UNLV thesis and dissertation (UNLVthesis, R. Gill)

\chapter*{ABSTRACT}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Abstract}% This command adds the Abstract to the table of contents.

\begin{center}
\textbf{THE TITLE OF YOUR THESIS OR DISSERTATION}

By

Your Legal Name

 Dr.\ My Chair, Dissertation Committee
 Chair\\*[-12pt]%Single spaced.
 Professor of Political Science \\*[-12pt]
 University of Nevada, Las Vegas  %
 \end{center}

The abstract would be here.  The purpose of this package is to give some advice about using \LaTeX\ to prepare their thesis, and to illustrate, via an example (this document), what the package produces, as well as provide a template.  This package should be used in conjunction with the source files. It must be numbered iii and be double spaced. All other formatting must be per the requirements of disciplines style guide or style guide that the thesis or dissertation committee members agreed upon.

\chapter*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
%\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Acknowledgments}

I would like to thank Dr.\ Baragar for making this template and Dr.\ Gill for updating it. 

This page is optional. However, Dr.\ Gill recommends that you include this section and give it some significant thought. 

\chapter*{Appendix: Title of Appendix}% Chapter titles can be capitalized or lower case, but they must be consistent throughout. 
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Appendix}

This section is optional. If you have only one appendix, it is titled as above. If you have more than one, you should use Appendix A, B, C, etc. You should label any tables or figures in this section just as you did for your chapters, because they should also appear in your list of tables and/or figures. 

Oversized and digital items can be attached to the document through an appendix. The location of each of these items should be referenced in the appendix. Most of the time, this means you'd include text under the title of the appendix that says what it is and where it can be found. For example, it might say ``Dataset can be found at www.unlv.edu/mydata.''

\blindtext

\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Bibliography}
\bibliographystyle{apsr_fs}
\bibliography{mybib}

% This bibliography is organized using the natbib package. You can use different bibliography styles to suit your needs. You will enter your bibliography entries into the mybib.bib file. This way, you can use the "cite" button on your Google Scholar searches and cut-and-paste the bibtex citation information directly into the bib file. This SampleBibliography.tex file is just the place where the bibliography manifests itself. It pulls the information that you've cited in the text from you mybib.bib file and formats it for inclusion in the printed bibliography.

% This revision of the template includes a file called apsr_fs.bst. This is called in the \bibliographystyle{} command above. If you wish to use a different .bst file, you can include that file in your main project folder and then adjust the \bibliographystyle{} call above as needed. You may also need to adjust the \bibpunct{} call in the preamble of the UNLTthesisTemplate.tex file so that your inline citations match your chosen citation style. Often, your .bst file will have instructions for doing this in a commented section at the beginning of the file.

% If you find yourself having difficulty getting the bibliography to render properly after you've made changes to it, you may need to go into your main project file and delete the auxilliary files that your LaTeX GUI creates. These will include files ending in ..aux, .bbl, .blg, .lof, .log, .pdf, .gz, and .toc. Often, deleting these files and then re-rendering your file will solve the problem. 

\chapter[: Introduction]{Introduction} 
% The title in the square brackets is a workaround to get the colon and space to appear properly in the table of contents. Just include a colon, a space, and then the title of your chapter in the square brackets. The title should appear without the colon and space in the curly brackets.

This section of the template will give you some information about the basic formatting requirements for your thesis or dissertation. To the extent possible, these requirements have been built into this template. The text below comes directly from the ``UNLV Graduate College: General Guidelines for Theses \& Dissertations'' September 1, 2015, update (\url{https://www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/GradCollege-ThesisDissertation-Guidelines.pdf}) and the ``UNLV Graduate College's Organization of the Thesis and Dissertation Compiled Manuals'' updated September 17, 2015 (\url{https://www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/GradCollege-ThesisDissertation-Manual.pdf}). It is your responsibility to check with the Graduate College to confirm that there have been no subsequent updates to the formatting requirements. If you see that there are changes that impact this template, please contact Dr.\ Gill at \url{[email protected]}. 

\section{Fonts}

The font must be a standard style that is clear and readable, typically in 11, or 12 point size. Do not use cursive, script or italicized fonts except where allowed or required by your chosen style guide (Chicago, APA, ASA, MLA, etc.). Font size must be consistent throughout the text. Chapter titles and section titles can be larger font size than the standard text, if in accordance with the student's approved style guide and advisory committee. This style decision must be applied consistently throughout the text. The font size of tables and figures can be smaller than the standard text if in accordance with the student's style guide and advisory committee (8 pt.\ minimum). This style decision must be applied consistently throughout the text.

You can find an instruction manual on how to create this page on the Thesis and Dissertation
website. 

\section{Spacing and Margins}

 The document must be double spaced; the only exceptions are captions, foot‐ notes, long  quotations, bibliographic references, table titles and descriptions, figure titles and descriptions,  inserted materials such as tables, images, diagrams, graphs, etc., and the author's curriculum  vit\ae. Extended direct quotations must be handled according to the rules of your chosen style guide and the direction of your advisory committee. 
 
 Paragraphs should be indented the same number of spaces throughout the document, and
 spacing between paragraphs should be consistent. Spacing around titles, headings and subheadings should be consistent and match the student's chosen style guide. You can find an instruction manual on how to create this page on the Thesis and Dissertation website. 

 All pages should have a 1” margin on all sides (top, bottom, right, and left). Top and bottom margins must be blank with the exception of the page number at the bottom center of the page (please see item 2 – Page Numbering). Do not include other headers or footers. You can find an instruction manual on how to create this page on the Thesis and Dissertation website. 

\chapter[: Where Do I Get \LaTeX?]{Where Do I Get \LaTeX?}

\LaTeX\ is a freeware application.  It was originally designed by Donald Knuth at Stanford, and is being maintained by the (mostly European) academic community.  There are versions that run on PC, Mac, and Linnux systems, among others.  Though the compilers are platform dependent, the source files are not. 

\section{Getting \LaTeX Up and Running}

A great place to start is the \LaTeX-project website site about obtaining \LaTeX\. It is here: \url{https://latex-project.org/ftp.html}. The way you proceed is usually going to involve installing a version of \LaTeX\ and then installing an editor.

\section{Getting your \TeX\ distribution}

You will need to install your \TeX\ distribution before you try to install an editor. For most beginning users, you'll want to install using the default options. The original PC version of \LaTeX\ is MikTeX.  It can be obtained from \url{www.miktex.org}. You can also try proTeXt, which is a \TeX\ distribution for Windows that is based on MikTeX and adds a few extra features. You can find this here: \url{http://www.tug.org/protext}.

The \TeX\ distribution for Mac OS is called MacTeX. It can be downloaded here: \url{http://www.tug.org/mactex/}. If you're using Linux, you probably already have a TeX system installed. If you don't, you should install TeX Live from here: \url{http://www.tug.org/texlive}.

\section{Choosing and installing an editor}

 Then, you'll probably want to choose \LaTeX\ editor. Although MikTex and MacTex both come with front ends, there are heaps of very good open source (free!) editors from which to choose. Dr.\ Gill prefers TeXstudio, which is free from \url{http://texstudio.sourceforge.net}. This editor supports Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. TeXworks (\url{https://www.tug.org/texworks}) and TeXmaker (\url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker}) are also very good, and they work on all of the major operating systems. Dr.\ Baragar prefers Winedt (\url{http://www.winedt.com}), which works on Windows. 
 

 
 Of course, things are always changing in the world of \LaTeX\ . Dr.\ Gill compiled this list as of 2016, but there may be even better options available to you now. Be sure to search for something like ``Best \LaTeX\ Editors 20XX'' (where the 20XX is the current year) to see if you can find something new.
 
\section{Getting started}

It's probably best to extract these files into a new folder for your thesis or dissertation. You should keep a copy of the originals, though, in case you accidentally change something that sends the entire thing down a spiral of warnings, errors, and failed rendering. If your dissertation is temporarily called ``Project X,'' you would extract all of these into a folder of that name.

From there, you'll edit the content in the main files. You might want to change the names of the chapter files. If you do, be sure to change the names in the $\backslash include\{SampleChapterX\}$ entry in the UNLVthesisTemplate.tex file. You're probably going to need more than three chapters, so you'll need to create more and then add $\backslash include\{SampleChapterX\}$ entries in the UNLVthesisTemplate.tex file. 

You will also probably (hopefully!) need a bibliography. Dr.\ Gill has formatted this template to use \texttt{natbib}, which is my favorite. You might want to do this differently, depending upon which formatting style you need to use for your works cited list. Natbib is very flexible (especially for author-date formats). You can find more information on customizing your bibliography using natbib by consulting the Reference Sheet on CTAN's natbib page: \url{http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/natnotes.pdf}.

\section{Resources}

Probably the best place to start is on the starter page for the website \url{www.ctan.org/starter}. This includes links to {\it The (Not so) short introduction to
\LaTeX2$\epsilon$}, by Tobias Oiteker, et al.\ It is a 110 page free
document \citep{oetiker2015notsoshort}. You'll also want to bookmark the \LaTeX\ Wikibook: \url{https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX}. The nice thing about this resource is that it is updated regularly with new information. There are also countless tutorials and videos on the internet. Google is your friend!

There are several books out there that might also be helpful. Some of the old favorites might work, and they might help you avoid having to use a lot of the newer packages. The downside is that these books are out of date about these new packages, so you might miss out on a very simple way to do what you need to do. With that caveat, here are some of the classics courtesy of Dr.\ Baragar: One perennial favorite is {\it The \LaTeX\ Companion} by \citet{goossens1994latex}, but this is probably more for an expert. {\it A document preparation system \LaTeX} by \citet{lamport1986document} is more suited to the beginner. There is also {\it A guide to \LaTeX}, by \citet{kopka2004guide}, but Dr.\ Baragar thinks this, too, is for the expert. 

Because of the rapidly evolving nature of open source programming languages, you may prefer to use the online guides and discussions at places like the \TeX\ section of StackExchange (\url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/ask}). Search first and familiarize yourself with the protocol before you ask a question; the folks over there get irritated if you ask a duplicate question or fail to provide a minimal working example (MWE)!

\chapter[: A Sample Document]{Going Beyond the Text}

One of the more difficult formatting challenges you'll have is dealing with the various special features that many dissertations and theses require. You're likely to need tables, figures, equations, algorithms, or other non-prose representations of your work. Below are some examples of how to accomplish this.

First, a couple of notes from the Graduate College. This is taken directly from the formatting guidelines. This template will accomplish most of this automatically, provided that you use the labeling templates you'll find in this chapter. The first level content below is from the Graduate College, and my commentary for each appears in the second level content.

\begin{itemize}
	\item Be sure that all inserted information (images, tables, graphs, diagrams, etc.) are labeled with a title and number (Example: Table 1. Total Graduate Students from 1986 to 1997). If applicable, the label listed in the text must match the label listed in the List of Tables or List of Figures exactly. The numbering must be consecutive, per the requirements of your style.
		\begin{itemize}
			\item This will happen automatically, provided that you use the proper environments and label tags. The examples are below. 
		\end{itemize}
	\item If a table or a figure is landscape oriented, the table's/figure's label must be landscaped oriented to match.
		\begin{itemize}
			\item There is an example of this below in \cref{fig:fig2} on \cpageref{fig:fig2}. 
		\end{itemize}
	\item If you have 5 or more of an embedded item (tables, figures, equations, algorithms, etc.), the must be referenced in a list in the front of your document. The list should be titled ``List of...,'' so tables would be ``List of Tables,''  figures would be ``List of Figures,'' etc. If you 4 or fewer of an item, it does not need to appear in a list. 
		\begin{itemize}
			\item This is already automated in this template \textit{except} for lists of equations or theorems. To do this, you would need to use the \textsf{tocloft} package. This would require completely rewriting the \texttt{UNLVthesisTemplate.tex} and \texttt{UNLVthesis.sty} files. Dr.\ Gill hopes to undertake this formatting overhaul in an upcoming version of the template.
		\end{itemize}	
	\item Tables and figures must be clearly delineated from the text. This can be done by line breaks, (a double space), borders, or a delineation that is approved by your style guide. The title and description of tables, figures, images, etc. are considered to be part of the table, figure, or image and must be clearly delineated from the text as well.
		\begin{itemize}
			\item This is automated in the template. You can also use the placement operators and (if you must) vertical or horizontal spacing adjustments to get the look you want. 
		\end{itemize}
	\item Images, tables, diagrams, graphs, etc. embedded into your document must fit on a single page. You can use a smaller font size on tables, figures, and other inserted materials. If a table does not fit within your text on a single page it must be moved to an appendix. You can either give	each table its own appendix or you can create a single appendix containing multiple tables.
		\begin{itemize}
			\item If you have a table that spans more than one page, it has to go in an appendix. You will probably want to use the \textsf{longtable} package to accomplish that. 
		\end{itemize}

\end{itemize} 

\section{Equations, Algorithms, and Theorems}

In the current version of this template, there is no support for a table of equations. If you have more than five numbered equations in your thesis or dissertation, you are required to include a table of equations. In order to do this, you will probably have to use the \textsf{tocloft} package. If you do that, you'll basically need to rewrite much of the \texttt{UNLVthesisTemplate.tex} and \texttt{UNLVthesis.sty} documents. Dr.\ Gill is currently working on incorporating the \textsf{tocloft} package into a future version of this template.

To type an equation in the line, put it between dollar signs.  For
example, $y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \varepsilon$.  If you would like to highlight that equation without numbering it, you can use this notation:  $$y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \varepsilon$$
If the equation is to be referenced, then do the following:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Equation1}
	%This is the label of the equation -- LaTeX will number it.
	y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \varepsilon
\end{equation}

Note that, if you have five or more numbered equations in your thesis or dissertation, you'll need to include a Table of Equations. You can then reference the equation (\cref{eq:Equation1}) has no
non-trivial solutions in the integers. 

Some results are important, and you may wish to express them as a theorem.

\begin{theorem}[Fermat's Last Theorem]\label{theorem 1}  The equation $x^n+y^n=z^n$ has no solutions $x,y,z\in \mathbb Z$ for $n\geq 3$ and $xyz\neq 0$.
\end{theorem}

You can then reference the theorem using the \textsf{cleveref} package. \Cref{theorem 1} was proved by Wiles.  The proof does not appear in \citet{kopka2004guide}.

Sometimes you might want to have aligned equations, like the following:
\begin{align} %\label{eq:Equations} put the label here to label both, removing individual labels
	\frac{\partial\hat{Y}}{\partial X_1} &= B_1 \label{eq:Equation2} \\
	\frac{\partial\hat{Y}}{\partial X_2} &= B_2 \label{eq:Equation3}
\end{align}

You could also choose to place the label directly after the align command, which would label the pair of equations instead of labeling each of the equations separately. 

\section{Figures and Tables}

You will probably need to use figures or tables in your dissertation or thesis. Below are a few examples here so that you can see how to do this properly. Remember to label these figures and tables so that they appear properly in your list of tables and/or list of figures.



A picture is shown in  \cref{fig:fig1}.
\begin{figure}[h]
		%This [h] tells LaTeX to try to put the picture here. Without it, it will go to the top of the next page. There are a number of other placement operators that can help you achieve the look that you want.
	\centering
\thisfloatpagestyle{plain}
\label{fig:fig1}
\caption{This is a Figure}
{\mbox{\includegraphics[height=140pt]{fig1.png}}}
\end{figure}
	% Be careful with empty lines -- remember, they mean new paragraph.
    % There are no empty lines before and after the figure environment since
    % I do not want a new paragraph here.

Now, let's try to include a landscape image. This is required for images (or tables) that are too wide to fit on a single page. Obviously, \LaTeX\ is going to put this where it will fit, so you'll have to look to \cpageref{fig:fig2} to find \cref{fig:fig2}.

\begin{sidewaysfigure}
	\centering
	\caption{This is a Landscape Figure}
		\label{fig:fig2}
		\thisfloatpagestyle{floatpage}
			\includegraphics[scale = .5]{huge-placeholder.png}
\end{sidewaysfigure}

You can use all sorts of different programs to create graphics.\footnote{Dr.\ Gill likes using \textsf{R} to make cool data visualizations!} Usually, .png files seem to work best in \LaTeX\ . If your graphics are in a different format, you can just open the image in my default ``paint'' program and save the image as a .png file. 

You might also want to include a table. Your \LaTeX\ editor might include a wizard for creating tables easily. Dr.\ Gill actually likes to use an online table editor from the Tables Generator website: \url{http://www.tablesgenerator.com/}. Be sure to put your table in the tabular environment and include a caption. See an example in \cref{sampletable} This will ensure that your table is included in your list of tables (which is required!). 

\begin{table}[htbp]
	\begin{singlespace} % For some reason, all tables default to double space
	\center % remove if you don't want centering
	\thisfloatpagestyle{plain}
\caption{A Table of Made-Up Undergraduate Score Statistics}
\label{sampletable}
\begin{tabular}{lllllll} \toprule
Subject & Mean  & SD    & Median & Min & Max & N  \\ \midrule
Reading & 60.80 & 17.63 & 61     & 27  & 92  & 25 \\
Writing & 60.00 & 19.02 & 60     & 25  & 99  & 25 \\
Verbal  & 60.00 & 14.31 & 62     & 40  & 91  & 25 \\
History & 55.20 & 19.56 & 51     & 26  & 95  & 25 \\
Math    & 54.40 & 19.29 & 50     & 23  & 92  & 25 \\
Science & 50.80 & 17.96 & 25     & 20  & 82  & 25 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{singlespace}
\end{table}

For a landscape table:

\begin{sidewaystable}
	\begin{singlespace}
		\centering
		\thisfloatpagestyle{floatpage}
\label{sampletable2}
\caption{Sideways table with correct page number placement}
\begin{tabular}{lllllll} \toprule
	Subject & Mean  & SD    & Median & Min & Max & N  \\ \midrule
	Reading & 60.80 & 17.63 & 61     & 27  & 92  & 25 \\
	Writing & 60.00 & 19.02 & 60     & 25  & 99  & 25 \\
	Verbal  & 60.00 & 14.31 & 62     & 40  & 91  & 25 \\
	History & 55.20 & 19.56 & 51     & 26  & 95  & 25 \\
	Math    & 54.40 & 19.29 & 50     & 23  & 92  & 25 \\
	Science & 50.80 & 17.96 & 25     & 20  & 82  & 25 \\
	\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
	\end{singlespace}
\end{sidewaystable}


Remember, long tables (using the \textsf{longtable} package, perhaps) need to be placed in the appendices. 

\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{center}
	\vspace*{\fill}
	Copyright 2017 by Your Legal Name\\
	All Rights Reserved	
	\vspace*{\fill}
\end{center}

% From the 9/1/2015 UNLV Graduate College: General Guidelines for Theses and Dissertations:
% * The thesis or dissertation author automatically owns copyright to the document since it represents the author's original documented work.
% * If applicable, the copyright page is inserted after the title page in the document. Remember, this page is optional unless you register with the United States Copyright Office. Then you must have the copyright page. ...
% * If submitting in December, date for January of the following year.
% * Students have the opportunity to register a copyright on their thesis or dissertation with the U.S. Copyright Office through ProQuest. This is strictly optional, and there is a fee associated with the service. This fee is paid directly on the ProQuest site at the time of electronic submission.
% * More Information on Copyright is available at the U.S. Copyright Office’s website: http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright.
% * Answers to frequently asked copyright questions can be found at http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/.

\chapter*{Dedication}

To Mom.

\thispagestyle{empty}%This page has no page number.

\begin{center}
 THE TITLE OF YOUR THESIS OR DISSERTATION\\*[36pt]
	 % The title can be no more than 80 characters -- UNLV rule. If it spans more than one line, it is double spaced and wrapped in an inverted triangle shape. Use \\ for a manual line break if necessary.
	 %  The command \\*[Xpt] means carriage return with a Xpt gap.  These numbers can be adjusted to improve the look.
	 % Do not use hyphens to divide words at the end of lines.
	 % The title must be in all capital letters.

\normalsize By\\*[36pt]

 Your Legal Name\\*[32pt] 
	 % This is your legal name as recorded in MyUNLV

 Bachelor of Arts -- Political Science\\*[-12pt] 
 University of Alberta, Canada\\*[-12pt]
 1986\\*[36pt]
	% This is a degree you already have
 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment\\*[-12pt]
 of the requirements for the\\*[32pt]

 Doctor of Philosophy -- Political Science\\*[36pt]
 
 Department of Political Science\\*[-12pt]
 College of Liberal Arts \\*[-12pt]
 The Graduate College\\*[32pt]

 University of Nevada, Las Vegas\\*[-12pt]
 May 2017
\end{center}

\long\def\ignore#1{}

%   Author:  Arthur Baragar, [email protected]
%   April, 2002.
% This is my attempt to create a UNLV thesis style.  Please note 
% that I don't make the rules.  This file might need some tweaking.
% I've tried to describe what does what.
%
% This should be used with 
%   \documentclass[oneside,12point]{book}
%   \usepackage{amsthm,amssymb,amsmath,setspace,UNLVthesis}
%   \pagestyle{unlv}
% For the abstract, use
%   \chapter*{Abstract}\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{ABSTRACT}
% and proceed with the contents of the abstract. 
% For the bibliography, use
%    \begin{thebibliography}{10}
%    \addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\bibname}
%    \begin{spacing}{1} %This makes it single spaced.
%and at the end, insert
%    \end{spacing}
%    \end{thebibliography}
% The {10} can be changed -- replace it with the longest marker in the bibliography.

%This renames the title for the table of contents, etc.
\renewcommand\contentsname{TABLE OF CONTENTS}%Different title for the table of contents. 
\renewcommand\listfigurename{LIST OF FIGURES}
\renewcommand\listtablename{LIST OF TABLES}
\renewcommand\bibname{BIBLIOGRAPHY}

%This defines the look of the first page of a chapter.
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{40\p@}%Space above.
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \LARGE\bf
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
      \if@mainmatter
        \centering \@chapapp\space \thechapter%Center "Chapter 1".
        \par\nobreak
        \vskip 18\p@%Space between Chapter 1 and name of chapter.
      \fi
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \centering  #1\par\nobreak %Center the chapter title.
    \vskip 0\p@
  }}
\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
                    \thispagestyle{unlvplain}%
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                    \@afterindenttrue %This means the first paragraph is indented (after chapter or section heads).
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}

%This defines the look of the first page of an unnumbered chapter (like the table of contents).
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{40\p@}%This is space above
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \LARGE
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \centering  #1\par\nobreak 
        %This is where chapter* headings are centered.
    \vskip 18\p@%Space below.
  }}
  
%This defines the style of section headings.
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{0pt}%An irrelevant option (because of \centering below.
                                   {\baselineskip}%the beforeskip
                                   {1pt}%the afterskip
                                   {\centering\Large\bf}}%This is where the section headings are centered.
\renewcommand \thesection {} %This means there are no section numbers.
%This defines the look of section entries in the table of contents.
\renewcommand\@dotsep{1.5}
\renewcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{0em}}  
%Second argument defines spacing before section titles.  Third is the gap for numbers (there aren't any).
 
%This defines the look of chapter entries in the table of contents.
\renewcommand*\l@chapter[2]{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \vskip 1em  \@plus\p@
    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \def\numberline##1{##1}
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip  \@pnumwidth 
      \parfillskip  -\@pnumwidth 
      \leavevmode 
      \advance \leftskip \@tempdima 
      \hskip -\leftskip
      %\vskip -1\baselineskip 
      %\@dottedtocline{0}{0em}{1.5em}{CHAPTER #1}{#2}\par
      \hskip -\leftskip Chapter #1\nobreak\ \dotfill\  \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par  
        %This is where chapter heads in toc is defined.
      \penalty\@highpenalty 
    \endgroup
  \fi}
%\renewcommand*\l@chapter{\@dottedtocline{0}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand*\l@schapter[2]{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \vskip 1em \@plus\p@
    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode 
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
      %\vskip -1\baselineskip\@dottedtocline{0}{0em}{2.3em}{#1}{#2}\par
      \hskip -\leftskip #1\nobreak\ \dotfill\  \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par  
        %This is where chapter heads in toc is defined.
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
  \fi}
  
% These commands make the table of contents single spaced.  
\AtBeginDocument{
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\begin{spacing}{1}}% These commands make the table of contents
\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\begin{spacing}{1}}% single spaced.  These commands are closed
\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\begin{spacing}{1}}}% in \AtEndDocument

\AtEndDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\end{spacing}}
\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\end{spacing}}
\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\end{spacing}}
\hbox{}\thispagestyle{empty}} % I had to insert an empty page so that
% these commands were sent to the toc files.  I haven't yet figured out
% how to avoid it.  


%This kills the header -- leaving only the page numbers in normal size.  It is invoked using \pagestyle{unlv} in the preamble.
\newcommand{\ps@unlv}{
  \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{\hfill \normalsize}
  \renewcommand{\@evenhead}{\normalsize}
   \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfil \normalsize \thepage \hfil} 
 }
\newcommand{\ps@unlvplain}{
  \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{}
  \renewcommand{\@evenhead}{}
  \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfil \normalsize \thepage \hfil}                       
 }

%This makes it double spaced.
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2.0}

%These define the page layout -- fairly self explanatory.    
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in}
\setlength{\textheight}{8.75in}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-.25in}
\setlength{\headsep}{\baselineskip}

%These commands govern figure spacing
\setlength{\intextsep}{3\baselineskip}%The spacing for figures between text.
\setlength{\textfloatsep}{3\baselineskip}%The spacing separating a figure from text at the top or bottom of a page.
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{-\baselineskip}%Adjustment to get the above to work properly.

%These commands adjust footnote parameters.
\setlength{\footnotesep}{1\baselineskip}% Footnotes have singlespaces between them.
\addtolength{\skip\footins}{-\baselineskip}
\renewcommand{\footnoterule}{\vspace*{\baselineskip}\noindent\rule{2in}{.5pt}\vspace*{-.1\baselineskip}}
%This was stolen from the setspace.sty package by Geoffrey Tobin.  
%It makes the footnotes single spaced and normalsize.
\long\def\@footnotetext#1{%
  \insert\footins{%
% GT:  Next line added.  Hook desired here!
    \def\baselinestretch {1}%\setspace@singlespace}%Makes a single space between each footnote.
    \reset@font\footnotesize %UNLV has removed guidelines regarding footnote size.
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth
    \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
      \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark
    }%
    \color@begingroup
      \@makefntext{%
        \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%Adjusts the box so that the space between the line and the first footnote aligns.
    \color@endgroup}}



% The rest of this is garbage.  I have left it here to remind me 
% of how some things can be achieved.
%\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{\baselineskip}
\ignore{Put this in later.
%This changes the caption environment for figures, tables, etc.
\newsavebox{\test@cap@box}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox{\test@cap@box}{#2}%
  \ifdim\wd\test@cap@box=0pt
    \sbox\@tempboxa{{#1} #2}% This is what is set with \caption{}
  \else
    \sbox\@tempboxa{{#1.}  #2}%
  \fi
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    \begin{center}\parbox[t]{4.1in}{{#1.} #2}\end{center}%\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
}



%Some experiments ....
%\newsavebox{\test@sec@box}
%\renewcommand{\section}[2][]{%
%    \sbox{\test@sec@box}{#1}
%    \ifdim\wd\test@sec@box=0pt \def\@mytocsecname{#2} \else \def\@mytocsecname{#1} \fi%
%    \@mysection[\@mytocsecname]{#2}\vskip -.5\baselineskip}
%This redefines the section number to be empty.
%This is how I got around the obove problem.  This definition includes how the 
%toc entry looks.  There are no section numbers, so nothing should depend on the
%section number.
%\renewcommand{\section}{\secdef\@section\@section}
%\newcommand{\@section}[2][?]{%
%    \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\hskip 10pt #1}%
%    {\vskip .5\baselineskip \centerline{#2}\vskip -\baselineskip}}

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
% This package was originally developed by Professor Arthur   %
% Baragar. It was updated in 2016 by Professor Rebecca Gill.  %
% For more information on this revised template, contact Dr.  %
% Gill at [email protected]. See below for revisions.     %
% The content in the sample chapters was contributed by both  %
% Baragar and Dr. Gill. Additional content explaining the     %
% current (as of June 2016) UNLV Graduate College formatting  %
% requirements is taken directly from the September 17, 2015  %
% "Organization of the Thesis and Dissertation Compiled       %
% Manuals."  This template has been revised by Kenneth Retzl  %
% and Kate Eugenis as they wrote their dissertations.         %
% Particular thanks is due to Kenneth Retzl for fixing the    %
% page numbers on landscape pages to be in line with UNLV     %
% Grad College Standards.                                     % 
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%                R E V I S I O N   H I S T O R Y                %
%                                                               %
% 12/8/2017: Updates to footnote style, headers for sections    %
%             prior to Chapter 1, changes in the look of        %
%             sections and sub sections. Modified the location  %
%             of page numbers so as to not overlap the foot-    %
%             notes.  Finally, adding packages to put page      %
%             numbers on landscape pages on the correct edge.   %
%             Updates to sample chapters to show the table      %
%             and figure code in action. Other slight           %
%             modifications to improve looks and                %
%             functionality - too many to name here.            %
% 6/29/2016: Updates to language in the sample chapters.        %
%	     Extended discussion of how to organize the             %
%	     bibliography using natbib. Replaced original CV        %
%            page with a CV template using the article class.   %
% 6/21/2016: Overhaul of the original Baragar template to       %
%            meet UNLV Graduate College requirements as per     %
%            the September 17, 2015 "Organization of the        %
%            Thesis and Dissertation Compiled Manuals" here     %
%            www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/    %
%            GradCollege-ThesisDissertation-Manual.pdf          %
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

\documentclass[oneside,12pt]{book}
% The option oneside is required for UNLV theses.
% Font can be 11 or 12 point only
\usepackage{amsthm,amssymb,amsmath,latexsym,graphicx} 
% Optional packages.
\usepackage{setspace,UNLVthesis} 
% Required packages.  
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
% This loads the natbib package, which is a powerful bibliography formatting system.
\bibpunct[, ]{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}
% This command sets the formatting of the citations. Adjust as needed for your style.
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
% The URL package is used to format the URLs in the document. This way, you don't have to "escape" the characters that appear in the URL. You'll just type \url{www.myurl.com}. The second command makes sure that they appear in the same font as the rest of the document.
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{booktabs, caption}	
% This package formats the tables correctly.
\usepackage{rotating}
%\usepackage{float}
\pagestyle{unlv} 
% This is defined in UNLVthesis.sty. 
\setlength{\footskip}{40pt}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tablefootnote}
% Allows me to add footnotes to tables.
\usepackage{threeparttable}
\usepackage[english]{babel} 
% This is for the dummy text in the chapters. You won't need this.
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{amssymb}
% This is also for demonstration purposes only. You should remove all commands related to this package when you insert your own text. They all begin with \blind or \Blind.
\usepackage{rotating, floatpag, fancyhdr}
\usepackage[capitalise, noabbrev]{cleveref}
% This package lets you use the \cref command to make cross references. Don't load packages after this one; this one needs to go in last.

\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}  
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
% These define the format and numbering of theorem like environments. Corollaries and Lemmas are numbered as theorems. These may be commented out when theorems are not used.


\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem*{introduction}{Introduction}
\newtheorem*{conclusion}{Conclusion}
% This environment is not in italics, like theorems are.These define the format and numbering of definition like environments. The * means it is unnumbered. Again, these can be commented out when theorems are not used

% Put definitions here.  
	
	% This creates the page style for a landscape page
	\fancypagestyle{floatpage}{
		\fancyhf{}
		\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
		\fancyfoot[C]{\makebox[\textwidth][r]{
				\smash{\raisebox{\dimexpr\footskip+.5\textheight}{\rotatebox{90}{\thepage}}}}}
	}
	
	% This creates a page style for a portrait page
	\fancypagestyle{plain}{
		\fancyhf{}
		\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
		\fancyfoot[C]{\thepage}
	}
	
\begin{document}

\pagenumbering{roman}
	% Items before Chapter 1 have roman numbers (if any).
\include{SampleTitlepage} 
	% Replace this file name with the name of your title page.
\include{SampleCopyright} 
	% A copyright statement is optional, but recommended. Rename.
    % The copyright page has no page number -- the title page is always page i and the
   % Thesis Approval page is always page ii. The Graduate College inserts this for you.
\newpage \setcounter{page}{3}

\include{SampleAbstract} 
	% This is where the abstract goes. Rename. 
\include{SampleAcknowledgements}  
	% This is optional. Rename.
\include{SampleDedication} 
	% This is also optional. Rename.
	% You could add a preface here if you want. See the formatting guide.

%%% TESTING TOCLOFT
%\cleardoublepage
%\tableofcontents
%\cleardoublepage
%\addtocontents{lof}{\lofheading}% add heading to the first page in LoF
%\listoffigures
%\cleardoublepage
%\addtocontents{lot}{\lotheading}% add heading to the first page in LoT
%\listoftables
%\cleardoublepage
%
%\mainmatter
%\addtocontents{toc}{\tocheading}% add heading to the first page in ToC, after frontmatter entries
%
%\mainmatterchaptoc% activation of chapter entries formatting in the mainmatter
%%%

\renewcommand\contentsname{Table of Contents} 
	% This adjusts the way the Table of Contents label looks.
\tableofcontents 
	% This inserts table of contents. Use headings and subheadings consistently in your chapters and they will appear properly here. See the note in SampleChapter1 about how to use the square brackets as a hack to get the colon to appear between the chapter number and the chapter title. 
\listoftables \addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\listtablename}
	% Comment out if there are no tables. If you use an appendix, be sure to label these with the appropriate table notations. Tables in the appendices need to appear in this list.
\listoffigures \addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\listfigurename}
	% Comment out if there are no figures. If you use an appendix, be sure to label these with the appropriate figure notations. Figures in the appendices need to appear in this list.



\newpage 
	% This sets the page numbers properly.
	
\pagenumbering{arabic} 
	% Chapter 1 begins on page 1.

\include{SampleChapter1} 
	% Replace these with your chapters. Rename these as necessary.
\include{SampleChapter2}

\include{SampleChapter3}

\include{SampleAppendix} 
	% Optional. Duplicate if you need more than one appendix. Note the labeling requirements; if you have more than one appendix, they need to be labeled Appendix A: Title, Appendix B: Title, etc.
\include{SampleBibliography} 
	% There are some special commands in this file.
\includepdf[pagecommand={\thispagestyle{plain}}]{cv.pdf}
	% You will need to open the cv.tex file and edit the contents. Next, compile the document. That creates the pdf file that is referenced in the command above. Then, your cv will appear with page numbers in the correct spot in your document.

\end{document}

% A variant of BibTeX standard bibliography style `apsr' (one of the harvard family)
	% version 0.99a for BibTeX versions 0.99a or later, LaTeX version 2.09.
	% Copyright (C) 1991, all rights reserved.
	% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
	% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
	% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
	% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, abbrv.bst, agsm.bst,
        % dcu.bst or kluwer.bst, jmr.bst, apsr.bst.
	% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.
	% The file harvard.tex has the documentation for this style.

% ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
%   This document is a modified version of alpha.bst to which it owes much of
%   its functionality.

% AUTHOR
%   Peter Williams, Key Centre for Design Quality, Sydney University
%   e-mail: [email protected]

% Additional changes by Bernd Beber, Columbia University, [email protected] (August 2008)
% Includes fixes for some minor formatting inconsistencies between current requirements for
% the American Political Science Review and the style file apsr.bst distributed with the harvard LaTeX package:
% * A comma is now placed before the word "and" when it separates author names in the bibliography;
% * A comma is placed before the word "and" when it separates author names for in-text citations with more than two authors;
% * A space is added between journal volume and issue, and colon and page numbers;
% * For BibTeX item incollection, the chapter title is now quoted.

%Additional changes by Michael P. Fix ([email protected]) and Susanne Schorpp ([email protected]), University of South Carolina (November 2009)
% Includes fixes for minor formatting inconsistencies between the style file apsr.bst and the most recent revision of the APSA Style Manual for Political Science:
%*Month is now placed in article citations in place of issue number, unless month is empty in which case issue number used
%* The space between volume and month has been removed for article citations
%* The ampersand symbol has been replaced with the word "and" to separate lists of two or more authors
 

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    URL
    volume
    year
  }
  { field.used etal.allowed etal.required} %%%XXX change
  { extra.label sort.label list.year }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t f }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { " " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
	{ add.period$ write$
	  newline$
	  "\newblock " write$
	}
	{ output.state before.all =
	    'write$
	    { add.period$ " " * write$ }
	  if$
	}
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {item.check}
{ 't :=
  empty$
    { "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {embolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {quote}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "``" swap$ * "''" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.rem.names}
{ 's :=
  'f :=
  #2 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr f format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
	{ namesleft #1 >
	    { ", " * t * }
	    { t "others" =
		{ " et~al." * }
		{ numnames #2 >
			{ ", and " * t * }
			{ ", and " * t * }
			if$
		}
	      if$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author #1 "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$
      "{ff }{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" author format.rem.names
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$
      "{ff }{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" editor format.rem.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
	{ ", eds" * }
	{ ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors.reverse}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { ", ed. "
      editor #1 "{ff }{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ *
      "{ff }{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" editor format.rem.names
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title add.period$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
	{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
	    { "--" *
	      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	    }
	    {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
		{ "-" *
		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
		}
	      while$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	}
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
	'skip$
	{ " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
	{ series field.or.null }
	{ output.state mid.sentence =
	    { "number" }
	    { "Number" }
	  if$
	  number tie.or.space.connect
	  series empty$
	    { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
	    { " {\em in} " * series quote * }
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
	{ edition "l" change.case$ " ed." * }
	{ edition "t" change.case$ " ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
	{ #1 'multiresult := }
	{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
	{ "pp.~" pages n.dashify * }
	{ "p.~" pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.address}
{ address empty$
    { "" }
    { address ": " *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.num}
{ number empty$
  'skip$
  { "(" number * ")" * *
  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.mon.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  month empty$
  'format.num 
  { "(" month *  ")" * *
      volume empty$
	{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
	'skip$
	if$
	}
  if$
  pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
	{ pop$ format.pages }
	{ ": " * pages n.dashify * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
	{ "chapter" }
	{ type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
	'skip$
	{ ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
	{ " In " booktitle emphasize * }
	{ " In " booktitle emphasize * format.editors.reverse * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$
  and and and and and
  key empty$ not and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
    { journal empty$
	{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
	  warning$
	  ""
	}
	{ "in {\em " journal * "\/} \cite{" * crossref * "}" *}
      if$
    }
    { "{\em in} \citeasnoun{" crossref * "}" * }
  if$
 
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "in "
    }
    { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ series empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      "" *
	    }
	    { "{\em " * series * "\/} \cite{" * crossref * "}" *}
	  if$
	}
	{ " \citeasnoun{" * crossref * "}" * }
      if$
    }
    { " \citeasnoun{" * crossref * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ booktitle empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { "in {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *}
	  if$
	}
	{ "{\em in} \citeasnoun{" crossref * "}" * }
      if$
    }
    { "{\em in} \citeasnoun{" crossref * "}" * }
  if$
  
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

INTEGERS { ind tsslen }

STRINGS { tss ret rss istr }

FUNCTION {replace.substring}{
  'rss :=
  'tss :=
  'istr :=
  "" 'ret :=
  tss text.length$ 'tsslen :=
  #1 'ind :=
    { istr ind tsslen substring$ "" = not }
    { istr ind tsslen substring$ tss =
        { ret rss * 'ret :=
          ind tsslen + 'ind :=
        }
        { ret istr ind #1 substring$ * 'ret :=
          ind #1 + 'ind :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
  ret
}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.full}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
	{ namesleft #1 >
	    { ", " * t * }
	    { t "others" =
		{ " et~al." * }
		{ numnames #2 >
			{ ", and " * t * }
			{ " and " * t * }
			if$
		}
	      if$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.abbr}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #1 >
    { numnames #3 >
	{ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * }
	{ s format.lab.names.full }
      if$
    }
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { author.field editor.field organization.field title.field key.field }

FUNCTION {init.field.constants}
{ #0 'author.field :=
  #1 'editor.field :=
  #2 'organization.field :=
  #3 'title.field :=
  #4 'key.field :=
}

FUNCTION {make.list.label}
{ author.field field.used =
    { format.authors }
    { editor.field field.used =
        { format.editors }
        { organization.field field.used =
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
            { title.field field.used =
                { format.btitle }
                { key.field field.used =
                    { key #3 text.prefix$ }
                    { "Internal error :001 on " cite$ * " label" * warning$ }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.label}
{ author.field field.used =
    { author format.lab.names.full }
    { editor.field field.used =
        { editor format.lab.names.full }
        { organization.field field.used =
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
            { title.field field.used =
                { format.btitle }
                { key.field field.used =
                    { key #3 text.prefix$ }
                    { "Internal error :001 on " cite$ * " label" * warning$ }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.abbr.label} %%%XXX change
{
  etal.allowed
    { author.field field.used =
        { author format.lab.names.abbr }
        { editor.field field.used =
            { editor format.lab.names.abbr }
            { organization.field field.used =
                { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
                { title.field field.used =
                    { format.btitle }
                    { key.field field.used =
                        { key #3 text.prefix$ }
                        {"Internal error :001 on " cite$ * " label" * warning$ }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { make.full.label }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  etal.allowed        %%%XXX change
  etal.required
  and
    {
      "\harvarditem[" write$
      make.abbr.label write$
      "]{" write$
    }
    {
      "\harvarditem{" write$
    }
  if$
  make.full.label write$
  "}{" write$
  list.year write$
  "}{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {list.label.output}
{ make.list.label add.period$ " " * write$
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author "author" item.check
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title quote "title" output.check }
  if$
  crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" duplicate$ item.check
      year empty$
        { ". Forthcoming" * output new.block }
        { " " * format.vol.mon.num.pages * output }
      if$
     }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author empty$
    { editor "author and editor" item.check }
    { crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.btitle "title" output.check }
  if$
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.edition output
      format.address output
      publisher "publisher" output.check
    }
    { format.book.crossref output.nonnull
      format.edition output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title quote "title" output.check }
  if$
  format.address output
  howpublished output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author empty$
    { editor "author and editor" item.check }
    { crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.btitle "title" output.check }
  if$
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.edition output
      format.address output
      publisher "publisher" output.check
    }
    { format.book.crossref output.nonnull
      format.edition output
    }
  if$
  format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
  new.block
  fin.entry
  }

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title quote "title" output.check }
  if$
  author "author" item.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      new.block
      format.edition output
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.address output
      publisher "publisher" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.chapter.pages output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title "title" output.check }
  if$
  author "author" item.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      new.block
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      address empty$
	{ organization output
	  publisher output
	}
	{ organization output
          format.address output.nonnull
	  publisher output
 	}
      if$
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.pages output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.btitle "title" output.check }
  if$
  new.block
  format.edition output
  new.block
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ format.address output }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { format.address output
      organization output  
    }
  if$
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author "author" item.check
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title "title" output.check }
  if$
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  format.address output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title quote output }
  if$
  howpublished output
  new.block
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author "author" item.check
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { title "title" output.check }
  if$
  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  format.address output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.btitle "title" output.check }
  if$
  new.block
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ skip$ }
	{ organization output
	}
      if$
      publisher output
    }
    { editor empty$
	'skip$
	{ organization output }
      if$
      format.address output.nonnull
      publisher output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author "author" item.check
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title "title" output.check }
  if$
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  format.address output
  new.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  list.label.output
  list.year output.nonnull
  new.block
  author "author" item.check
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { format.title quote "title" output.check }
  if$
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

EXECUTE {init.field.constants}

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

FUNCTION {sortify.names}
{ " \harvardand\ " " " replace.substring
  " et~al." " zzz" replace.substring
  sortify
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ title.field 'field.used := }
	{ key.field 'field.used := }
      if$
    }
    { author.field 'field.used := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { title.field 'field.used := }
	    { key.field 'field.used := }
	  if$
  	}
	{ editor.field 'field.used := }
      if$
    }
    { author.field 'field.used := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$
	    { title.field 'field.used := }
	    { organization.field 'field.used := }
	  if$
	}
	{ key.field 'field.used := }
      if$
    }
    { author.field 'field.used := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$
	    { title.field 'field.used := }
	    { organization.field 'field.used := }
	  if$
	}
	{ key.field 'field.used := }
      if$
    }
    { editor.field 'field.used := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label} %%%XXX change
{ make.abbr.label
  title.field field.used =
    { sort.format.title }
    { sortify.names }
  if$
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ sortify
  *
  'sort.label :=
}

FUNCTION {preliminaries} %%%XXX change
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.key.organization.label
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.key.organization.label
	    'author.key.label
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
  author.field field.used = %%%XXX change
    {
      author num.names$ #2 >
        { #1 }
        { #0 }
      if$
      'etal.required :=
    }
    {
      editor.field field.used = 
        {
          editor num.names$ #2 >
            { #1 }
            { #0 }
          if$
        }
        { #0 }
      if$
      'etal.required :=
    }
  if$
  #1 'etal.allowed :=
}

FUNCTION {first.presort}
{ calc.label
  sort.label
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { "    "
      *
      make.list.label sortify.names
      *
      "    "
      *
      title field.or.null
      sort.format.title
      *
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {preliminaries}

ITERATE {first.presort}

SORT

STRINGS { last.sort.label next.extra last.full.label}

INTEGERS { last.extra.num last.etal.allowed}

FUNCTION {initialize.confusion}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.full.label :=
  #1 'last.etal.allowed :=
}

FUNCTION {confusion.pass}
{ last.sort.label sort.label =
    { last.etal.allowed 
        { last.full.label make.full.label sortify.names =
            { skip$ }
            { #0 'etal.allowed :=
              #0 'last.etal.allowed :=
            }
          if$
        }
        { #0 'etal.allowed := }
      if$
    }
    { sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
      make.full.label sortify.names 'last.full.label :=
      #1 'last.etal.allowed :=
    }
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.confusion}

ITERATE {confusion.pass}

EXECUTE {initialize.confusion}

REVERSE {confusion.pass}

FUNCTION {initialize.last.extra.num}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.sort.label sort.label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  year empty$
    { "N.d." extra.label emphasize * 'list.year := }
    { year extra.label emphasize * 'list.year := }
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

ITERATE {first.presort}

SORT

EXECUTE {initialize.last.extra.num}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {second.presort}
{ make.list.label
  title.field field.used =
    { sort.format.title }
    { sortify.names }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  list.year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title.field field.used =
    { skip$ }
    { title field.or.null
      sort.format.title
      *
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {second.presort}

SORT

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { "\harvardpreambledefs{%" write$ newline$
      preamble$ write$ "}" write$ newline$
      "\harvardpreambletext{%" write$ newline$
      preamble$ write$ "}" write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{xx}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PREAMBLE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Change the font size of your document - 10pt, 12.1pt, etc.
\documentclass[letterpaper,11pt,oneside]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{ {images/}} %upload your signature to this file
%Change the margins to fit your CV/resume content
\usepackage[left=1in, right=1in, bottom=1.25in, top=1in]{geometry}

%Skype information - include your Skype name for a link to add you on Skype
\newcommand*{\Skype}{\href{skype:john.smith?add}{john.smith}} 
\newcommand{\Absender}[1][\normalsize]{\Skype} 

%Changes the page numbers - {arabic}=arabic numerals, {gobble}=no page numbers, {roman}=Roman numerals
\pagenumbering{gobble}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END OF PREAMBLE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% NAME OF APPLICANT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
	\normalsize VITA
\end{center}
\noindent  \LARGE{\textbf{John Smith}}  \\
\vspace{-2ex}
\normalsize

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CONTACT INFORMATION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Your email address, website, and Skype name are links to send email, open your website and add you on Skype. 

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l l}
 Name of University    & \hspace{1in} \href{mailto:[email protected]}{[email protected]} \\
 Department/Institution    & \hspace{1in}  \href{www.johnsmith.com}{www.johnsmith.com}   \\
 Address             & \hspace{1in} Skype: \Absender  \\
 City Name, State 12345-6789 & \hspace{1in} Phone: +1 (123) 456-7899 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vspace{1em}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% MAIN BODY %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% The main body is contained in a tabular environment. To move sections onto the next page, simply end the tabular environment and begin a new tabular environment.

\noindent \begin{tabular}{@{} l l}
 \Large{Education}    & \textbf{Most Recent University} \\
     & Ph.D., Economics, 2015. \\
     & Fields: International Trade, Monetary Economics, Development \\
     & M.A., Political Science, 2013. \\
     & \\
     & \textbf{University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana} \\
     & B.A., Economics, 2005. \\
     & \\
 \Large{Dissertation}    & ``Title of Dissertation" \\
    & \parbox{5.0in}{Short description/summary of research and estimation techniques. This can be several lines long because of the paragraph box.}\\
    & \\
 \Large{Research}    & \textbf{Department, University} \\
     & Postdoctoral Research Associate \\
     & Project: Title of Research \\
     & \\
  \Large{Teaching}   & \textbf{Department, University} \\
     & Instructor, Fundamentals of the Global Economy, 2016 \\
     & \\
     &\textbf{Department, University} \\
     & Job Title, Course Name, 2014-2015 \\
     & Job Title, Course Name, 2012-2014 \\
     & \\
     & \textbf{Department, University} \\
     & Job Title, Course Name, 2013 \\
     & Job Title, Course Name, 2013 \\
     & \\
 \Large{Awards and }    & \textbf{Graduate Student Teacher of the Year, Department} \\
  \Large{Fellowships}   & Course Name, 2014-2015 \\
     & \\
     & \textbf{Fulbright Scholarship} \\
     & City, Country, 2006-2009 \\
     & \\
  \Large{Languages}   & English (native), German (advanced) \\
\Large{and Skills}    & Stata, \LaTeX, Eviews, Mathematica  \\
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

% Insert your bibtex entries here. Reference them in the text of your chapters. You'll make a call to this file in your SampleBibliography.tex file. This is the list of references that the SampleBibliography.tex file will draw from in order to populate your bibliography. Only those references you cite in the text of your document will appear in the bibliography. If you put citations in this file that you don't reference elsewhere, they will not show up in the text of your document. 

@book{goossens1994latex,
	title={The LATEX companion},
	author={Goossens, Michel and Mittelbach, Frank and Samarin, Alexander and Souidi, El Mamoun},
	volume={2},
	year={1994},
	publisher={Addison-Wesley Reading, Massachusetts}
}

@book{lamport1986document,
	title={Document Preparation System},
	author={Lamport, Leslie and LaTEX, A},
	year={1986},
	publisher={Addison-Wesley Reading Mass}
}

@book{kopka2004guide,
	title={Guide to LATEX},
	author={Kopka, Helmut and Daly, Patrick W and Rahtz, SPQ},
	volume={4},
	year={2004},
	publisher={Addison-Wesley Boston, MA}
}

@book{oetiker2015notsoshort,
	title = {A (Not So) Short Introduction to LaTeX2e},
	author = {Oetiker, Tobias},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {CTAN}
}

%%% ======================================================================
%%%  @LaTeX-style-file{
%%%     filename        = "setspace.sty",
%%%     version         = "6.7",
%%%     date            = "Fri 1 December 2000",
%%%     time            = "17:49 UT+11",
%%%     author          = "Geoffrey Tobin",
%%%     address         = "Department of Electronic Engineering
%%%                        Faculty of Science and Technology
%%%                        La Trobe University
%%%                        Bundoora VIC 3086
%%%                        Australia",
%%%     email           = "[email protected] (Internet)",
%%%     telephone       = "(+ 613) 9479-3736",
%%%     FAX             = "(+ 613) 9479-3025",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     archived        = "CTAN",
%%%     distribution    = "freely redistributable",
%%%     keywords        = "LaTeX package, line spacing",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     checksum        = "11793 546 2608 21972",
%%%     docstring       = "setspace.sty is a LaTeX (2e) package.
%%%                        Comments and bug reports welcome!
%%%                        
%%%                        This includes GDG's modification to Erica Harris'
%%%                        setspace.sty.  The main aspects of this
%%%                        modification deal with the definitions of
%%%                        \singlespacing \onehalfspacing, and
%%%                        \doublespacing, (these are near the beginning of
%%%                        the file).  Primarily, these deal with adding
%%%                        fontsize changes to guarantee that the new
%%%                        baseline is properly defined and placed into
%%%                        action.  The extra \vskip in the definition of
%%%                        \singlespacing seems to  make for a cleaner
%%%                        transition from multiple spacing back to single
%%%                        spacing.  These did not appear warrranted for
%%%                        other size changes.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GDG on November 1, 1992, to allow
%%%                        for use of New Font Selection Scheme.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GDG on June 4, 1993, to correct
%%%                        for spacing tokens in definition of \@setsize
%%%                        Thanks to Kaja P. Christiansen <[email protected]>
%%%                        for the fix!!
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GDG on May 24, 1994, to change toggle
%%%                        definition from \selectfont to \@newbaseline.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GDG on May 25, 1994, to add
%%%                        definition of \everydisplay -- this part of
%%%                        the code was apparently written by Geoffrey
%%%                        Tobin on Thu 23 Jan 1992 and was provided by
%%%                        [email protected] (Richard Stanton). 
%%%                        This should help with some of the awkward math
%%%                        placements in changing spacings.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GT on 23 Jan 1996, to correct
%%%                        \everymath bug, first reported by Mario
%%%                        Wolczko <[email protected]> on 9 June 1992.
%%%                        
%%%                        Modified by GT on 23 Jan 1996, to correct
%%%                        usage of comment characters in macro
%%%                        definitions.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GT on 23 Jan 1996, to update
%%%                        (adjusted) \@xfloat definition for LaTeX2e.
%%%                        Bug report was courtesy of Kay Nettle.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by GT on 24 Jan 1996, to update
%%%                        (adjusted) \@footnotetext definition for
%%%                        LaTeX2e, and to add an adjusted LaTeX2e
%%%                        \@mpfootnotext definition for minipages.
%%%                        Bug report was courtesy Kay Nettle.
%%%
%%%                        Changed by GT on 6 Feb 1996, into a LaTeX2e
%%%                        package.
%%%
%%%            Made more package-like by GT on 14 Feb 1996,
%%%            by adding standard messages.
%%%
%%%            GT replaced \@normalsize by \normalsize on 28
%%%            Sep 1996.  This change was successively
%%%            advised by:
%%%
%%%              Rowland J.~Bartlett
%%%              <[email protected]>
%%%              on Tue 6 Aug 96,
%%%
%%%              Ted Stern
%%%              <[email protected]>
%%%              on Wed 7 Aug 96,
%%%
%%%              Michal Jaegermann
%%%              <[email protected]>
%%%              on Fri 27 Sep 96.
%%%
%%%                        GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  Added call to
%%%                        \setspace@size in \setstretch, as suggested
%%%                        by David Hull <[email protected]>
%%%                        on Wed 24 July 1996.
%%%
%%%                        GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  Pared \setspace@size
%%%                        mercilessly down to \@currsize, following
%%%                        advice given on Fri 27 Sep 1996 by Michal
%%%                        Jaegermann <[email protected]>.
%%%                        Retained this macro for flexibility.
%%%
%%%            Code rearranged by GT, Sat 28 Sep 1996, to give
%%%            greater prominence to \setstretch.
%%%
%%%            Also, GT changed (Sat 28 Sep 1996) many
%%%            occurrences of \def to \newcommand,
%%%            \renewcommand, or \newenvironment,
%%%            as seemed appropriate.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Tue 10 Dec 1996:  Following a suggestion
%%%                        by Ted Stern, the `single' spacing is now
%%%                        settable by the user.  This is for slightly
%%%                        large fonts such as Lucida Bright.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Wed 11 Dec 1996:  For simplicity and
%%%                        maintainability, call \onehalfspacing in
%%%                        the onehalfspace environment, and
%%%                        \doublespacing in the doublespace
%%%                        environment.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Wed 11 Dec 1996:  Also deleted
%%%                        \setspace@size from \setstretch,
%%%                        as \@currsize suffices.
%%%
%%%                        Modified by Brett Presnell (BP)
%%%                        <[email protected]> on 21 Mar 1998
%%%                        to add nodisplayskipstretch option, which
%%%                        turns off the stretching of the space
%%%                        before and after displays, which is often
%%%                        excessive, particularly with doublespaced
%%%                        documents.  Also added the
%%%                        setdisplayskipstretch command, which allows
%%%                        the user to choose by how much to stretch
%%%                        the space before and after displays
%%%                        independently from the setting of
%%%                        baselinestretch.  This works regardless of
%%%                        whether the nodisplayskipstretch option is
%%%                        in effect.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Wed 15 Apr 1998:  Added the singlespace*
%%%                        environment requested by
%%%                        Mark Olesen <[email protected]>
%%%                        on Sat 24 May 1997 and Wed 18 June 1997.
%%%                        This is reported to give improved vertical
%%%                        spacing around itemize and quote environments.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Wed 15 Apr 1998:  David Hull pointed out on
%%%                        Fri 12 Dec 1997 that the \belowdisplayskip line
%%%                        in the \everydisplay was mistyped.  Now fixed.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Thu 26 Nov 1998:  Finally got round to
%%%                        fixing the absence of \begingroup from
%%%                        onehalfspace and doublespace environments.
%%%                        Thanks to:  Bernd Schandl, Ron Smith,
%%%                        Himanshu Gohel, and Kevin Ruland, for bringing
%%%                        it to my long overdue attention.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Tue 27 July 1999:  On Saturday 24 July
%%%                        1999, Alexander L. Wolf <[email protected]>
%%%                        informed me that the \doublespace and
%%%                        \onehalfspace _macros_ are still at fault.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Fri 3 March 2000:  Today Stefano
%%%                        Lacaprara of Italy brought my attention to
%%%                        the need to extend the commands and macros
%%%                        to point sizes other than 10, 11 and 12.
%%%                        Since there's no general formula for the
%%%                        line stretch values in terms of point size,
%%%                        and they vary only slightly between 10, 11
%%%                        and 12 pt, and furthermore the values were
%%%                        presumably optimised specifically for the
%%%                        Computer Modern fonts, i've chosen to use
%%%                        the 10 pt values as the generic defaults.
%%%
%%%                        GT, Fri 1 December 2000:  George Pearson
%%%                        requested package options for the three
%%%                        common spacings.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility."
%%% }
%%% ======================================================================
%% FILE:   setspace.sty in SYS2.TEX.PUB.ISULATEX.STYLES
%% AUTHOR: Erica M. S. Harris
%% DATE:   April 1990
%% MOD:    March 1991
%%%
%%% Update to LaTeX (2e) :  6 Feb 1996.
%%% Description:  LaTeX Document Package "setspace"
%%%
%%% Usage:
%%%                \documentclass[...]{...}
%%%                \usepackage{setspace}
%%%
%%         Based on the doublespace option created by Stephen Page.
%%
%%         This style option provides commands and environments for doing
%%         double and  one-and-a-half spacing based on pt size.
%%
%%         Single spacing is the default.
%%
%%         Three commands, \singlespacing, \onehalfspacing, and
%%         \doublespacing, are for use in the preamble to set the overall
%%         spacing for the document.  If a different spacing is required then
%%         the \setstretch{baselinestretch} command can be used in the
%%         preamble to set the baselinestretch appropriately.  The default
%%         spacing with this style option is single spacing.
%%
%%         Three environments, singlespace, onehalfspace, and doublespace,
%%         allow the spacing to be changed within the document.  Both the
%%         onehalfspace and doublespace environments are intended to increase
%%         the spacing, so the onehalfspace environment should not be used in
%%         a double spaced document.  If an increased spacing different from
%%         one-and-a-half or double spacing is required then the spacing
%%         environment can be used.  The spacing environment takes one
%%         argument which is the larger baselinestretch to use,
%%         e.g., \begin{spacing}{2.5}.
%%
%%         \footins is adjusted the same as \parskip - appears to work. Lose
%%         stretch parts but don't consider that to be crucial
%%
%%         Removed code for altering spacing before and after displayed
%%         equations - just looked too much.
%%
%% MODS:
%%         Redefinition of \spacing and \endspacing for consistency with
%%         TeX 3.x inserted by George Greenwade.  Modification provided by
%%         Philip Ross ([email protected]) and John Byrne via INFO-TeX.
%%
%% PLEASE REPORT ANY BUGS
%%
%%   Old Documentation follows:
%%         1. A new environment "singlespace" is provided, within which single
%%            spacing will apply.
%%            JFL - changed so that it works in regular text and so that
%%            vertical space before and after is correctly computed
%%         2. Double spacing is turned off within footnotes and floats (figures
%%            and tables).
%%         3. Proper double spacing happens below tabular environments and in
%%            other places where LaTeX uses a strut.
%%         4. Slightly more space is inserted before footnotes.
%%         5. JFL - fixes spacing before and after displayed math
%%
%%
%%    mods:   Jean-Francois Lamy
%%            [email protected]
%%            [email protected]
%%
%% POSSIBLE BUGS:
%%    . Increasing struts may possibly cause some other obscure part of
%%      formatting to fall over.
%%    . \begin{singlespace}\begin{quote} produces the wrong spacing before
%%      the quote (extra glue is inserted).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2e}[1994/12/01]
\def \filename {setspace.sty}
\def \filedate {2000/12/01}
\def \fileversion {6.7}
\ProvidesPackage {setspace}[\filedate\space\fileversion\space
  Contributed and Supported LaTeX2e package]
\typeout {Package: `setspace' \fileversion\space <\filedate>}

% BP: add nodisplayskipstretch option and \setdisplayskipstretch command.

\newcommand{\displayskipstretch}{\baselinestretch}
\newcommand{\setdisplayskipstretch}[1]{\renewcommand{\displayskipstretch}{#1}}
\DeclareOption{nodisplayskipstretch}{\setdisplayskipstretch{1.0}}

% GT: add George Pearsons' suggested options.

\DeclareOption{singlespacing}{\AtEndOfPackage{\singlespacing}}
\DeclareOption{onehalfspacing}{\AtEndOfPackage{\onehalfspacing}}
\DeclareOption{doublespacing}{\AtEndOfPackage{\doublespacing}}

\ProcessOptions

% GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  Widely using \newcommand, \renewcommand, and
% \newenvironment, instead of \def.

% ** Line space commands.

\newcommand{\setstretch}[1]{%
  \def\baselinestretch{#1}%
  \@currsize
}

% GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  spacing commands and environments modified to
% use \setstretch instead of \baselinestretch.
%
% GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  No, I don't know understand the line spacing
% algorithms!  If someone (LaTeX team) can enlighten me as to the
% general rule, please do!  It would be very pleasant if setspace.sty
% were suited for document font sizes other than 10, 11 and 12 pt.
%
% GT:  Tue 10 Dec 1996:  Instead of fixing singlespacing to exact unity,
% allow user to redefine it (only slightly, please!) from its initial
% value of unity, in the case when a particular font is slightly larger
% or slightly smaller than its point size would indicate.  This change
% affects setspace's single spacing commands, and LaTeX's footnote and
% float environments.  The one and a half, double, and arbitrary
% spacing commands are unaltered.

\newcommand{\SetSinglespace}[1]{%
  \def\setspace@singlespace{#1}%
}

% Here's the default single line spacing value.
\SetSinglespace{1}

\newcommand{\singlespacing}{%
  \setstretch {\setspace@singlespace}%  normally 1
  \vskip \baselineskip  % Correction for coming into singlespace
}

\newcommand{\onehalfspacing}{%
  \setstretch{1.25}%  default
  \ifcase \@ptsize \relax % 10pt
    \setstretch {1.25}%
  \or % 11pt
    \setstretch {1.213}%
  \or % 12pt
    \setstretch {1.241}%
  \fi
}

\newcommand{\doublespacing}{%
  \setstretch {1.667}%  default
  \ifcase \@ptsize \relax % 10pt
    \setstretch {1.667}%
  \or % 11pt
    \setstretch {1.618}%
  \or % 12pt
    \setstretch {1.655}%
  \fi
}

% ** Modification of the LaTeX command \@setsize.

%---Stretch the baseline BEFORE calculating the strut size. This improves
%   spacing below tabular environments etc., probably...
%   Comments are welcomed.

% GT:  Sun 29 Sep 1996:  Question:  Is this code anywhere near correct
% since this part of LaTeX (in, eg, latex.ltx) has been greatly changed?

% GT:  Sun 29 Sep 1996:  The meanings of the arguments to \@setsize
% appear to be (whatever these may signify) :
% current size; font baselineskip; ignored (!); and font size.

% GT:  Sun 29 Sep 1996:  Note that \@setsize (in latest LaTeX,
% \@setfontsize, which is called by \@setsize) seems to be the only
% place in purely modern LaTeX where \@currsize is set, and ltxguide.cls
% seems to be the only file in the LaTeX base distribution that uses it!

\def\@setsize#1#2#3#4{%
  % Modified 1993.04.07--GDG per KPC
  \@nomath#1%
  \let\@currsize#1%
  \baselineskip #2%
  \baselineskip \baselinestretch\baselineskip
  \parskip \baselinestretch\parskip
  \setbox\strutbox \hbox{%
    \vrule height.7\baselineskip
           depth.3\baselineskip
           width\z@}%
  \skip\footins \baselinestretch\skip\footins
  \normalbaselineskip\baselineskip#3#4}

% ** Float and footnote adjustments to compensate for a change in the
% ** main text's line spacing.

%---Increase the space between last line of text and footnote rule.
%\skip\footins 20pt plus4pt minus4pt

%---Reset baselinestretch within floats and footnotes.

% GT:  Tue 23 Jan 1996:  This is where the conflict with the combination
% of the color package and the figure environment used to occur.

% Floats.

% GT:  Sat 28 Sep 1996:  \@xfloat is the only place where \normalsize
% is still used in setspace.sty !

\let\latex@xfloat=\@xfloat
\def\@xfloat #1[#2]{%
  \latex@xfloat #1[#2]%
  \def\baselinestretch{\setspace@singlespace}%
  \normalsize
}

% GT:  Wed 24 Jan 1996:  This footnote code was copied from LaTeX and
% modified rather naively.  It had to be brought up to date, not only
% because of LaTeX's new color ability, but also because ther had
% been major changes to this code in LaTeX at least as far back as
% March 1992.

% Normal, bottom of the page, footnotes.
%
% GT:  Based HEAVILY on original LaTeX (2e) code.  A standard hook would
% be MUCH preferred, so that LaTeX's footnote implementation needn't be
% copied each time it changes.
%
% GT:  The \protected@edef requires at least the December 1994 LaTeX.
% This is precisely the kind of VERSION DEPENDENCY situation that
% cannot (AFAIK) be avoided, because LaTeX (2e) LACKS appropriate
% standard hooks and/or context markers.

\long\def\@footnotetext#1{%
  \insert\footins{%
% GT:  Next line added.  Hook desired here!
    \def\baselinestretch {\setspace@singlespace}%
    \reset@font\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth
    \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
      \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark
    }%
    \color@begingroup
      \@makefntext{%
        \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
    \color@endgroup}}

% Minipage footnotes.

\long\def\@mpfootnotetext#1{%
  \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox{%
    \unvbox \@mpfootins
%  GT:  Next line added.  Hook desired here!
    \def\baselinestretch {\setspace@singlespace}%
    \reset@font\footnotesize
    \hsize\columnwidth
    \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
      \csname p@mpfootnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}%
    \color@begingroup
      \@makefntext{%
       \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
   \color@endgroup}}

% ** Line space environments.

% A single spaced quote (say) is done by surrounding singlespace with quote.

\newenvironment{singlespace}{%
  \vskip \baselineskip
  \setstretch {\setspace@singlespace}%
  \vskip -\baselineskip
}{%
  \par
}

% GT (c/o Mark Olesen), Wed 15 April 1998.

\newenvironment{singlespace*}{%
  \setstretch {\setspace@singlespace}%
  \vskip -\baselineskip
}{%
  \vskip -0.5\baselineskip
}

%  spacing, doublespace and onehalfspace all are meant to INCREASE the
%  spacing (i.e. calling onehalfspace from within doublespace will not
%  produce a graceful transition between spacings)
%
% Next two definitions fixed for consistency with TeX 3.x

% In order to use \newenvironment, while easily using same code for
% end of each environment, the code that used to be in \endspacing has
% been moved into a new (but internal) macro, \restore@spacing.

\newcommand{\restore@spacing}{%
    \par
    \vskip \parskip
    \vskip \baselineskip
  \endgroup
  \vskip -\parskip
  \vskip -\baselineskip
}

\newenvironment{spacing}[1]{%
  \par
  \begingroup             % moved from \endspacing by PGBR 29-1-91
    \setstretch {#1}%
}{%
  \restore@spacing
}

% one and a half spacing is 1.5 x pt size
\newenvironment{onehalfspace}{%
  \begingroup
    \onehalfspacing
}{%
  \restore@spacing
}

% double spacing is 2 x pt size
\newenvironment{doublespace}{%
  \begingroup
    \doublespacing
}{%
  \restore@spacing
}

% GT:  EMSH chose to omit display math part that follows.
% She wrote (see above) that the "altered spacing before and after displayed
% equations ... just looked too much".
%
% Fix up spacing before and after displayed math
% (arraystretch seems to do a fine job for inside LaTeX displayed math,
% since array and eqnarray seem to be affected as expected).
% Changing \baselinestretch and doing a font change also works if done here,
% but then you have to change @setsize to remove the call to @nomath)
%
% GT:  The \belowdisplayskip line was mistyped; now fixed, courtesy of
% David Hull.
%
% GT:  Brett Parnell has addressed EMSH's concern by replacing
% \baselinestretch by \displayskipstretch in displays, as follows.

\everydisplay\expandafter{%
  \the\everydisplay
  \abovedisplayskip \displayskipstretch\abovedisplayskip
  \belowdisplayskip \displayskipstretch\belowdisplayskip
  \abovedisplayshortskip \displayskipstretch\abovedisplayshortskip
  \belowdisplayshortskip \displayskipstretch\belowdisplayshortskip
}

\endinput

%%% EOF.