-config.tex}
contains some useful commands that might help you.


\section{Customization}\label{sec:custom}
%(As of v3.0, the Classic Thesis Style for \LaTeX{} and \mLyX{} share
%the same two \texttt{.sty} files.)
This section will show you some hints how to adapt
\texttt{classicthesis} to your needs.

The file \texttt{classicthesis.sty}
contains the core functionality of the style and in most cases will
be left intact, whereas the file \texttt{classic\-thesis-config.tex}
is used for some common user customizations.

The first customization you are about to make is to alter the document
title, author name, and other thesis details. In order to do this, replace
the data in the following lines of \texttt{classicthesis-config.tex:}%
\marginpar{Modifications in \texttt{classic\-thesis-config.tex}%
}

\begin{lstlisting}
    % *********************************************
    % 2. Personal data and user ad-hoc commands
    % *********************************************
    \newcommand{\myTitle}{A Classic Thesis Style}
    \newcommand{\mySubtitle}{An Homage to...}
\end{lstlisting}

Further customization can be made in \texttt{classicthesis-config.tex}
by choosing the options to \texttt{classicthesis.sty}
(see~\autoref{sec:options}) in a line that looks like this:

\begin{lstlisting}
\PassOptionsToPackage{
  drafting=true,
  tocaligned=false,
  dottedtoc=false,
  eulerchapternumbers=true,
  linedheaders=false,
  floatperchapter=true,
  eulermath=false,
  beramono=true,
  palatino=true,
  style=classicthesis
}{classicthesis}
\end{lstlisting}

Many other customizations in \texttt{classicthesis-config.tex} are
possible, but you should be careful making changes there, since some
changes could cause errors.

% Finally, changes can be made in the file \texttt{classicthesis.sty},%
% \marginpar{Modifications in \texttt{classicthesis.sty}%
% } although this is mostly not designed for user customization. The
% main change that might be made here is the text-block size, for example,
% to get longer lines of text.


\section{Issues}\label{sec:issues}
This section will list some information about problems using
\texttt{classic\-thesis} in general or using it with other packages.

Beta versions of \texttt{classicthesis} can be found at Bitbucket:
\begin{center}
    \url{https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/}
\end{center}
There, you can also post serious bugs and problems you encounter.


\section{Future Work}
So far, this is a quite stable version that served a couple of people
well during their thesis time. However, some things are still not as
they should be. Proper documentation in the standard format is still
missing. In the long run, the style should probably be published
separately, with the template bundle being only an application of the
style. Alas, there is no time for that at the moment\dots it could be
a nice task for a small group of \LaTeX nicians.

Please do not send me email with questions concerning \LaTeX\ or the
template, as I do not have time for an answer. But if you have
comments, suggestions, or improvements for the style or the template
in general, do not hesitate to write them on that postcard of yours.


\section{Beyond a Thesis}
The layout of \texttt{classicthesis.sty} can be easily used without the
framework of this template. A few examples where it was used to typeset
an article, a book or a curriculum vitae can be found in the folder
\texttt{Examples}. The examples have been tested with
\texttt{latex} and \texttt{pdflatex} and are easy to compile. To
encourage you even more, PDFs built from the sources can be found in the
same folder.


\section{License}
\paragraph{GNU General Public License:} This program is free software;
you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the \acsfont{GNU} General Public License as
published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but \emph{without any warranty}; without even the implied warranty of
\emph{merchant\-ability} or \emph{fitness for a particular purpose}.
See the
\acsfont{GNU} General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the \acsfont{GNU} General
Public License
along with this program; see the file \texttt{COPYING}.  If not,
write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

\paragraph{classichthesis Authors' note:} There have been some discussions about the GPL's implications on using \texttt{classicthesis} for theses etc. Details can be found here:
\begin{center}
  \url{https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/issues/123/}
\end{center}

We chose (and currently stick with) the GPL because we would not like to compete with proprietary modified versions of our own work. However, the whole template is free as free beer and free speech. We will not demand the sources for theses, books, CVs, etc. that were created using \texttt{classicthesis}.

Postcards are still highly appreciated.

\chapter{XXX}
\section{YYY}
xxx yyy zzz.

%************************************************
\chapter{Introduction}\label{ch:introduction}
%************************************************
\section{Structure of the Milky Way}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Milky Way as a disc galaxy}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figs/Gaia_s_sky_in_colour.pdf}
		\caption[Optical image of the MW obtained by the \textit{Gaia} satellite]{Optical image of the MW obtained by the \textit{Gaia} satellite. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC.}\label{fig:gaia_sky}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}
The \ac{MW} has fascinated us throughout human history.
Fig.~\ref{fig:gaia_sky} displays an all-sky image of the \ac{MW} obtained by the \textit{Gaia} satellite. It is a portrait of our home galaxy as seen from the solar system.
Although we cannot observe our galaxy from the outside, we know that it is a barred spiral galaxy. This section provides a brief  history of our understanding of the \ac{MW}'s structure and summarises our current knowledge.
Throughout this section, we refer to the following books and papers: \citet{1998gaas.book.....B}, \citet{2008gady.book.....B}, \citet{2016ARA&A..54..529B}, \citet{2017gra..book.....S}, \citet{Ginga2} and \citet{vanderKruit2019}.

William Herschel was a pioneer in mapping the \ac{MW} based on scientific observations and measurements \citep{1785RSPT...75..213H}. He estimated the shape of the \ac{MW} by counting the number of stars at over 600 different directions in the sky assisted by his sister Caroline. The number count is proportional to $D^3$, where $D$ is the distance to the edge. This estimation relied on the following assumptions: (1) stars are uniformly distributed in the \ac{MW}, (2) all stars have the same intrinsic luminosity and (3) the telescope is powerful enough to see through the \ac{MW} to its edge.
Fig.~\ref{fig:mw_herschel} presents the estimated map of the \ac{MW}, which corresponds to the edge-on slice of the \ac{MW} disc. The large star near the centre of the map indicates the position of the Sun.
It is surprising that Herschel could estimate the flat disc-like shape of the \ac{MW} with such a simple method and rough assumptions although he mapped the Sun at the wrong place.
\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, trim={0cm 1cm 0cm 1cm}]{figs/Herschel_MW.pdf}
		\caption[Herschel's MW map]{Herschel's \ac{MW} map. The large star near the centre of the map indicates the position of the Sun. This figure is made from a copy of \citet{1785RSPT...75..213H} available at \url{https://www.jstor.org/stable/106755}.}
		\label{fig:mw_herschel}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

%*******************************************************
% Abstract
%*******************************************************
%\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract}
\pdfbookmark[1]{Abstract}{Abstract}
% \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\tocEntry{Abstract}}
\begingroup
%\let\clearpage\relax
%\let\cleardoublepage\relax
%\let\cleardoublepage\relax

\chapter*{Abstract}
This is a \LaTeX template for doctoral theses, based on the \textsc{classicthesis} (\url{https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/}) template and customized to meet the formatting requirements of the Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo.

\jpn{
	\textsc{classic thesis} (\url{https://ctan.org/pkg/classicthesis}) を元にした学位論文用\LaTeXテンプレートです。東京大学理学系研究科の博士論文様式に合うように調整しています。
}
%

\endgroup

%*******************************************************
% Acknowledgements
%*******************************************************
\pdfbookmark[1]{Acknowledgements}{acknowledgements}

\begingroup
\let\clearpage\relax
\let\cleardoublepage\relax
\chapter*{Acknowledgements}
This thesis was typeset using the typographical look-and-feel \textsc{classicthesis} (\url{https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/}) developed by Andr\'e Miede and Ivo Pletikosi\'c.

\endgroup

%********************************************************************
% Bibliography
%*******************************************************
% work-around to have small caps also here in the headline
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/188126/wrong-header-in-bibliography-classicthesis
% Thanks to Enrico Gregorio
%\defbibheading{bibintoc}[\bibname]{%
%  \phantomsection
%  \manualmark
%  \markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}%
%  \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\beforebibskip}}%
%  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\tocEntry{#1}}%
%  \chapter*{#1}%
%}
%\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]

\bookmarksetup{startatroot}
\pdfbookmark[1]{Bibliography}{bibliography}
\bibliographystyle{\mybst}
\bibliography{\mybib}

% Old version, will be removed later
% work-around to have small caps also here in the headline
%\manualmark
%\markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\bibname}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\bibname}} % work-around to have small caps also
%\phantomsection
%\refstepcounter{dummy}
%\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{\beforebibskip}} % to have the bib a bit from the rest in the toc
%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\tocEntry{\bibname}}
%\label{app:bibliography}
%\printbibliography

%*******************************************************
% Table of Contents
%*******************************************************
\pagestyle{scrheadings}
%\phantomsection
\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{tableofcontents}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} % <-- 2 includes up to subsections in the ToC
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} % <-- 3 numbers up to subsubsections
\manualmark
\markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\contentsname}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\contentsname}}
\tableofcontents
\automark[section]{chapter}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\textsc{\thesection}\enspace\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}}
%*******************************************************
% List of Figures and of the Tables
%*******************************************************
\clearpage
% \pagestyle{empty} % Uncomment this line if your lists should not have any headlines with section name and page number
\begingroup
    \let\clearpage\relax
    \let\cleardoublepage\relax
    %*******************************************************
    % List of Figures
    %*******************************************************
    %\phantomsection
    %\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listfigurename}
    \pdfbookmark[1]{\listfigurename}{lof}
    \listoffigures

    \vspace{8ex}

    %*******************************************************
    % List of Tables
    %*******************************************************
    %\phantomsection
    %\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listtablename}
    \pdfbookmark[1]{\listtablename}{lot}
    \listoftables

    \vspace{8ex}
    % \newpage

    %*******************************************************
    % List of Listings
    %*******************************************************
    %\phantomsection
    %\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\lstlistlistingname}
    \pdfbookmark[1]{\lstlistlistingname}{lol}
    \lstlistoflistings

    \vspace{8ex}

    %*******************************************************
    % Acronyms
    %*******************************************************
    %\phantomsection
    \pdfbookmark[1]{Acronyms}{acronyms}
    \markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{Acronyms}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{Acronyms}}
    \chapter*{Acronyms}
		\begin{acronym}[JASMINE]\itemsep0pt
      \acro{JASMINE}[\textit{JASMINE}]{Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for INfrared Exploration}
      \acro{KLD}{Kullback-Leibler divergence}
      \acro{LMC}{Large Magellanic Cloud}
      \acro{LSR}{local standard of rest}
      \acro{MW}{Milky Way}
      \acro{OLR}{outer Lindblad resonance}
		\end{acronym}

\endgroup

%*******************************************************
% Publications
%*******************************************************
\pdfbookmark[1]{Publications}{publications}
\begingroup
\let\clearpage\relax
\let\cleardoublepage\relax
\let\cleardoublepage\relax

\chapter*{Publications}
This thesis has used the materials of the following publications.

\begin{itemize}
	\item
\end{itemize}
\endgroup

\vfill

\thispagestyle{empty}

\hfill

\vfill

%\noindent \textit{\myTitle,} %\mySubtitle, %\myDegree,
\textcopyright\ \myName \myTime

%\bigskip
%%
%\noindent Supervisor: \\
%\mySupervisor
%
%\medskip
%
%\noindent Location: \\
%\myLocation
%
%\medskip
%
%\noindent\spacedlowsmallcaps{Time Frame}: \\
%\myTime

%*******************************************************
% Titlepage
%*******************************************************
\begin{titlepage}
    \pdfbookmark[1]{\myTitle}{titlepage}
    % if you want the titlepage to be centered, uncomment and fine-tune the line below (KOMA classes environment)
    \begin{center}
        \begingroup
        \vspace*{2mm}
				\large \thesisType\\
        \vspace{2mm}
				\large \jpn{\thesisTypeJP}
        \endgroup

        \vfill

        \begingroup
				\Large \myTitle\\
        \vspace{2mm}
				\Large \jpn{(\myTitleJP)}
        \endgroup

        \vfill
        \vfill

        \begingroup
				\large A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of {\myDegree}\\
				\large {\myTime}\\
        \vspace{2mm}
				\large \jpn{\myTimeJP\myDegreeJP申請}
        \endgroup

        \vfill

        \begingroup
        \large \myDepartment, \myFaculty \\
        \myUni \\
        \vspace{2mm}
				\large \jpn{\myDepFacUniJP}
        \endgroup

        \vfill

        \begingroup
        \large \myName\\
        \vspace{2mm}
				\large \jpn{\myNameJP}
        \vspace{2mm}
        \endgroup


    \end{center}
\end{titlepage}

% **************************************************************************************************************
% A Classic Thesis Style
% An Homage to The Elements of Typographic Style
%
% Copyright (C) 2018 André Miede and Ivo Pletikosić
%
% If you like the style then I would appreciate a postcard. My address
% can be found in the file ClassicThesis.pdf. A collection of the
% postcards I received so far is available online at
% http://postcards.miede.de
%
% License:
% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
%
% PLEASE SEE ALSO THE AUTHORS' NOTE REGARDING THIS LICENSE
% IN THE DOCUMENTATION (ClassicThesis.pdf --> Chapter 1 / Chapter01.tex)
% **************************************************************************************************************
\RequirePackage{silence} % :-\
    \WarningFilter{scrreprt}{Usage of package `titlesec'}
    %\WarningFilter{scrreprt}{Activating an ugly workaround}
    \WarningFilter{titlesec}{Non standard sectioning command detected}
\documentclass[twoside=on,openright,titlepage,numbers=noenddot,%1headlines,
                headinclude,
                footinclude,
								cleardoublepage=empty,
                BCOR=18mm,
								%BCOR=0mm,
								paper=a4,
								fontsize=10pt,
                headlines=1,
                headsepline,
                ]{scrbook}

%********************************************************************
% Note: Make all your adjustments in here
%*******************************************************
\input{classicthesis-config}

%********************************************************************
% Bibliographies
%*******************************************************
\newcommand{\mybst}{mnras}
\newcommand{\mybib}{mybib}

%********************************************************************
% Hyphenation
%*******************************************************
%\hyphenation{put special hyphenation here}

% ********************************************************************
% GO!GO!GO! MOVE IT!
%*******************************************************
\begin{document}
\frenchspacing
\raggedbottom
\selectlanguage{american} % american ngerman
%\renewcommand*{\bibname}{new name}
%\setbibpreamble{}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\pagestyle{plain}
%********************************************************************
% Frontmatter
%*******************************************************
%\include{FrontBackmatter/DirtyTitlepage}
\include{FrontBackmatter/Titlepage}
\include{FrontBackmatter/Titleback}
\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Abstract}
\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Acknowledgments}
\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Publications}
\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Contents}

%********************************************************************
% Mainmatter
%*******************************************************
\cleardoublepage
\pagestyle{scrheadings}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
% use \cleardoublepage here to avoid problems with pdfbookmark
\cleardoublepage
\part{Thesis}\label{pt:thesis}
\insertImage
\include{Chapters/intro}
\include{Chapters/chapter2}
\cleardoublepage
% ********************************************************************
% Appendices
%*******************************************************
\cleardoublepage
\part{Appendices}
\appendix
\DeclareFixedFont{\chapterNumber}{U}{eur}{b}{n}{45}
\include{Chapters/Chapter01}
%********************************************************************
% Other Stuff in the Back
%*******************************************************
%\part*{Bibliography}
\include{FrontBackmatter/Bibliography}
%\part*{Acknowledgements}
%\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Declaration}
%\cleardoublepage\include{FrontBackmatter/Colophon}
% ********************************************************************
% Game Over: Restore, Restart, or Quit?
%*******************************************************
\end{document}
% ********************************************************************

% ****************************************************************************************************
% classicthesis-config.tex
% formerly known as loadpackages.sty, classicthesis-ldpkg.sty, and classicthesis-preamble.sty
% Use it at the beginning of your ClassicThesis.tex, or as a LaTeX Preamble
% in your ClassicThesis.{tex,lyx} with \input{classicthesis-config}
% ****************************************************************************************************
% If you like the classicthesis, then I would appreciate a postcard.
% My address can be found in the file ClassicThesis.pdf. A collection
% of the postcards I received so far is available online at
% http://postcards.miede.de
% ****************************************************************************************************


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 0. Set the encoding of your files. UTF-8 is the only sensible encoding nowadays. If you can't read
% äöüßáéçèê∂åëæƒÏ€ then change the encoding setting in your editor, not the line below. If your editor
% does not support utf8 use another editor!
% ****************************************************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{utf8}{inputenc}
\usepackage{inputenc}

\PassOptionsToPackage{T1}{fontenc} % T2A for cyrillics
\usepackage{fontenc}


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 1. Configure classicthesis for your needs here, e.g., remove "drafting" below
% in order to deactivate the time-stamp on the pages
% (see ClassicThesis.pdf for more information):
% ****************************************************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{
	drafting=false,    % print version information on the bottom of the pages
	tocaligned=false, % the left column of the toc will be aligned (no indentation)
	dottedtoc=true,  % page numbers in ToC flushed right
	eulerchapternumbers=true, % use AMS Euler for chapter font (otherwise Palatino)
	linedheaders=false,       % chaper headers will have line above and beneath
	floatperchapter=true,     % numbering per chapter for all floats (i.e., Figure 1.1)
	eulermath=false,  % use awesome Euler fonts for mathematical formulae (only with pdfLaTeX)
	beramono=true,    % toggle a nice monospaced font (w/ bold)
	palatino=true,    % deactivate standard font for loading another one, see the last section at the end of this file for suggestions
	style=classicthesis% classicthesis, arsclassica
}{classicthesis}


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 2. Personal data and user ad-hoc commands (insert your own data here)
% ****************************************************************************************************
\newcommand{\thesisType}{Doctoral Dissertation\xspace}
\newcommand{\thesisTypeJP}{博士論文\xspace}
\newcommand{\myTitle}{Title\xspace}
\newcommand{\myTitleJP}{日本語題目\xspace}
\newcommand{\myDegree}{Doctor of Philosophy\xspace}
\newcommand{\myDegreeJP}{博士(理学)\xspace}
\newcommand{\myName}{My Name\xspace}
\newcommand{\myNameJP}{姓 名\xspace}
%\newcommand{\mySupervisor}{Supervisor name\xspace}
%\newcommand{\mySupervisorJP}{指導教員名\xspace}
\newcommand{\myDepartment}{Department of Astronomy\xspace}
\newcommand{\myFaculty}{Graduate School of Science\xspace}
\newcommand{\myUni}{The University of Tokyo\xspace}
\newcommand{\myDepFacUniJP}{東京大学大学院理学系研究科天文学専攻\xspace}
\newcommand{\myLocation}{Tokyo\xspace}
\newcommand{\myTime}{December 2023\xspace}
\newcommand{\myTimeJP}{令和５年１２月\xspace}
\newcommand{\myVersion}{Ver. 1.0}

% ********************************************************************
% Setup, finetuning, and useful commands
% ********************************************************************
\providecommand{\mLyX}{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
\newcommand{\ie}{i.\,e.}
\newcommand{\Ie}{I.\,e.}
\newcommand{\eg}{e.\,g.}
\newcommand{\Eg}{E.\,g.}

\newcommand{\OmegaBar}{\hbox{$\Omega_{\mathrm{b}}$}}
\newcommand{\sun}{\odot}
\newcommand{\diff}{\mathrm{d}}
\newcommand{\degr}{^{\circ}}
\newcommand{\kpc}{\hbox{$\mathrm{kpc}$}}
\newcommand{\kms}{\hbox{$\mathrm{km \; s^{-1}}$}}
\newcommand{\kmskpc}{\hbox{$\mathrm{km \; s^{-1} \; kpc^{-1}}$}}

\DeclareRobustCommand{\ion}[2]{%
	\relax\ifmmode
		\ifx\testbx\f@series
		{\mathbf{#1\,\mathsc{#2}}}\else
		{\mathrm{#1\,\mathsc{#2}}}\fi
	\else\textup{#1\,{\mdseries\textsc{#2}}}%
\fi}

\DeclareRobustCommand{\VAN}[3]{#2}
\let\VANthebibliography\thebibliography
\def\thebibliography{\DeclareRobustCommand{\VAN}[3]{##3}\VANthebibliography}

\newcommand{\jpn}[1]{\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{ipxm}#1\end{CJK}}
% ****************************************************************************************************


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 3. Loading some handy packages
% ****************************************************************************************************
% ********************************************************************
% Packages with options that might require adjustments
% ********************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{ngerman,american}{babel} % change this to your language(s), main language last
% Spanish languages need extra options in order to work with this template
%\PassOptionsToPackage{spanish,es-lcroman}{babel}
\usepackage{babel}

%\usepackage{csquotes}
%\PassOptionsToPackage{%
%  %backend=biber,bibencoding=utf8, %instead of bibtex
%  backend=bibtex8,bibencoding=ascii,%
%  language=auto,%
%  style=numeric-comp,%
%  %style=authoryear-comp, % Author 1999, 2010
%  %bibstyle=authoryear,dashed=false, % dashed: substitute rep. author with ---
%  sorting=nyt, % name, year, title
%  maxbibnames=10, % default: 3, et al.
%  %backref=true,%
%  natbib=true % natbib compatibility mode (\citep and \citet still work)
%}{biblatex}
%    \usepackage{biblatex}
\usepackage[authoryear]{natbib}
\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}

\PassOptionsToPackage{fleqn}{amsmath}       % math environments and more by the AMS
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\usepackage[automark,headsepline]{scrlayer-scrpage}
\usepackage{calc}

\let\OLDthebibliography\thebibliography
\renewcommand\thebibliography[1]{
	\OLDthebibliography{#1}
	\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus 0.3ex}
}

\pagestyle{scrheadings}
\clearpairofpagestyles
\newcounter{X}
\newcommand{\calculation}[1]{%
	\setcounter{X}{#1}
	\the\value{X}%
}

\newcommand{\insertImage}{}

% ********************************************************************
% Comment out the following lines if you want to use the fancy footer
% ********************************************************************
%\newcounter{snapE}
%\newcounter{snapO}
%\renewcommand{\insertImage}{
%	\lefoot*{\setcounter{snapE}{251 - \value{page}}\hspace*{-10mm}\includegraphics[height=22mm]{footer/images/image_\thesnapE.jpg}}
%	\cofoot*{\setcounter{snapO}{50+\value{page}}\hspace*{142.5mm}\includegraphics[height=22mm]{footer/images/image_\thesnapO.jpg}}
%}

% ********************************************************************
% General useful packages
% ********************************************************************
\usepackage{graphicx} %
\usepackage{scrhack} % fix warnings when using KOMA with listings package
\usepackage{xspace} % to get the spacing after macros right
%\PassOptionsToPackage{printonlyused,smaller}{acronym}
\usepackage{acronym} % nice macros for handling all acronyms in the thesis
%\renewcommand{\bflabel}[1]{{#1}\hfill} % fix the list of acronyms --> no longer working
%\renewcommand*{\acsfont}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
%\renewcommand*{\aclabelfont}[1]{\acsfont{#1}}
%\def\bflabel#1{{#1\hfill}}
\def\bflabel#1{{\acsfont{#1}\hfill}}
\def\aclabelfont#1{\acsfont{#1}}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{threeparttable}
\usepackage[showframe=false]{geometry}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
%

% ****************************************************************************************************
%\usepackage{pgfplots} % External TikZ/PGF support (thanks to Andreas Nautsch)
%\usetikzlibrary{external}
%\tikzexternalize[mode=list and make, prefix=ext-tikz/]
% ****************************************************************************************************

\usepackage{journalabbreviation}


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 4. Setup floats: tables, (sub)figures, and captions
% ****************************************************************************************************
\usepackage{tabularx} % better tables
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{3pt} % increase table row height
\newcommand{\tableheadline}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}}
\newcommand{\myfloatalign}{\centering} % to be used with each float for alignment
\usepackage{subfig}
% ****************************************************************************************************


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 5. Setup code listings
% ****************************************************************************************************
\usepackage{listings}
%\lstset{emph={trueIndex,root},emphstyle=\color{BlueViolet}}%\underbar} % for special keywords

\lstset{language=[LaTeX]Tex,%C++,
	morekeywords={PassOptionsToPackage,selectlanguage},
	keywordstyle=\color{RoyalBlue},%\bfseries,
	basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
	%identifierstyle=\color{NavyBlue},
	commentstyle=\color{Green}\ttfamily,
	stringstyle=\rmfamily,
	numbers=none,%left,%
	numberstyle=\scriptsize,%\tiny
	stepnumber=1,
	numbersep=8pt,
	showstringspaces=false,
	breaklines=true,
	%frameround=ftff,
	frame=single,
	belowcaptionskip=.75\baselineskip
	%frame=L
}
% ****************************************************************************************************




% ****************************************************************************************************
% 6. Last calls before the bar closes
% ****************************************************************************************************
% ********************************************************************
% Her Majesty herself
% ********************************************************************
\usepackage{classicthesis}


% ********************************************************************
% Fine-tune hyperreferences (hyperref should be called last)
% ********************************************************************
\hypersetup{%
	%draft, % hyperref's draft mode, for printing see below
	colorlinks=true, linktocpage=true, pdfstartpage=3, pdfstartview=FitV,%
	% uncomment the following line if you want to have black links (e.g., for printing)
	%colorlinks=false, linktocpage=false, pdfstartpage=3, pdfstartview=FitV, pdfborder={0 0 0},%
	breaklinks=true, pageanchor=true,%
	pdfpagemode=UseNone, %
	% pdfpagemode=UseOutlines,%
	plainpages=false, bookmarksnumbered, bookmarksopen=true, bookmarksopenlevel=1,%
	hypertexnames=true, pdfhighlight=/O,%nesting=true,%frenchlinks,%
	urlcolor=CTurl, linkcolor=CTlink, citecolor=CTcitation, %pagecolor=RoyalBlue,%
	%urlcolor=Black, linkcolor=Black, citecolor=Black, %pagecolor=Black,%
	pdftitle={\myTitle},%
	pdfauthor={\textcopyright\ \myName, \myUni, \myFaculty},%
	pdfsubject={},%
	pdfkeywords={},%
	pdfcreator={pdfLaTeX},%
	pdfproducer={LaTeX with hyperref and classicthesis}%
}


% ********************************************************************
% Setup autoreferences (hyperref and babel)
% ********************************************************************
% There are some issues regarding autorefnames
% http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=latexwords
% you have to redefine the macros for the
% language you use, e.g., american, ngerman
% (as chosen when loading babel/AtBeginDocument)
% ********************************************************************
\makeatletter
\@ifpackageloaded{babel}%
{%
	\addto\extrasamerican{%
		\renewcommand*{\figureautorefname}{Figure}%
		\renewcommand*{\tableautorefname}{Table}%
		\renewcommand*{\partautorefname}{Part}%
		\renewcommand*{\chapterautorefname}{Chapter}%
		\renewcommand*{\sectionautorefname}{Section}%
		\renewcommand*{\subsectionautorefname}{Section}%
		\renewcommand*{\subsubsectionautorefname}{Section}%
	}%
	\addto\extrasngerman{%
		\renewcommand*{\paragraphautorefname}{Absatz}%
		\renewcommand*{\subparagraphautorefname}{Unterabsatz}%
		\renewcommand*{\footnoteautorefname}{Fu\"snote}%
		\renewcommand*{\FancyVerbLineautorefname}{Zeile}%
		\renewcommand*{\theoremautorefname}{Theorem}%
		\renewcommand*{\appendixautorefname}{Anhang}%
		\renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}{Gleichung}%
		\renewcommand*{\itemautorefname}{Punkt}%
	}%
	% Fix to getting autorefs for subfigures right (thanks to Belinda Vogt for changing the definition)
	\providecommand{\subfigureautorefname}{\figureautorefname}%
}{\relax}
\makeatother


% ********************************************************************
% Development Stuff
% ********************************************************************
\listfiles
%\PassOptionsToPackage{l2tabu,orthodox,abort}{nag}
%  \usepackage{nag}
%\PassOptionsToPackage{warning, all}{onlyamsmath}
%  \usepackage{onlyamsmath}


% ****************************************************************************************************
% 7. Further adjustments (experimental)
% ****************************************************************************************************
% ********************************************************************
% Changing the text area
% ********************************************************************
%\areaset[current]{312pt}{761pt} % 686 (factor 2.2) + 33 head + 42 head \the\footskip
%\setlength{\marginparwidth}{7em}%
%\setlength{\marginparsep}{2em}%

% ********************************************************************
% Using different fonts
% ********************************************************************
\usepackage[]{kpfonts} % oldstyle notextcomp
%\usepackage[osf]{libertine}
%\usepackage[light,condensed,math]{iwona}
%\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{iwona}
%\usepackage{lmodern} % <-- no osf support :-(
%\usepackage{cfr-lm} %
%\usepackage[urw-garamond]{mathdesign} %<-- no osf support :-(
%\usepackage[default,osfigures]{opensans} % scale=0.95
%\usepackage[sfdefault]{FiraSans}
%\usepackage[opticals,mathlf]{MinionPro} % onlytext
% ********************************************************************
%\usepackage[largesc,osf]{newpxtext}
%\linespread{1.05} % a bit more for Palatino
% Used to fix these:
% https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/issues/139/italics-in-pallatino-capitals-chapter
% https://bitbucket.org/amiede/classicthesis/issues/45/problema-testatine-su-classicthesis-style
% ********************************************************************
% ****************************************************************************************************

% ********************************************************************
% classicthesis.sty
%
% Copyright (C) 2018 André Miede and Ivo Pletikosić
%
% If you like the style then I would appreciate a postcard. My address
% can be found in the file ClassicThesis.pdf. A collection of the
% postcards I received so far is available online at
% http://postcards.miede.de
%
% License:
% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
%
% ********************************************************************
% Important:
%
% This style can also be used without the thesis template.
% It works with LaTeX, PDFLaTeX, XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX.
%
% ********************************************************************
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{classicthesis}[2018/06/03 v4.6 Typographic style for a classic-looking thesis]
\providecommand{\classicthesis}{classicthesis v4.6}
% Removed due to hint by David Carlisle and Ulrike Fischer
% \PassOptionsToPackage{latest}{latexrelease} % replacement for fixltx2e,
%   \RequirePackage{latexrelease} % emulate newer kernel version if older is detected

\RequirePackage{ifthen}

% ********************************************************************
% Options
% ********************************************************************
\RequirePackage{kvoptions}
\SetupKeyvalOptions{family=ct, prefix=ct@}

\DeclareBoolOption{drafting} % print version information on all pages

\DeclareBoolOption{tocaligned} % the left column of the toc will be aligned (no indentation)
\DeclareBoolOption{dottedtoc} % page numbers in ToC flushed right
\DeclareBoolOption{listsseparated} % OBSOLETE; toggles the vertical space between lof/lot entries of different chapters

\DeclareBoolOption[true]{parts} % OBSOLETE - automatic check; use part division

\DeclareBoolOption{nochapters} % OBSOLETE - automatic check; disable all chapter-specific commands
\DeclareBoolOption{eulerchapternumbers} % use AMS Euler for chapter font (otherwise Palatino)
\DeclareBoolOption{linedheaders} % chaper headers will have line above and beneath
\DeclareBoolOption{floatperchapter} % numbering per chapter for all floats (i.e., Figure 1.1)
\DeclareBoolOption{manychapters} % additional space in ToC after chapter number (if two digits are needed)

\DeclareBoolOption{listings} % OBSOLETE - automatic check; load listings package and setup LoL
\DeclareBoolOption{subfig} % OBSOLETE - automatic check; setup for preloaded @subfig package

\DeclareBoolOption{eulermath} % use awesome Euler fonts for mathematical formulae; only with pdflatex
\DeclareBoolOption[true]{beramono} % toggle a nice monospaced font (w/ bold) + pre-installed
\DeclareBoolOption{minionpro} % OBSOLETE - removed; setup for minion pro font; use minion pro small caps as well
\DeclareBoolOption[true]{palatino} % default is Palatino/Paladio/TeX Gyre Pagella font, use this switch to skip selection
\DeclareStringOption[classicthesis]{style} % classicthesis or arsclassica
\DeclareBoolOption{minionprospacing} % OBSOLETE; use minion pro's textssc for letter spacing
\DeclareBoolOption{pdfspacing} % OBSOLETE; use pdftex for letterspacing (via microtype)

\DeclareBoolOption{a4paper}
\DeclareBoolOption{a5paper}
\DeclareBoolOption{b5paper}
\DeclareBoolOption{letterpaper}
\DeclareStringOption[a4]{paper} % paper size defaults to A4
\ProcessKeyvalOptions{ct}


%%% seems that KOMA-Script gives preference to old-style paper options, thus first
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@letterpaper}}{\renewcommand*{\ct@paper}{letter}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@a5paper}}{\renewcommand*{\ct@paper}{a5}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@b5paper}}{\renewcommand*{\ct@paper}{b5}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@a4paper}}{\renewcommand*{\ct@paper}{a4}}{}

\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@paper}{letter}\OR\equal{\ct@paper}{a5}\OR\equal{\ct@paper}{b5}\OR\equal{\ct@paper}{a4}}{\relax}%
    {\PackageWarningNoLine{classicthesis}{Text area setup only provided for paper sizes: letter, a5, b5, a4. You are using paper=\ct@paper}}


% subfig-related stuff
\@ifpackageloaded{subfig}%
    {\setboolean{ct@subfig}{true}%
    }{\relax}

\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@subfig}}%
    {\PassOptionsToPackage{subfigure}{tocloft}%
    }{\relax}%

% listings-related stuff
\@ifpackageloaded{listings}%
    {\setboolean{ct@listings}{true}%
    }{\relax}

\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}%
    {\RequirePackage{listings}%
    }{\relax}


% fine-tuning if we do not use chapters
\ifthenelse{\isundefined{\chapter}\OR\boolean{ct@nochapters}}
    {
        \PackageWarningNoLine{classicthesis}{Chapter sectioning command not present in this document class. %
                Deactivating options floatperchapter, linedheaders, manychapters, listsseparated, eulerchapternumbers}%
        \setboolean{ct@linedheaders}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@listsseparated}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@eulerchapternumbers}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@parts}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@manychapters}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@floatperchapter}{false}
        \setboolean{ct@nochapters}{true}
    }{\relax}

% no parts in document class
\ifthenelse{\NOT\isundefined{\part}\AND\boolean{ct@parts}}
    {\setboolean{ct@parts}{true}}{\setboolean{ct@parts}{false}}

% use arsclassica style
\provideboolean{ct@arsclassica}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@style}{arsclassica}}%
    {%\setboolean{ct@eulerchapternumbers}{true}% for arsclassica only eulerchapternumbers
    \setboolean{ct@arsclassica}{true}}{\setboolean{ct@arsclassica}{false}}

% ********************************************************************
% PDF and XeLaTeX Stuff
% ********************************************************************
\RequirePackage{ifpdf}
\RequirePackage{ifxetex}
%\RequirePackage{ifluatex}

% ********************************************************************
% Colors
% ********************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}
    \RequirePackage{xcolor} % [dvipsnames]
\definecolor{CTsemi}{gray}{0.55} % chapter numbers will be semi transparent .5 .55 .6 .0
\definecolor{CTcitation}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} % WebGreen
\definecolor{CTurl}{named}{Maroon} % Maroon
\definecolor{CTtitle}{named}{Maroon} % Maroon {cmyk}{0, 0.87, 0.68, 0.32}
\definecolor{CTlink}{named}{RoyalBlue} % RoyalBlue {cmyk}{1, 0.50, 0, 0}
\definecolor{halfgray}{gray}{0.55} % chapter numbers will be semi transparent .5 .55 .6 .0
\definecolor{webgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
\definecolor{webbrown}{rgb}{0.6,0,0}

% ********************************************************************
% Font Stuff
% ********************************************************************
\ifthenelse{\boolean{xetex}\OR\boolean{luatex}}
   { % use fontspec and OpenType fonts with utf8 engines
     \RequirePackage{fontspec}
     \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@palatino}}% default
       {
         \setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX,Numbers=OldStyle]{TeX Gyre Pagella} % Palatino clone
         \linespread{1.05} % a bit more for Palatino
         \RequirePackage{unicode-math}
         \setmathfont{TeX Gyre Pagella Math}
       }{\relax} % use class' default font
     \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@beramono}}%
       {\setmonofont[Scale=0.85]{DejaVu Sans Mono}} % like Bera; Scale=MatchLowercase
       {\setmonofont[Scale=1]{Latin Modern Mono}}
     % font for the chapter numbers will be defined in the old way below
     % because there is no OpenType Euler font; this is how it should be done:
     %\newfontface\chapterNumber[Scale=7,Color=000000]{TeX Gyre Pagella Bold}
   }
   { % use Type 1 fonts with pdflatex
     \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@palatino}}% default
       {
       % default: Palatino
         \PassOptionsToPackage{osf,sc}{mathpazo}%
         \RequirePackage{mathpazo} % Palatino with real small caps and old style figures
         \linespread{1.05} % a bit more for Palatino
       }{\relax}

       \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@beramono}}%
         {\PassOptionsToPackage{scaled=0.85}{beramono}%
           \RequirePackage{beramono}%
         }{%
         \relax%
         % put your own suitable typewriter font here
         %\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{\rmdefault}
         }

       \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@eulermath}}%
         {\PassOptionsToPackage{euler-digits}{eulervm}%
         \RequirePackage{eulervm}} % Euler math fonts
         {\relax}
   }

       \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@eulerchapternumbers}}% font for the chapter numbers
          {\DeclareFixedFont{\chapterNumber}{U}{eur}{b}{n}{60}}%
          {\DeclareFixedFont{\chapterNumber}{T1}{pplj}{m}{n}{60}}%
          {\DeclareFixedFont{\thumbNumber}{U}{eur}{b}{n}{25}}%
         %{\newfont{\chapterNumber}{eurb10 scaled 7000}}%
         %{\newfont{\chapterNumber}{pplr9d scaled 7000}}
         % Euler eurb10 / Palatino OSF pplr9d / Palatino SC pplrc9d
         % Latin Modern cork-lmr10 / Minion MinionPro-Regular-osf-t1
         % (MinionPro-SemiboldCapt-osf-t1 MinionPro-SemiboldDisp-osf-t1)




\RequirePackage{microtype} % character protruding and other micro-typography stuff
% [expansion=false]


% ********************************************************************
% Textblock size
%*******************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{headinclude,footinclude}{typearea} % for classes other than KOMA
\RequirePackage{typearea}

\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@paper}{letter}}%
    {% Letter 216mm x 279mm
            \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{letter paper, Palatino or other}
            \areaset[current]{356pt}{700pt}%  guessing from A4 values
            \setlength{\marginparwidth}{7em}%
            \setlength{\marginparsep}{2em}%
    }{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@paper}{b5}}%
    {% B5 176mm x 250mm
            % Thanks to Jos\'e M. Alcaide
            \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{B5 paper, Palatino or other}%
            \areaset[current]{311pt}{645pt}%
            \setlength{\marginparwidth}{6em}%
            \setlength{\marginparsep}{1.5em}%
    }{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@paper}{a5}}%
    {% A5 148mm x 210mm
            \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{A5 paper, Palatino or other}%
            \areaset[current]{300pt}{600pt}%
            \setlength{\marginparwidth}{4em}%
            \setlength{\marginparsep}{1.25em}%
    }{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\ct@paper}{a4}}%
    {% A4 210mm x 297mm
            \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{A4 paper, Palatino or other}
            \areaset[current]{440pt}{780pt} % ~ 336 * factor 2 + 33 head + 42 \the\footskip
            % \areaset{336pt}{761pt} % 686 (factor 2.2) + 33 head + 42 head \the\footskip 10pt
            \setlength{\marginparwidth}{6em}%
            \setlength{\marginparsep}{0.5em}%
            \setlength{\footskip}{20pt}%
            \setlength{\voffset}{2pt}%
    }{\relax}

% Here are some suggestions for the text widths and heights:
% Palatino  10pt: 288--312pt | 609--657pt
% Palatino  11pt: 312--336pt | 657--705pt
% Palatino  12pt: 360--384pt | 768pt
% Minion      10pt: 264--288pt | 561--609pt
% Minion      11pt: 288--312pt | 609--657pt
% Minion      12pt: 336pt      | 672pt


% ********************************************************************
% Own Stuff
% ********************************************************************
% Disable single lines at the start of a paragraph (Schusterjungen)
\clubpenalty = 10000
% Disable single lines at the end of a paragraph (Hurenkinder)
\widowpenalty = 10000
\displaywidowpenalty = 10000 % formulas

% Graffiti as in GKP's book "Concrete Mathematics"
% thanks to Lorenzo Pantieri and Enrico Gregorio
\def\graffito@setup{%
%   \slshape\footnotesize% this was due to \slhape in above book
   \itshape\footnotesize\leavevmode\color{Black}%
   \parindent=0pt \lineskip=0pt \lineskiplimit=0pt %
   \tolerance=2000 \hyphenpenalty=300 \exhyphenpenalty=300%
   \doublehyphendemerits=100000%
   \finalhyphendemerits=\doublehyphendemerits}
%\DeclareRobustCommand{\graffito}[1]{\marginpar%
% [\graffito@setup\raggedleft\hspace{0pt}{#1}]%
% {\graffito@setup\raggedright\hspace{0pt}{#1}}}

\RequirePackage{mparhack} % get marginpar right

\let\oldmarginpar\marginpar
\renewcommand{\marginpar}[2][]{% always add optional parameter, make it empty by default
   \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax% optional parameter empty, in all normal document calls
      \oldmarginpar[\graffito@setup\raggedleft\hspace{0pt}{#2}]{\graffito@setup\raggedright\hspace{0pt}#2}%
   \else%two parameters, let them use their styling
      \oldmarginpar[{#1}]{#2}%
   \fi%
}


% Enumeration environment with small caps
\newenvironment{aenumerate}
    {\def\theenumi{\textsc{\alph{enumi}}}%
     \enumerate}
    {\endenumerate}

% ********************************************************************
% Fancy Stuff
% ********************************************************************
\RequirePackage{booktabs} % for better rules in tables
\RequirePackage{textcase} % for \MakeTextUppercase

% Provide a hook for font customization, e.g., for arsclassica
\newcommand{\ct@altfont}{}% \color{red}\sffamily
\newcommand{\ct@caps}{\ct@altfont\scshape} % typesetting smallcaps

%%% define spacedallcaps and spacedlowsmallcaps
%%% engine-dependent letterspacing: microtype for pdflatex, fontspec for xelatex and luatex
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{pdf}\OR\boolean{luatex}}{ % pdf will soon test true for both pdflatex and luatex; \AND\NOT\boolean{luatex}
      \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{Using microtype for character spacing.%
                                  Make sure your pdflatex is version 1.40 or higher.}%
      % \microtypesetup{expansion=false}
      \microtypesetup{protrusion=true,expansion=true}
      \DeclareRobustCommand{\spacedallcaps}[1]{\textls[160]{\ct@caps\MakeTextUppercase{#1}}}
      \DeclareRobustCommand{\spacedlowsmallcaps}[1]{\textls[80]{\ct@caps\MakeTextLowercase{#1}}}
      }{\relax}

    \ifthenelse{\boolean{xetex}}{ % use fontspec features; \OR\boolean{luatex} does not work well
      \PackageInfo{classicthesis}{Using fontspec for character spacing.}%
      \microtypesetup{expansion=false}
      \DeclareRobustCommand{\spacedallcaps}[1]{{\addfontfeature{LetterSpace=18.0}\ct@caps\MakeTextUppercase{#1}}}% WordSpace=1.8
      \DeclareRobustCommand{\spacedlowsmallcaps}[1]{{\addfontfeatures{LetterSpace=14.0}\ct@caps\MakeTextLowercase{#1}}}% WordSpace=1.8
      }{\relax}

% ********************************************************************
% headlines
% ********************************************************************
%\PassOptionsToPackage{automark}{scrpage2}
\PassOptionsToPackage{automark}{scrlayer-scrpage}
    %\RequirePackage{scrpage2} % provides headers and footers (KOMA Script)
    \RequirePackage{scrlayer-scrpage} % provides headers and footers (KOMA Script)
     \clearpairofpagestyles
    %\setheadsepline{0pt}
    \let\MakeMarkcase\spacedlowsmallcaps
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
        {\relax}%
        {\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}}}
    \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\textsc{\thesection}\enspace\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}}
    \lehead{\mbox{\llap{\small\pagemark\kern1em}\headmark\hfil}}
    \rohead{\mbox{\hfil{\headmark}\rlap{\small\kern1em\pagemark}}}
    \ofoot[\small\pagemark]{}% only for plain.scrheadings page style (first page of a chapter)
    \renewcommand{\headfont}{\small}
%    \DeclareRobustCommand{\fixBothHeadlines}[2]{} % <--- ToDo
    % hack to get the content headlines right (thanks, Lorenzo!)
        \def\toc@heading{%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
            {\section*{\contentsname}}%nochapters
            {\chapter*{\contentsname}}%chapters
            \@mkboth{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\contentsname}}{\spacedlowsmallcaps{\contentsname}}} %%%IVO: what does this do?


% ********************************************************************
% layout of the chapter-, section-, subsection-, subsubsection-,
% paragraph and description-headings
% ********************************************************************
\RequirePackage[newparttoc]{titlesec} % newparttoc to write \part to .toc with \numberline
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}{\relax}{\titleclass{\chapter}{top}} % thanks to Javier Bezos of titlesec
\def\ttl@addcontentsline#1#2{% this is from titlesec.sty
  \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifttl@toclabel\ttl@a\fi{#2}}% write titles as a group inside {}
  \nobreak}
% parts
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@parts}}%
{%
    \newcommand{\ctparttext}[1]{\renewcommand{\ctparttext@keep}{#1}}
    \def\ctparttext@keep{} % Thanks to Ivo
    \def\ctparttext@print{\ctparttext@keep \gdef\ctparttext@keep{}}
    \titleformat{\part}[display]
    {\normalfont\ct@altfont\centering\large}%
    {\thispagestyle{empty}\partname~\MakeTextUppercase{\thepart}}{1em}%
    {\color{CTtitle}\spacedallcaps}[\bigskip\normalfont\normalsize\color{Black}\begin{quote}\ctparttext@print\end{quote}]
}{\relax}
% chapters
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@linedheaders}}%
{% lines above and below, number right
    \titleformat{\chapter}[display]%
    {\relax}{\raggedleft{\color{CTsemi}\chapterNumber\thechapter} \\ }{0pt}%
    {\titlerule\vspace*{.9\baselineskip}\raggedright\spacedallcaps}[\normalsize\vspace*{.8\baselineskip}\titlerule]%
}{% something like Bringhurst
    \titleformat{\chapter}[display]%
    {\relax}{\mbox{}\oldmarginpar{\vspace*{-3\baselineskip}\color{CTsemi}\chapterNumber\thechapter}}{0pt}%
    %{\relax}{\vspace*{-3\baselineskip}\makebox[\linewidth][r]{\color{halfgray}\chapterNumber\thechapter}}{0pt}%
    {\raggedright\spacedallcaps}[\normalsize\vspace*{.8\baselineskip}\titlerule]% 
}
% sections \FloatBarrier
\titleformat{\section}
    {\relax}{\textsc{\MakeTextLowercase{\thesection}}}{1em}{\spacedlowsmallcaps}
% subsections
\titleformat{\subsection}
    {\relax}{\textsc{\MakeTextLowercase{\thesubsection}}}{1em}{\normalsize\itshape}
% subsubsections
\titleformat{\subsubsection}
    {\relax}{\textsc{\MakeTextLowercase{\thesubsubsection}}}{1em}{\normalsize\itshape}
% paragraphs
\titleformat{\paragraph}[runin]
    {\normalfont\normalsize}{\theparagraph}{0pt}{\spacedlowsmallcaps}
% descriptionlabels
    \renewcommand{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace*{\labelsep}\spacedlowsmallcaps{#1}}   % spacedlowsmallcaps textit textsc
% spacing
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
    {\relax}%
    {\titlespacing*{\chapter}{0pt}{1\baselineskip}{1.2\baselineskip}}
\titlespacing*{\section}{0pt}{1.25\baselineskip}{1\baselineskip}
\titlespacing*{\subsection}{0pt}{1.25\baselineskip}{1\baselineskip}
\titlespacing*{\paragraph}{0pt}{1\baselineskip}{1\baselineskip}

% ********************************************************************
% layout of the TOC, LOF and LOT (LOL-workaround see next section)
% ********************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{titles}{tocloft}
\RequirePackage{tocloft}
% avoid page numbers being right-aligned in fixed-size box
\newlength{\newnumberwidth}
\settowidth{\newnumberwidth}{999} % yields overfull hbox warnings for pages > 999
\cftsetpnumwidth{\newnumberwidth}

% have the bib neatly positioned after the rest
\newlength{\beforebibskip}
\setlength{\beforebibskip}{0em}

% space for more than nine chapters
\newlength{\newchnumberwidth}
\settowidth{\newchnumberwidth}{.} % <--- tweak here if more space required
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@manychapters}}% <--- many chapters option
{%
    \addtolength{\cftchapnumwidth}{\newchnumberwidth}%
    \addtolength{\cftsecnumwidth}{\newchnumberwidth}
    \addtolength{\cftsecindent}{\newchnumberwidth}
    \addtolength{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{\newchnumberwidth}
    \addtolength{\cftsubsecindent}{2\newchnumberwidth}
    \addtolength{\cftsubsubsecnumwidth}{\newchnumberwidth}
}{\relax}%

% pagenumbers right after the titles
% parts
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@parts}}%
{%
    \renewcommand{\thepart}{\roman{part}}%
    \renewcommand{\cftpartpresnum}{\scshape}%  \MakeTextLowercase
    \renewcommand{\cftpartaftersnum}{}%
    \renewcommand{\cftpartaftersnumb}{\spacedlowsmallcaps}%
    \setlength{\cftpartnumwidth}{\cftchapnumwidth}
    \renewcommand{\cftpartfont}{\color{CTtitle}\normalfont}%
    \cftpagenumbersoff{part}
    \renewcommand{\cftpartpagefont}{\normalfont}%
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
      {%
        \renewcommand{\cftpartleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
        \renewcommand{\cftpartafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
      }%
    \setlength{\cftbeforepartskip}{1em}%
    \setlength{\cftbeforechapskip}{.1em}%
    \setlength{\beforebibskip}{1.5\cftbeforepartskip}%
}{\relax}
% chapters
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
    {\relax}%
    {%
        \renewcommand{\cftchappresnum}{\spacedlowsmallcaps}%
        \renewcommand{\cftchapaftersnumb}{\spacedlowsmallcaps}%
        \renewcommand{\cftchapfont}{\normalfont}%
        \renewcommand{\cftchappagefont}{\normalfont}%
        \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
          {%
            \renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
            \renewcommand{\cftchapafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
          }
        %\setlength{\cftbeforechapskip}{.1em}%
    }
% sections
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
    {%
        \setlength{\cftbeforesecskip}{.1em}%
        \setlength{\beforebibskip}{1em}%
    }%
    {\relax}
\renewcommand{\cftsecpresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
\renewcommand{\cftsecfont}{\normalfont}%
\renewcommand{\cftsecpagefont}{\normalfont}%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
    {%
        \renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
        \renewcommand{\cftsecafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
    }
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@tocaligned}}{\renewcommand{\cftsecindent}{0em}}{\relax}
% subsections
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecpresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecfont}{\normalfont}%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
{%
    \renewcommand{\cftsubsecleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
    \renewcommand{\cftsubsecafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@tocaligned}}{\renewcommand{\cftsubsecindent}{0em}}{\relax}
% subsubsections
\renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecpresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
\renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecfont}{\normalfont}%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
{%
    \renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
    \renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@tocaligned}}{\renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecindent}{0em}}{\relax}
% figures
\renewcommand{\cftfigpresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
\renewcommand{\cftfigfont}{\normalfont}%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
{%
    \renewcommand{\cftfigleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
    \renewcommand{\cftfigafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
}
\renewcommand{\cftfigpresnum}{\figurename~}%Fig.~}
\newlength{\figurelabelwidth}
\settowidth{\figurelabelwidth}{\cftfigpresnum~999}
\addtolength{\figurelabelwidth}{2.5em}
\cftsetindents{figure}{0em}{\figurelabelwidth}
% tables
\renewcommand{\cfttabpresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
\renewcommand{\cfttabfont}{\normalfont}%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
{%
    \renewcommand{\cfttableader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
    \renewcommand{\cfttabafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
}
\renewcommand{\cfttabpresnum}{\tablename~}%Tab.~}
\newlength{\tablelabelwidth}
\settowidth{\tablelabelwidth}{\cfttabpresnum~999}
\addtolength{\tablelabelwidth}{2.5em}
%\cftsetindents{table}{0em}{\tablelabelwidth}
\cftsetindents{table}{0em}{\figurelabelwidth}
% listings
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}%
{%
    \newlistof{listings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}%
    \renewcommand{\cftlistingspresnum}{\scshape\MakeTextLowercase}%
    \renewcommand{\cftlistingsfont}{\normalfont}%
    \renewcommand{\cftlistingspresnum}{\lstlistingname~}%
    \renewcommand{\cftlistingspagefont}{\normalfont}%
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@dottedtoc}}{\relax}%
    {%
        \renewcommand{\cftlistingsleader}{\hspace{1.5em}}%
        \renewcommand{\cftlistingsafterpnum}{\cftparfillskip}%
    }
    \newlength{\listingslabelwidth}%
    \settowidth{\listingslabelwidth}{\cftlistingspresnum~999}%
    \addtolength{\listingslabelwidth}{2.5em}%
    %\cftsetindents{listings}{0em}{\listingslabelwidth}%
    \cftsetindents{listings}{0em}{\figurelabelwidth}%
    \let\l@lstlisting\l@listings%
    \let\lstlistoflistings\listoflistings%
}{\relax}%

% dirty work-around to get the spacing after the toc/lot/lof-titles right
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@parts}}%
{%
    \AtBeginDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{-\cftbeforepartskip}}}
}{%
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
        {\relax}%
        {\AtBeginDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{-\cftbeforechapskip}}}}
}

\newcommand{\tocEntry}[1]{\protect\numberline {}{#1}}%

%% remove the vertical space between lof/lot entries of different chapters
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listsseparated}}{%
    \PackageWarningNoLine{classicthesis}{Option "listsseparated" deprecated as of version 2.9.}%
}{\relax}
% \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listsseparated}}{%
%     \AtBeginDocument{%
%         \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\vspace{-\cftbeforechapskip}}%
%         \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\vspace{-\cftbeforechapskip}}%
%         \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}%
%                {%
%            \addtocontents{lol}{\protect\vspace{-\cftbeforechapskip}}%
%         }{\relax}%
%     }%
% }{%

\DeclareRobustCommand*{\deactivateaddvspace}{\let\addvspace\@gobble}%
\AtBeginDocument{%
    \addtocontents{lof}{\deactivateaddvspace}%
    \addtocontents{lot}{\deactivateaddvspace}%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}%
            {%
                \addtocontents{lol}{\deactivateaddvspace}%
            }{\relax}%
}%
%    }

% ********************************************************************
% Footnotes setup
% ********************************************************************
\ifdefined\deffootnote
    % KOMA-command, footnotemark not superscripted at the bottom
    \deffootnote{0em}{0em}{\thefootnotemark\hspace*{.5em}}%
    \message{Using KOMA-command "deffootnote" for footnote setup}%
\else
    \PassOptionsToPackage{marginal}{footmisc}% marginal flushmargin
    \RequirePackage{footmisc}%
    % \setlength{\footnotemargin}{-.5em}%
    \PackageWarningNoLine{classicthesis}{Using package "footmisc" with option %
        "marginal" for footnote setup (not 100\% the same as with KOMA)}%
\fi

% ********************************************************************
% Drafting Stuff
% ********************************************************************
\RequirePackage{scrtime} % time access
\newcommand{\finalVersionString}{\relax}
\providecommand{\myVersion}{$\!\!$} % w/o classicthesis-config.tex
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@drafting}}{%
%    \RequirePackage{draftwatermark}%
%       \SetWatermarkLightness{0.9}
%           \SetWatermarkScale{.5}
%           \SetWatermarkText{\today\ at \thistime}
        \PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{prelim2e}
        \RequirePackage{prelim2e}
        \renewcommand{\PrelimWords}{\relax}
        \renewcommand{\PrelimText}{\footnotesize[\,\today\ at \thistime\ -- \myVersion\,]}
}{\renewcommand{\finalVersionString}{\emph{Final Version} as of \today\ (\myVersion).}}

% ********************************************************************
% Captions
% ********************************************************************
% \PassOptionsToPackage{font=small}{caption} % ,format=hang ,labelformat=smallcaps
\RequirePackage{caption}
\captionsetup{font=small}
% Thanks to cgnieder and Claus Lahiri
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/69349/spacedlowsmallcaps-in-caption-label
% [REMOVED DUE TO OTHER PROBLEMS, SEE ISSUE #82]
%\DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{smallcaps}{\bothIfFirst{#1}{~}\MakeTextLowercase{\textsc{#2}}}

% ********************************************************************
% Caption numbering now w/o chapter number
% ********************************************************************
\ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@floatperchapter}}{%
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}{%
        \lstset{numberbychapter=true}}{\relax}% numberbychapter works in listings>=1.4
}{%
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@listings}}{%
        \lstset{numberbychapter=false}}{\relax}%
    \RequirePackage{remreset}%
        \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
        {\relax}{%
            \@removefromreset{table}{chapter}  % requires remreset package
        }%
        \renewcommand{\thetable}{\arabic{table}}%
        \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
        {\relax}{%
            \@removefromreset{figure}{chapter}  % requires remreset package
        }%
        \renewcommand{\thefigure}{\arabic{figure}}%
        \ifthenelse{\boolean{ct@nochapters}}%
        {\relax}{%
            \@removefromreset{equation}{chapter}  % requires remreset package
        }%
        \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}}%
}

% ********************************************************************
% arsclassica integration (experimental, dirty hack currently)
% ********************************************************************
\ifct@arsclassica
\RequirePackage{classicthesis-arsclassica}
\fi


% ********************************************************************
% hyperreferences, pdf outline
% ********************************************************************
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyperfootnotes=false}{hyperref}
\RequirePackage{hyperref}
    \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\let\thepart=\relax} % no part numbers (i, ii, iii) in PDF outline   IVO
   %\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\renewcommand{\thepart}{\Roman{part}}} %%%IVO bring back Part numbers in PDF outline
    \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linktocpage=true,breaklinks=true,urlcolor=CTurl,linkcolor=CTlink,citecolor=CTcitation}


% ********************************************************************
% Backward-compatibility
% ********************************************************************
\let\myChapter\chapter
\let\myPart\part
\let\graffito\marginpar

% Standard journal abbreviations
% Mostly as used by ADS, with a few additions for journals where MNRAS does not
% follow normal IAU style.

\newcommand\aap{A\&A}                % Astronomy and Astrophysics
\let\astap=\aap                          % alternative shortcut
\newcommand\aapr{A\&ARv}             % Astronomy and Astrophysics Review (the)
\newcommand\aaps{A\&AS}              % Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
\newcommand\actaa{Acta Astron.}      % Acta Astronomica
\newcommand\afz{Afz}                 % Astrofizika
\newcommand\aj{AJ}                   % Astronomical Journal (the)
\newcommand\ao{Appl. Opt.}           % Applied Optics
\let\applopt=\ao                         % alternative shortcut
\newcommand\aplett{Astrophys.~Lett.} % Astrophysics Letters
\newcommand\apj{ApJ}                 % Astrophysical Journal
\newcommand\apjl{ApJ}                % Astrophysical Journal, Letters
\let\apjlett=\apjl                       % alternative shortcut
\newcommand\apjs{ApJS}               % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement
\let\apjsupp=\apjs                       % alternative shortcut
% The following journal does not appear to exist! Disabled.
%\newcommand\apspr{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.} % Astrophysics Space Physics Research
\newcommand\apss{Ap\&SS}             % Astrophysics and Space Science
\newcommand\araa{ARA\&A}             % Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
\newcommand\arep{Astron. Rep.}       % Astronomy Reports
\newcommand\aspc{ASP Conf. Ser.}     % ASP Conference Series
\newcommand\azh{Azh}                 % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
\newcommand\baas{BAAS}               % Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
\newcommand\bac{Bull. Astron. Inst. Czechoslovakia} % Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia
\newcommand\bain{Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands} % Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands
\newcommand\caa{Chinese Astron. Astrophys.} % Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics
\newcommand\cjaa{Chinese J.~Astron. Astrophys.} % Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
\newcommand\fcp{Fundamentals Cosmic Phys.}  % Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics
\newcommand\gca{Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta}   % Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta
\newcommand\grl{Geophys. Res. Lett.} % Geophysics Research Letters
\newcommand\iaucirc{IAU~Circ.}       % IAU Cirulars
\newcommand\icarus{Icarus}           % Icarus
\newcommand\japa{J.~Astrophys. Astron.} % Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
\newcommand\jcap{J.~Cosmology Astropart. Phys.} % Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
\newcommand\jcp{J.~Chem.~Phys.}      % Journal of Chemical Physics
\newcommand\jgr{J.~Geophys.~Res.}    % Journal of Geophysics Research
\newcommand\jqsrt{J.~Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer} % Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
\newcommand\jrasc{J.~R.~Astron. Soc. Canada} % Journal of the RAS of Canada
\newcommand\memras{Mem.~RAS}         % Memoirs of the RAS
\newcommand\memsai{Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana} % Memoire della Societa Astronomica Italiana
\newcommand\mnassa{MNASSA}           % Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
\newcommand\mnras{MNRAS}             % Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
\newcommand\na{New~Astron.}          % New Astronomy
\newcommand\nar{New~Astron.~Rev.}    % New Astronomy Review
\newcommand\nat{Nature}              % Nature
\newcommand\nphysa{Nuclear Phys.~A}  % Nuclear Physics A
\newcommand\pra{Phys. Rev.~A}        % Physical Review A: General Physics
\newcommand\prb{Phys. Rev.~B}        % Physical Review B: Solid State
\newcommand\prc{Phys. Rev.~C}        % Physical Review C
\newcommand\prd{Phys. Rev.~D}        % Physical Review D
\newcommand\pre{Phys. Rev.~E}        % Physical Review E
\newcommand\prl{Phys. Rev.~Lett.}    % Physical Review Letters
\newcommand\pasa{Publ. Astron. Soc. Australia}  % Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
\newcommand\pasp{PASP}               % Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
\newcommand\pasj{PASJ}               % Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
\newcommand\physrep{Phys.~Rep.}      % Physics Reports
\newcommand\physscr{Phys.~Scr.}      % Physica Scripta
\newcommand\planss{Planet. Space~Sci.} % Planetary Space Science
\newcommand\procspie{Proc.~SPIE}     % Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
\newcommand\rmxaa{Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis.} % Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica
\newcommand\qjras{QJRAS}             % Quarterly Journal of the RAS
\newcommand\sci{Science}             % Science
\newcommand\skytel{Sky \& Telesc.}   % Sky and Telescope
\newcommand\solphys{Sol.~Phys.}      % Solar Physics
\newcommand\sovast{Soviet~Ast.}      % Soviet Astronomy (aka Astronomy Reports)
\newcommand\ssr{Space Sci. Rev.}     % Space Science Reviews
\newcommand\zap{Z.~Astrophys.}       % Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik

42 KB — too long to show here. It arrives with the project.

@BOOK{2008gady.book.....B,
       author = {{Binney}, James and {Tremaine}, Scott},
        title = "{Galactic Dynamics: Second Edition}",
         year = 2008,
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008gady.book.....B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@BOOK{1998gaas.book.....B,
       author = {{Binney}, James and {Merrifield}, Michael},
        title = "{Galactic Astronomy}",
         year = 1998,
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998gaas.book.....B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@ARTICLE{2016ARA&A..54..529B,
       author = {{Bland-Hawthorn}, Joss and {Gerhard}, Ortwin},
        title = "{The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties}",
      journal = {\araa},
     keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies},
         year = 2016,
        month = sep,
       volume = {54},
        pages = {529-596},
          doi = {10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
       eprint = {1602.07702},
 primaryClass = {astro-ph.GA},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ARA&A..54..529B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@ARTICLE{1785RSPT...75..213H,
       author = {{Herschel}, William},
        title = "{On the Construction of the Heavens.}",
      journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series I},
         year = 1785,
        month = jan,
       volume = {75},
        pages = {213-266},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1785RSPT...75..213H},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}


@BOOK{vanderKruit2019,
       author = {{\VAN{Kruit}{van der}{van der} Kruit}, Pieter C.},
        title = "{Jan Hendrik Oort: Master of the Galactic System}",
         year = 2019,
          doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-17801-7},
    publisher = {Springer},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ASSL..459.....V},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}


@BOOK{2017gra..book.....S,
       author = {{Sofue}, Yoshiaki},
        title = "{Galactic Radio Astronomy}",
         year = 2017,
          doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-3445-9},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017gra..book.....S},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@book{Ginga2,
        title = {\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{ipxm}祖父江 義明, 有本 信雄, 家 正則 [編] 銀河II 銀河系 [第2版]（シリーズ現代の天文学 第５巻）\end{CJK}},
       editor = {{Sofue}, Y  and {Arimoto}, N and {Iye}, M},
         year = {2018},
    publisher = {\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{ipxm}日本評論社\end{CJK}},
         isbn = {9784535607552},
}


@BOOK{bringhurst:2002,
    title = {{T}he {E}lements of {T}ypographic {S}tyle},
    publisher = {Hartley \& Marks Publishers},
    year = {2013},
    author = {Robert Bringhurst},
    series = {Version 4.0: 20th Anniversary Edition},
    address = {Point Roberts, WA, USA}
}