Middle East Development Journal (World Scientific)

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               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
%
\InputIfFileExists{psfig.sty}{\typeout{^^Jpsfig.sty inputed...ok}}{\typeout{^^JWarning: psfig.sty could be be found.^^J}}
\InputIfFileExists{epsfsafe.tex}{\typeout{^^Jepsfsafe.tex inputed...ok}}
			{\typeout{^^JWarning: epsfsafe.tex could not be found.^^J}}
\InputIfFileExists{epsfig.sty}{\typeout{^^Jepsfig.sty inputed...ok}}{\typeout{^^JWarning: epsfig.sty could not be found.^^J}}
\InputIfFileExists{epsf.sty}{\typeout{^^Jepsf.sty inputed...ok}}{\typeout{^^JWarning: epsf.sty could not be found.^^J}}%
%
\def\ArtDir{\jobname/}
%
\def\figurebox#1#2#3{%
        \def\arg{#3}%
        \ifx\arg\empty
        {\hfill\vbox{\hsize#2\hrule\hbox to #2{%
                \vrule\hfill\vbox to #1{\hsize#2\vfill}\vrule}\hrule}\hfill}%
        \else
        \hbox to \hsize{\hfill\epsfbox{\ArtDir#3.eps}\hfill}
        \fi}
%
\def\PSFIG#1#2#3{\par
  {\hbox to \hsize{%
	\hfill{\psfig{file=\ArtDir#1.eps,width=#2,angle=#3}}\hfill}\par}}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tables %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newcounter{table}
\def\tablename{Table}
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\tableformat#1{\centerline{#1}}
\newdimen\tabledim
\long\def\tbl#1#2{%
\global\setbox\tempbox\hbox{\tablefont #2}%
 \global\tabledim\wd\tempbox
 \tableformat{\vbox{\hsize\tabledim
                   \caption{#1}
                   \box\tempbox}}%
}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%\long\def\ttbl#1#2#3{%
%	\parindent\z@
%	\noindent
%  	\tablecaptionfont
%	\caption{#2}%
%	\tablewd\hsize
%	\advance\tablewd-#1
%  	\global\divide\tablewd\tw@
%	\ifdim \wd\captionbox<#1
%	\centerline{\unhbox\captionbox}
%	\else
%  	{\leftskip\tablewd% plus1fill{}
%	\rightskip\tablewd% plus1fill{}
%  	\unhbox\captionbox\par}
%	\fi
% 	\vskip-8pt
%	\centerline{#3}
%}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newenvironment{InTextTable}{%
 	\par\addvspace{16pt plus6pt minus6pt}%
 	\begin{center}
	\tablecaptionfont\noindent\ignorespaces
}{%
   	\end{center}
	\par\addvspace{17pt plus6pt minus6pt}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\tabnotehead{Note}
\def\tabsourcehead{Source}
\newenvironment{tabnote}{%
   \par\addvspace{2pt}
   \setbox\tempbox\vbox\bgroup\hsize\tabledim\parindent12pt
   \tabnotefont
   \@ifnextchar[{\@tabnote}{\@tabnote[\tabnotehead]}%
}{%
		\par\egroup
   \tableformat{\box\tempbox}}
%
\def\@tabnote[#1]{\vskip6pt\noindent\def\@Tempa{#1}\ifx\@Tempa\@empty\hskip0pt\else{\it#1}:\hskip5pt\ignorespaces\fi}
%
%%
\newenvironment{tabfootnote}{%
   \par\addvspace{2pt}
   \setbox\tempbox\vbox\bgroup\hsize\tabledim\parindent12pt
   \tabnotefont
}{%
		\par\egroup
   \tableformat{\box\tempbox}}
%
%%
\def\tabmark#1{\noindent\hbox{\normalsize$\m@th^{#1}$}\ignorespaces}
%
\newenvironment{tabsource}{%
   \let\tabnotehead\tabsourcehead
   \begin{tabnote}
}{%
   \end{tabnote}
}
%
\def\Hline{%
  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height 2\arrayrulewidth \futurelet
   \@tempa\@xhline}
%
\def\x{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}}
\def\toprule{\Hline\\[-7.5pt]}
\def\colrule{\\[-7.5pt]\hline\\[-7.5pt]}
\def\TMcolrule{\\[-9.5pt]\hline\\[-9.5pt]}
\def\botrule{\\[-9pt]\Hline}
\def\crule#1{\\[-10pt]#1\\[-6pt]}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Caption %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
%\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{4\p@}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \figurecaptionfont
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1. #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    #1. #2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Footnote %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule depth0pt height0pt \@width.2\columnwidth
  \kern2.6\p@}
\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
     \@makefnmark#1}
%
\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or *\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
   	\mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
   	\or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
%
\def\thefootnote{\alph{footnote}}
\def\@makefnmark{{$^{\rm \@thefnmark}$}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Page Style %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\mark{{}{}}
%
\def\ps@plain{%
     \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
     \let\@oddhead\@empty
%     \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\mbox{\lower12pt\hbox{\foliofont\thepage}}\hfill}%
     \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\mbox{\hbox{\foliofont\thepage}}\hfill}%
     \let\@evenhead\@empty
     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
%
\def\RightMark{}
%
\def\ps@headings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty
    \let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\rhfont{\upshape{\thepage}}\hskip1em\leftmark\hfill}%
    \def\@oddhead{\hfill\rhfont\rightmark\hskip1em{\upshape{\thepage}}}%
    \let\@mkboth\markboth
    \def\authormark##1{\markboth{##1}{\RightMark}}%
    \def\chaptermark##1{\gdef\RightMark{##1}\markright{##1}}}%
    %\def\sectionmark##1{\gdef\RightMark{##1}\markright{##1}}}%
%
\def\ps@myheadings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\rlap{\foliofont \thepage}\hfill{\rhfont\leftmark}\hfill}%
    \def\@oddhead{\hfill{\rhfont\rightmark}\hfill{\foliofont\thepage}}%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble}
%
\def\ps@pblind{%
	\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
	\def\@evenhead{}%
	\def\@oddhead{}
	\def\@oddfoot{\hfill\mbox{\lower8pc\hbox{}}\hfill}
   \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Theorem %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\newtheorem#1{\@starthm{#1}\@ifnextchar[{\@othm{#1}}{\@nthm{#1}}}
\def\@xthm#1#2{\@opargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{}\ignorespaces}
\def\@nthm#1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname #2bodyfont\endcsname{\csname #1bodyfont\endcsname}%
\@ifnextchar[{\@xnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@ynthm{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@othm#1[#2]#3{\expandafter\gdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname #3bodyfont\endcsname{\csname #1bodyfont\endcsname}%
  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
		\global\@namedef{#1}{\@thm{#2}{#3}}%
		\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{%
   \par\addvspace{6.25pt plus2pt minus.25pt}%
   \def\@tempa{#3}%
   {\bfseries
	\noindent#1 #2\ifx\@tempa\empty\unskip.\else\unskip.\hskip.5em{(#3)}\fi}\hskip1em
	 \edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
   \csname #1bodyfont\endcsname\ignorespaces}
\def\@endtheorem{\par\addvspace{6.25pt plus2pt minus.25pt}}
\def\@starthm#1{\@namedef{#1*}{\@beginstarthm{#1}}%
																\@namedef{end#1*}{\@endstarthm{#1}}}
\def\@beginstarthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@opargbeginstarthm{#1}}{\@opargbeginstarthm{#1}[]}}
\def\@opargbeginstarthm#1[#2]{\par\addvspace{6.25pt plus2pt minus.25pt}%
			   \renewcommand\labelenumi{{\upshape(\theenumi)}}%
			   \def\labelenumii{{\upshape(\theenumii)}}%
						\def\@tempa{#2}%
      \edef\@Tempa{\csname #1name\endcsname}%
			   {\bfseries%\csname \@Tempa headfont\endcsname
      \noindent
      \ifx\@tempa\empty\@Tempa{}.\else#2.\fi}%
      \hskip1em\csname \@Tempa bodyfont\endcsname\ignorespaces}
\def\@endstarthm#1{\par\addvspace{6.25pt plus2pt minus.25pt}}
%
\newif\iflogo
\def\prbox{\hbox to \hsize{\hfill\fboxsep0pt\fbox{\phantom{\vrule width5pt height5pt depth0pt}}}\global\logofalse}
%
%
\newenvironment{proof}{%
	\par\addvspace{12pt plus3pt minus3pt}
   \global\logotrue
   \@ifnextchar[{\@proof}{\@proof[Proof]}%
   }{%
	\par\iflogo\vskip-\lastskip
	\vskip-\baselineskip\prbox\par
	\addvspace{12pt plus3pt minus3pt}\fi}
%
\def\@proof[#1]{\noindent{\normalfont\bfseries#1.}\hskip.5em\ignorespaces}
%
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newcommand\theorembodyfont{\itshape}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section]
\newcommand\lemmabodyfont{\itshape}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}[section]
\newcommand\propositionbodyfont{\itshape}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[section]
\newcommand\corollarybodyfont{\itshape}
\newtheorem{assertion}{Assertion}[section]
\newcommand\assertionbodyfont{\itshape}
%
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Algorithm}[section]
\newcommand\algorithmbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{answer}{Answer}[section]
\newcommand\answerbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{assumption}{Assumption}[section]
\newcommand\assumptionbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{comment}{Comment}[section]
\newcommand\commentbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
\newcommand\definitionbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}[section]
\newcommand\examplebodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}[section]
\newcommand\remarkbodyfont{\upshape}
\newtheorem{solution}{Solution}[section]
\newcommand\solutionbodyfont{\upshape}
%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CITATIONS FOR NAMES OF AUTHORS AND YEAR %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\let\@internalcite\cite
\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    %\def\@cite##1##2{[{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}]}%  %[Simon (1995)]
     \def\@cite##1##2{{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}}%    %Simon (1995)
     \def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##1, ##2}\@internalcite}
%
\def\shortcite{\def\@citeseppen{1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##2}\@internalcite}
%
\def\citeauthor#1{\def\@citeseppen{1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##1}\@citedata{#1}}
%
\def\citeyear#1{\def\@citeseppen{1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}}%  %with comma
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##2}\@citedata{#1}}
%
\def\@citedata#1{\@tempswafalse%
    \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#1\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@citeseppen\ }\@ifundefined
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{}}
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
 \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{;\penalty\@citeseppen\ }%
     \def\@tempa##1##2\@nil{\edef\@citeb{\if##1\space##2\else##1##2\fi}}%
     \expandafter\@tempa\@citeb\@nil
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
     {\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
%\def\@biblabel#1{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##1, ##2}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CITATIONS FOR NAMES OF AUTHORS AND YEAR %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\bibname{References}%
\def\bibfont{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}%
\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
%\def\@biblabel#1{[#1]}
\def\@biblabel#1{}
\newenvironment{thebibliography}%[1]
     {\section*{\bibname}\bibfont%
      \vspace*{4pt}
      \list{}%
            {\leftmargin2pc%\bibindent
            \itemindent-2pc\labelwidth0pt  %indent for turnlines
        \labelsep0pt  %.33em           %% added by rajesh
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \itemsep0pt\parsep0pt
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\newcommand\newblock{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% REFERENCES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Appendix %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newcounter{appendix}
\newcommand\appendix{\par
  	\refstepcounter{appendix}
	\setcounter{section}{0}%
        \setcounter{lemma}{0}
        \setcounter{theorem}{0}
	\setcounter{definition}{0}
        \setcounter{corollary}{0}
	\setcounter{equation}{0}
	\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\renewcommand\thesection{\appendixname\ \Alph{section}}
\renewcommand\thesubsection{\Alph{section}.\arabic{subsection}}%
\renewcommand\theequation{\Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}}}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%For contents pages %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\journalname{\uppercase{Group 1 Journals}}
\def\No{No.}
\def\chead#1#2#3{\par
\thispagestyle{empty}
{\centering{%
{\titlefont\journalname}\par
{\sl Vol.~#1, \No~#2 (#3)}\par
\vspace*{34pt}
\noindent CONTENTS\par}}
\vspace*{14pt}}
\def\leaderfill{\leaders\hbox to 1em{\hss.\hss}\hfill}
\def\centry#1#2#3{\par
	{\foliofont
	\setbox\tempbox\hbox{#3}
	{\rightskip3.5pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\uppercase{#1}}\par}
	{\leftskip12pt{\rightskip1pc plus1fil
	\ignorespaces\noindent#2\leaderfill\hspace*{2pt}\hskip\wd\tempbox\par}\par}\par
	\vskip-\lastskip
	\vskip-\baselineskip
	\hbox to \hsize{\hfill#3}\par}
	\addvspace{8pt plus1pt minus1pt}\par}
%%
\def\cent#1#2#3{\par{\foliofont
	{\rightskip2pc plus1fil
	\noindent\par}
	{\noindent{\uppercase{#1}}\ignorespaces#2\leaderfill\hspace*{2pt}#3\par}}\par
	\addvspace{8pt plus1pt minus1pt}\par
	}
%
\def\ehead#1#2#3{\par
	\addvspace{12pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	{\foliofont\rightskip4pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\bf #1{#2}{#3}\par}
	\vspace*{4pt}}\par}
%
\def\eehead#1#2#3{\par
	\addvspace{12pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	{\foliofont\rightskip4pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\bf #1{#2}{#3}\par}
	\vspace*{4pt}}\par}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Trim Marks %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newcommand\today{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
	\space\number\day, \number\year}
\newcount\minute
\newcount\hour
\def\currenttime{%
	\minute\time
	\hour\minute
	\divide\hour60
	\the\hour:\multiply\hour60\advance\minute-\hour\the\minute}
%
%
\def\draftnote{\today\quad\currenttime\quad WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE 
\qquad\jobname}%
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\cropmarks{\nointerlineskip%
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip-8.6pt
	\parindent0pt\hspace*{6pt}\draftnote
     \par\advance\trimheight by 2pc
     \vbox to \trimheight{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip-2pc
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\raisebox{2pc}
   {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hfill\raisebox{2pc}
   {\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hspace*{-2.6pc}\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}}\vfill
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\raisebox{1.4pc}
        {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hfill 
    \lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\rlap{\hspace*{0.6pc}\raisebox{1.4pc}{\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}}}}}
     \vbox to 0pt{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip\topmargin%\vskip1.3pt
     \tempdimen\normaltextheight
     \advance\tempdimen24pt
     \moveright\@themargin
     \vbox to \tempdimen{\hrule height\draftrule 
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip\headheight\vskip\headsep%\vskip3pt
                \vrule height\draftrule width\textwidth}%
      \hbox to \textwidth{\vrule width\draftrule \hfill\vrule height\tempdimen width\draftrule}%
           \hrule height\draftrule}}}%%
\def\xcropmarks{\nointerlineskip%
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip-8.6pt
	\parindent0pt\hspace*{6pt}\draftnote
     \par\advance\trimheight by 2pc
     \vbox to \trimheight{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip-2pc
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\raisebox{2pc}
   {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hfill\raisebox{2pc}
   {\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hspace*{-2.6pc}\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}}\vfill
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\raisebox{1.4pc}
        {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}\hfill 
    \lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height2pc width0.3pt}\rlap{\hspace*{0.6pc}\raisebox{1.4pc}{\vrule width2pc height0.3pt}}}}}
     \vbox to 0pt{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip\topmargin%\vskip1.3pt
     \tempdimen\normaltextheight
     \advance\tempdimen27pt
     \moveright\@themargin
     \vbox to \tempdimen{\hrule height\draftrule 
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip\headheight\vskip\headsep%\vskip3pt
                \vrule height\draftrule width\textwidth}%
      \hbox to \textwidth{\vrule width\draftrule \hfill\vrule height\tempdimen width\draftrule}%
           \hrule height\draftrule}}}%%
%
\let\trimmarks\cropmarks
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Output Routine %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\@outputpage{%
\begingroup           % the \endgroup is put in by \aftergroup
  \let \protect \noexpand
  \@resetactivechars
  \let\-\@dischyph
  \let\'\@acci\let\`\@accii\let\=\@acciii
  \let\\\@normalcr
  \let\par\@@par          %% 15 Sep 87
  \shipout \vbox{%
    \set@typeset@protect
    \aftergroup \endgroup
    \aftergroup \set@typeset@protect
                                % correct? or just restore by ending
                                % the group?
  \if@specialpage
    \global\@specialpagefalse\@nameuse{ps@\@specialstyle}%
  \fi
  \if@twoside
    \ifodd\count\z@ \let\@thehead\@oddhead \let\@thefoot\@oddfoot
         \let\@themargin\oddsidemargin
    \else \let\@thehead\@evenhead
       \let\@thefoot\@evenfoot \let\@themargin\evensidemargin
    \fi
  \fi
  \reset@font
  \normalsize
  \baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit\z@
    \@begindvi\trimmarks
    \vskip \topmargin
    \moveright\@themargin \vbox {%
      \setbox\@tempboxa \vbox to\headheight{%
        \vfil
        \color@hbox
          \normalcolor
          \hb@xt@\textwidth {%
            \let \label \@gobble
            \let \index \@gobble
            \let \glossary \@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
            \@thehead
            }%
        \color@endbox
        }%                        %% 22 Feb 87
      \dp\@tempboxa \z@
      \box\@tempboxa
      \vskip \headsep
      \box\@outputbox
      \baselineskip \footskip
      \color@hbox
        \normalcolor
        \hb@xt@\textwidth{%
          \let \label \@gobble
          \let \index \@gobble      %% 22 Feb 87
          \let \glossary \@gobble   %% 21 Jun 91
          \@thefoot
          }%
      \color@endbox
      }%
    }%
\global \@colht \textheight
\stepcounter{page}%
\let\firstmark\botmark
}
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Local Defs. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\mtb{\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\phantom{e}}}
\def\breakhere{\par\vskip-\lastskip
			\pagebreak}
\def\forcebreak{\vadjust{\pagebreak}}
%
\def\and{\hbox{\lowercase{and }}}
\def\aand{\\[10pt]{\upshape{and}}\\[-3pt]}
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Process Options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\pagestyle{headings}
\pagenumbering{arabic} 
\onecolumn
\frenchspacing
\flushbottom
\def\sloppy{\tolerance=100000\hfuzz=\maxdimen \vfuzz=\maxdimen}
\sloppy
\vbadness=12000
\hbadness=12000
\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}  
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
\usepackage{url}
\endinput
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of File %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in
%% Text Area: 8in (include Runningheads) x 5in
%% ws-medj.tex   :   2-9-09
%% Tex file to use with ws-medj.cls written in Latex2E. 
%% The content, structure, format and layout of this style file is the 
%% property of World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 
%% Copyright 1995, 2002 by World Scientific Publishing Co. 
%% All rights are reserved.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%

\documentclass{ws-medj}

\begin{document}

\markboth{Authors' Names}{Instructions for 
Typing Manuscripts (Paper's Title)}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Publisher's Area please ignore %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\catchline{}{}{}{}{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\title{Your paper}

\author{FIRST AUTHOR\footnote{
Typeset names in 8 pt roman, uppercase. Use the footnote to indicate the
present or permanent address of the author.}}

\address{University Department, University Name, Address\\
City, State ZIP/Zone,Country\,\footnote{State completely without 
abbreviations, the affiliation and mailing address, 
including country. Typeset in 8 pt italic.}\\
\email{author\_id@domain\_name\footnote{Typeset author e-mail address 
in single line.}}
\http{$<$webaddress$>$}
}

\author{SECOND AUTHOR}

\address{Group, Laboratory, Address\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country\\
author\_id@domain\_name
}

\maketitle

\begin{history}
\received{(Day Month Year)}
\revised{(Day Month Year)}
%\accepted{(Day Month Year)}
%\comby{(xxxxxxxxxx)}
\end{history}

\begin{abstract}
The abstract should summarize the context, content 
and conclusions of the paper in less than 200 words. It should
not contain any reference citations or displayed equations. Typeset 
the abstract in 8 pt roman with baselineskip of 10 pt, making
an indentation of 1.5 pica on the left and right margins.
\end{abstract}

\keywords{Keyword1; keyword2; keyword3.}

\section{General Appearance}	

Contributions to the {\it Middle East Development Journal} 
will mostly be processed by using the authors' source files. 
These should be submitted with the manuscripts, and resubmitted  
in the final form if a paper requires revision before being accepted 
for publication.

\section{The Main Text}

Authors should have their contribution checked for grammar.
American spelling should be used. Abbreviations are allowed but should
be spelt out in full when first used. Integers ten and below are to be
spelt out. Italicize foreign language phrases (e.g.~Latin, French).

The text should be in 10~pt roman, single spaced with
baselineskip of 13~pt. Text area (including copyright block) 
is 8 inches high and 5 inches wide for the first page. 
Text area (excluding running title) is 7.7 inches high and 
5 inches wide for subsequent pages.  Final pagination and 
insertion of running titles will be done by the publisher.

\section{Major Headings}
Major headings should be typeset in boldface with the first 
letter of important words capitalized.

\subsection{Sub-headings}
Sub-headings should be typeset in boldface italic and capitalize the
first letter of the first word only. Section number to be in boldface
roman.

\subsubsection{Sub-subheadings}

Typeset sub-subheadings in medium face italic and capitalize the
first letter of the first word only. Section numbers to be in
roman.

\subsection{Numbering and spacing}

Sections, sub-sections and sub-subsections are numbered in
Arabic.  Use double spacing before all section headings, and
single spacing after section headings. Flush left all paragraphs
that follow after section headings.

\subsection{Lists of items}

List may be presented with each item marked by bullets and numbers.

\subsection*{Bulleted items}

\begin{itemlist}
 \item item one,
 \item item two,
 \item item three.
\end{itemlist}

\subsection*{Numbered items}

\begin{arabiclist}
 \item item one,
 \item item two,
 \item item three.
\end{arabiclist}

The order of subdivisions of items in bullet and numbered lists
may be presented as follows:

\subsection*{Bulleted items}

\begin{itemize}
\item First item in the first level
\item Second item in the first level
\begin{itemize}
\item First item in the second level 
\item Second item in the second level
\begin{itemize}
\item First item in the third level 
\item Second item in the third level
\end{itemize}
\item Third item in the second level
\item Fourth item in the second level
\end{itemize}
\item Third item in the first level
\item Fourth item in the first level
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Numbered items}

\begin{arabiclist}
\item First item in the first level
\item Second item in the first level
\begin{alphlist}[(a)]
\item First item in the second level 
\item Second item in the second level
\begin{romanlist}[iii.]
\item First item in the third level 
\item Second item in the third level
\item Third item in the third level
\end{romanlist}
\item Third item in the second level
\item Fourth item in the second level
\end{alphlist}
\item Third item in the first level
\item Fourth item in the first level
\end{arabiclist}

\section{Equations}

Displayed equations should be numbered consecutively,
with the number set flush right and enclosed in parentheses. The
equation numbers should be consecutive within each section.
Numbering by sections refers only to the large main sections, i.e. to those
with Level 1 headings. Thus the equations in Section 4
would be labeled (\ref{eq41}), (\ref{eq42}) etc.
\begin{equation}	
\langle T_i,T_j\rangle=0\,,\  
\langle T_i,\tilde T^j\rangle=\langle \tilde T^j,T_i\rangle=\delta_i^j\,,\  
\langle\tilde T^i,\tilde T^j\rangle=0\,.
\label{eq41}
\end{equation}

Equations should be referred to in abbreviated form,
e.g.~``Eq.~(\ref{eq42})'' or ``(\ref{eq43})''. In multiple-line
equations, the number should be given on the last line 
\begin{equation}	
[T_1,T_2]=nT_2\,,
\label{eq42}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{eqnarray}	
\mathcal{L} &=&E_{ij}(g)(g^{-1}\partial_-g)^i(g^{-1}
\partial_+g)^j\,, \nonumber\\[3pt] 
&=&\tilde E_{ij}(\tilde g)
(\tilde g^{-1}\partial_-\tilde g)^i(\tilde g^{-1}\partial_+\tilde g)^j\,. 
\label{eq43}
\end{eqnarray}

Displayed equations are to be centered on the page width.
Standard English letters like x are to appear as $x$
(italicized) in the text if they are used as mathematical
symbols. Punctuation marks are used at the end of equations as
if they appeared directly in the text.

\section{Theorem Environments}

\begin{theorem}
Theorems$,$ lemmas$,$ definitions$,$ etc. are set on a separate paragraph$,$ 
with extra 1 line space above and below. They are to be numbered 
consecutively within each section.
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) = \frac{\sum^\infty_{i=1} 1(d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}{
\int^t_{\sigma=0} 1(N(\sigma) = n)d\sigma}\, .\label{heq}
\end{equation}

Numbering by sections refers only to the large main sections, i.e. to
those with Level 1 headings.  Thus the numbering style in Section $5$ 
would be labeled $(\ref{heq}),$ etc.
\end{theorem}

\begin{lemma}
Theorems$,$ lemmas$,$ definitions$,$ etc. are set on a separate paragraph$,$ 
with extra 1 line space above and below. They are to be numbered
consecutively within each section.

Numbering by sections refers only to the large main sections, i.e. to
those with Level 1 headings.  Thus the numbering style in Section $5$ 
would be labeled $(\ref{heq}),$ etc.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Proofs should end with a square box.
\end{proof}

\begin{figure}[pb]
\centerline{\psfig{file=medjf1.eps,width=2in}}
\caption{A schematic illustration of dissociative recombination. The
direct mechanism, 4m$^2_\pi$ is initiated when the
molecular ion S$_{\rm L}$ captures an electron with kinetic energy.}
\end{figure}

\section{Illustrations and Photographs}

Figures are to be inserted in the text nearest their first
reference.  Figure placements can be either top or bottom.
Original india ink drawings of glossy prints are
preferred. Please send one set of originals with copies. If the
author requires the publisher to reduce the figures, ensure that
the figures (including letterings and numbers) are large enough
to be clearly seen after reduction. If photographs are to be
used, only black and white ones are acceptable.

Figures are to be sequentially numbered in Arabic numerals. The
caption must be placed below the figure. Typeset in 8 pt roman with
baselineskip of 10~pt. Long captions are to be justified by the
``page-width''.  Use double spacing between a caption and the text
that follows immediately.

Previously published material must be accompanied by written
permission from the author and publisher.

\section{Tables}

Tables should be inserted in the text as close to the point of 
reference as possible. Some space should be left above and below
the table.

Tables should be numbered sequentially in the text in Arabic
numerals. Captions are to be centralized above the tables.
Typeset tables and captions in 8 pt roman with
baselineskip of 10 pt. Long captions are to be 
justified by the ``table-width''.

\begin{table}[th]
\tbl{Comparison of acoustic for frequencies for piston-cylinder problem.}
{\begin{tabular}{@{}cccc@{}} \toprule
Piston mass & Analytical frequency & TRIA6-$S_1$ model &
\% Error \\
& (Rad/s) & (Rad/s) \\ \colrule
1.0\hphantom{00} & \hphantom{0}281.0 & \hphantom{0}280.81 & 0.07 \\
0.1\hphantom{00} & \hphantom{0}876.0 & \hphantom{0}875.74 & 0.03 \\
0.01\hphantom{0} & 2441.0 & 2441.0\hphantom{0} & 0.0\hphantom{0} \\
0.001 & 4130.0 & 4129.3\hphantom{0} & 0.16\\ \botrule
\end{tabular}}
\begin{tabnote}
Table notes.
\end{tabnote}
\begin{tabfootnote}
\tabmark{a} Table footnote A.\\
\tabmark{b} Table footnote B.
\end{tabfootnote}
\end{table}

If tables need to extend over to a second page, the continuation
of the table should be preceded by a caption, 
e.g.~``Table~2. $(${\it Continued}$)$''. Notes to tables are
placed below the final row of the table and should be flushleft.
Footnotes in tables should be indicated by superscript lowercase letters
and placed beneath the table.

\section{Running Heads}

Please provide a shortened runninghead (not more than eight words) for
the title of your paper. This will appear on the top right-hand side
of your paper.

\section{Footnotes}

Footnotes should be numbered sequentially in superscript 
Arabic numeral.\footnote{Footnotes should be 
typeset in 8 pt roman at the bottom of the page.}

\begin{appendix}         %appear Appendix~A     

\renewcommand\theequation{A.\arabic{equation}}
\section*{Appendix~A}

Appendices should be used only when absolutely necessary. They 
should come\break
before the Acknowledgments. If there is more than one
appendix, number them alphabetically. Number displayed equations
occurring in the Appendix in this way, e.g.~(\ref{appeqn}), (\ref{aptwo}),
etc.
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) = \frac{\sum^\infty_{i=1} 1(d_i < t, N(d_i) 
= n)}{\int^t_{\sigma=0} 1(N(\sigma) = n)d\sigma}\, ,
\label{appeqn}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}	
g^E_{\mu\nu}\equiv e^{\frac{4(\phi_0-\phi)}{n-2}}g_{\mu\nu}\, .
\label{aptwo}
\end{equation}

\end{appendix}
 
\section*{Acknowledgments}

This section should come before the References. Funding
information may also be included here.

\section*{References}

References are to be listed in alphabetical order using the last name 
of the first-named author. They can be cited in text as,  
e.g.~``According to \cite{elhan}'' or 
``$\ldots$ (Elhanan Helpman and Paul Krugman 1985).'' Please 
list using the style shown in the following examples. Full 
journal titles should be used. Typeset references in 9 pt roman. 

\section*{Journal Articles}

\section*{\it Published}

\ps {\bf Acemoglu, Daron.} 2002. ``Technical Change, Inequality, and 
the Labor Market.'' {\it Journal of Economic Literature}, 40(1): 7--72.

\vspace*{6pt}
\noindent 
In the case of two authors, only the first author's name is inverted 
and a comma must be placed before and after the first author's name or 
initials. Use ``and'' between the two author'(s') names. 
\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Baker, George, Robert Gibbons, and Kevin J. Murphy.}
2002. ``Relational Contracts and the Theory of the Firm.'' 
{\it Quaterly Journal of Economics}, 117(1): 39--84.

\section*{\it Forthcoming}
\ps {\bf Bikhchandani, Sushil, and Joseph M. Ostroy.} Forthcoming. 
``Ascending Price Vickery Auctions.''{\it Games and Economic Behavior}.

\section*{Books}

\section*{\it One author}

\ps {\bf Friedman, Thomas L.} 2005. {\it The World Is Flat: A Brief 
History of the Twenty-First Century}. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

\section*{\it Two authors}

\ps {\bf Helpman, Elhanan, and Paul Krugman.} 1985. {\it Market
Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect
Competition, and the International Economy}. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

\section*{\it Chapter in a Book}

\ps {\bf Freeman, Richard B.} 1993. ``How Much Has Deunionization
Contributed to the Rise in Male Earnings Equality?'' In {\it Uneven
Tide: Rising Income Inequality in America}, ed.~ Sheldon Danzinger and
Peter Gottschalk, 133--63. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

\section*{\it Reprint or Modern Editions}

When emphasizing the earlier date: Author Last name, First name.
Earlier printing date. {\it Title.} City of publication: Publisher,
Later date.
\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Rawls, John.} 1971. {\it A Theory of Justice}. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1999.

\vspace*{6pt}
\noindent
When emphasizing the later date: Author Last name, First name. 
{\it Title}. City of publication: Publisher, (Orig. pub. date).
\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Rawls, John.} 1999. {\it A Theory of Justice}. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, (Orig. pub. 1971).

\section*{\it Editions Other Than the First} 
When an edition other than the first is used or cited, the number or
description of the edition follows the title in the listing.
\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White.} 2000. {\it The
Elements of Style}. 4th ed.~New York: Allyn and Bacon.

\section*{Multivolume Works} 
Multivolume works include works such as encyclopedias, multivolume 
works published over several years, and multivolume works published in 
a single year. Below are a few examples.
\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Kohama, Hirohisa,} ed.~2003. {\it Asian Development
Experience}. Vol~1, {\it External Factors in Asian
Development}. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

\ps {\bf Kusuoka, Shigeo, and Akira Yamazaki,} ed.~2006. {\it Advances
in Mathematical Economics}. Vol.~8. New York: Springer.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Mokyr, Joel,} ed.~2003. {\it The Oxford Encyclopedia of 
Economic History}. 5 Vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

\section*{Unpublished Papers} 

\section*{\it Working Papers}

Only papers appearing as part of an institutions' working papers 
series should be classified as working papers. These should always 
include a specific working paper number as assigned by the institution.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Ausubel, Lawrence M.} 1997. ``An Efficient Ascending-Bid
Auction for Multiple Objects.'' University of Maryland Faculty Working
Paper 97--06.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Heidhues, Paul, and Botond Koszegi.} 2005. ``The Impact of
Consumer Loss Aversion on Pricing.'' Centre for Economic Policy 
Research Discussion Paper 4849.

\section*{\it Lectures and Papers Presented at Meetings} 

\ps {\bf Romer, Christina D., and David H. Romer.} 2006 ``The 
Evolution of Economic Understanding and Postwar Stabilization 
Policy.'' Paper presented at the Rethinking Stabilization Policy 
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas Symposium, Jackson Hole, WY.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Goldin, Claudia.} 2006. ``The Quiet Revolution That Transformed 
Women's\break Employment, Education, and Family.'' Paper presented at the 
annual meeting of the Allied Social Science Associations, Boston.

\section*{\it Unpublished Papers}

\ps {\bf Zeitzewitz, Eric.} 2006. ``How Widespread Was Late Trading in 
Mutual Funds.'' \url{http://facultygsb.stanford.edu/zitzewitz}.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Factiva.} 2006. ``Blogging and your Corporate Reputation:
Part One --- Listen to the Conversation.'' 
\url{http://www.factiva.com/collateral/download_brchr.asp?node=menuElem1506#white}.

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Acemoglu, Daron, Pol Atras, and Elhanan Helpman.} 2006. ``Contracts and Technology Adoption.'' Unpublished.

\section*{\it Theses and Dissertations}

\ps {\bf Nash, John.} 1950. ``Non-Cooperative Games.'' PhD diss. Princeton 
University.

\section*{Web Sites}

\ps {\bf Factiva.} 2006. Dow Jones Reuters Business Interactive LLC. 
\url{www.factiva.com} (accessed June 5, 2006).

\vspace*{6pt}

\ps {\bf Biography Resource Center.} 2006. Thomas Gale. 
\url{http://www.galegroup.com/BiographyRC} (accessed September 25, 2006). 

\section*{Newspapers, Online Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and 
Reference Works}

Because newspapers, online dictionaries, encyclopedias, and databases
are continuously updated, they should be cited as a footnote in the
text. It should NOT be included in the reference list. The note should
always include an access date along with the URL. If possible, use the
appropriate URL for the site entry rather than the general URL.

If you are citing the definition for ``nepotism'' in the 
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, use 
\url{http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/nepotism} rather than 
\url{http://www.m-w.com}.

\section*{Magazine Articles}

\section*{\it Authored Articles}

\ps {\bf Belkin, Lisa.} 2003. ``The Opt-out Revolution.'' {\it New
York Times Magazine}. October 26, 23--32.

\section*{\it Nonauthored Articles}

\ps {\bfseries\itshape The Economist.} 1991. ``The Ins and Outs of
Outsourcing.'' August 31, 54--56.

\section*{Online Magazine Articles}

\ps {\bf Becker, Gary S.} 1993. ``The Evidence against Blacks Doesn't 
Prove Bias.'' {\it Business Week}. April 19. 
\url{http://bwarchive.businessweek.com/index/jsp}.

%\end{document}

\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem[Elhanan Helpman and Paul Krugman, 1985]{elhan} 
{\bf Helpman, Elhanan, and Paul Krugman.} 1985. {\it Market 
Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect
Competition, and the International Economy}. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}