Materials and Emerging Technologies for Sustainability (World Scientific)

% WSPC BRL BibTeX Style File -- version 1.0
% BibTeX version 0.99c, intended for LaTeX2e
%
% 2005/03/26  Rajesh <[email protected]>
% World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
%
% This style was made from 'abbrv.bst' with lots of tweaking to make
% it look like WSPC BRL.
%
% If you make bug fixes, improvements, etc. please send in yours
% comments and suggetions to Rajesh <[email protected]>
%
% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, abbrv.bst and ws-brl.bst.
% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
    url
  }
  {}
  { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.quote after.sentence
        after.quoted.block after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.quote :=
  #3 'after.sentence :=
  #4 'after.quoted.block :=
  #5 'after.block :=
}

FUNCTION {disp.msg.screen} { #1 }

FUNCTION {type.msg}
{ disp.msg.screen
     { "<ws-brl.bst>"
       top$
       "World Scientific's Bibliography Style File for Journals"
       top$
       "version 1.0 (2005/03/26)"
       top$
       "-- by Rajesh"
       top$
       "<unSorted version, follows inhouse bib-pattern 5>"
       top$
     }
     { skip$ }
   if$
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.quote =
    { " " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { output.state after.quoted.block =
            { write$
              newline$
              "\newblock " write$
            }
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {blank.sep}
{
 after.quote 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ output.state after.quoted.block =
    'skip$
    'add.period$
  if$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { output.state after.quote =
    { after.quoted.block 'output.state := }
    { after.block 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bold}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
    { namesleft #1 >
        { ", " * t * }
        { numnames #2 >
        { "" * }
        'skip$
          if$
          t "others" =
        { " {\em et~al.}" * }
        { " and " * t * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
    { " (eds.)" * }
    { " (ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.eeditors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor num.names$ #1 >
    { " eds." * }
    { " ed." * }
      if$
    editor format.names}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { "" title "t" change.case$ * "" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title.p}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { "" title "t" change.case$ * "" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
        { "--" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
        {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
        { "-" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
          while$
        }
      if$
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.mdate}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
    { "" }
    { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
      month
    }
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
    { " (" year * ")" *}
    { " (" * month * "" year * ")" *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
    { "" }
    { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
      month
    }
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
    { " (" year * ")" *}
    { " (" * month * "" year * ")" *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
    { title emphasize }

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ series empty$
   { "" }
    { volume empty$
       {series *}
       {", " * series * "Vol.~" volume *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
    { series field.or.null }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { "no.~" }
        { "No.~" }
      if$
      number *
      series empty$
        { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
        { " in " * series * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
    { edition "l" change.case$ " edn." * }
    { edition "t" change.case$ " edn." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
    { #1 'multiresult := }
    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {first.page.number}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t "" =
        { #0 }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not }
      if$
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
        { pages first.page.number}
        { "p." pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.ppages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
        { "pp." pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
        { "p." pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number}
{ number empty$
    { "" }
    { "("  number * ")" *}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.volume.number}
{ journal empty$
    { "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ ""}
    { journal emphasize }
  if$
  volume empty$      %% warning if no volume
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * warning$ " " *}
    { " " * volume bold *}      %% make volume bold
%%    { "vol.~" volume * }
  if$
  month empty$
    { format.number *}
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.series.volume.number}
{ series empty$
%%    { "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ ""}
    { "" }                  
    { series emphasize }
  if$
  volume empty$ 
    { "" *}                 
    { " " * volume bold *}  
%%    { "vol.~" volume * }
  if$
  month empty$
    { format.number *}
    'skip$
  if$
}

% following not used
FUNCTION {format.volume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { volume bold }            
%%    { "vol.~" volume * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.ppages
    { type empty$
    { "ch.~" chapter * }
    { type "l" change.case$ chapter tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
      pages empty$
    'skip$
    { ", " * format.ppages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.ppages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.ppages
    { type empty$
    { "ch.~" chapter * }
    { type "l" change.case$ chapter tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
      pages empty$
    'skip$
    { ", " * format.ppages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { ", in {\em " * booktitle * "\/}, " *
       format.eeditors
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      output.state after.block =
    { type "t" change.case$ }
    { type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$ 
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Tech. Rep." }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "l" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.paddress}
{ address empty$
    { "" }
    { "(" address * ")" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
    { journal empty$
    { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
      warning$
      ""
    }
    { " in {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { " in " key * }
  if$
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " {\em et~al.}" * }
    { #2 <
    'skip$
    { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
        { " {\em et~al.}" * }
        { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "In "
    }
    { "Vol.~" volume *
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
    { series empty$
        { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
          crossref * warning$
          "" *
        }
        { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
    { booktitle empty$
        { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
          crossref * warning$
          ""
        }
        { " in {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }   
      if$
    }
    { " in " key * }
      if$
    }
    { " in " format.crossref.editor * }   
  if$
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {push.url}
{}

FUNCTION {push.date}
% format: month year
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
        { "" }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
          month
        }
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
        { year }
        { month " " * year * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.address.date}
{ address empty$
    {year empty$ 
        { "" }
        { push.date *} 
        if$
    }
    { "(" address * ", " * year * ")" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.school.date}
{ school empty$
    {"school is missing " cite$ * warning$
    year empty$ 
        { "" }
        { push.date *} 
        if$
    }
    { "(" school * ", " * year * ")" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {push.address.publisher.year}
% the whole imprint
{ address empty$
    { publisher empty$
        { url empty$
            { year empty$ 
                { "" }
                { push.date } 
              if$
            }
            { 
              push.url
              year empty$
                { skip$ }
                { ", " * push.date * ")" * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      { "(" publisher *
      year empty$
            { skip$ }
            { ", " * push.date * ")" * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { 
      publisher empty$
        { skip$ }
        { "(" publisher * ", " * address * }
      if$
      year empty$
    { ")" * }
    { ", " * push.date * ")" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.journal.volume.number output
      format.pages output
      blank.sep
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.edition output
      blank.sep      
      push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check
    }
    { new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  title empty$
    { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$
      howpublished new.sentence.checka
    }
    { howpublished empty$ not
      address empty$ month empty$ year empty$ and and
      or
    { format.title.p output.nonnull }
    { format.title output.nonnull }
      if$
    }
  if$
  howpublished output
  publisher empty$
  {format.address.date output}
  {push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check}
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull}
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  blank.sep
  format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check
      address output
      format.chapter.ppages "chapter and pages" output.check      
    }
    { format.chapter.ppages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%%  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  blank.sep
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle or editor" output.check
     format.series.volume.number output
      blank.sep
      push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check
      %%blank.sep
      format.ppages output
      format.edition output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      %%blank.sep
      format.ppages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  blank.sep
  format.in.ed.booktitle output  %remove check for booktitle
  blank.sep
      journal empty$
         {format.series.volume.number output}
         {format.journal.volume.number output}
     if$
      organization output
  publisher empty$
  {format.address.date output}
  {push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check}
  if$
      format.ppages output
  %%new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
    'skip$
    { organization output.nonnull
      address output
    }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
    { address new.block.checka
      address output
    }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
    { organization address new.block.checkb
      organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date output
  %%new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  %format.school.date "school" output.check
  school output
  blank.sep
  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  title empty$
    { howpublished new.sentence.checka }
    { howpublished empty$ not
      month empty$ year empty$ and
      or
    { format.title.p output.nonnull }
    { format.title output.nonnull }
      if$
      blank.sep
    }
  if$
  howpublished output
  format.date output
  note output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  publisher empty$
  {format.address.date output}
  {push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check}
  if$
  format.ppages output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  blank.sep  
  format.series.volume.number output   
  editor empty$
    'skip$
    { organization output }
  if$
   push.address.publisher.year "publisher" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  blank.sep
  address empty$
  {format.mdate output}
  {format.address.date output}
  if$
  note output
  fin.entry
  new.block  
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title.p "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad} {"IEEE Trans. Computer-Aided Design"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

EXECUTE {type.msg}

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    { s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
        { "   " * }
        { skip$ }
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.institution.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { institution empty$
            { key empty$
                { "to sort, need author, organization, institution or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
                { key sortify }
              if$
            }
            { "The " #4 institution chop.word sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
    { key empty$
        { "_" }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { type$ "book" =
      type$ "inbook" =
      or 
        { author.editor.sort }
        { type$ "proceedings" =
          type$ "periodical" =
          or
            { editor.organization.sort }
            { type$ "manual" =
              type$ "electronic" =
              type$ "misc" =
              or or
                { author.organization.sort }
                { type$ "standard" =
                   { author.organization.institution.sort }
                   { author.sort }
                 if$ 
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      "    "
      *
      year empty.field.to.null.string sortify
      *
      "    "
      *
      title empty.field.to.null.string
      sort.format.title
      *
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

%ITERATE {presort}

%SORT

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

%%
%% End of file
%% For Support: [email protected], [email protected]
%% ws-brl.bst (C) World Scientific Publishing Co.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Text Area: 8in (include Runningheads) x 5in
%% ws-mets.cls   :   06-11-2024
%% Tex file to use with ws-mets.tex written in LaTeX2E. 
%% The content, structure, format and layout of this style file is the 
%% property of World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 
%% Copyright 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. 
%% All rights are reserved.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{ws-mets}[2024/11/06 v1.5g Standard LaTeX document class]
\@twosidetrue\@mparswitchtrue\@twocolumnfalse
\newif\if@openright
\@openrighttrue
\newif\if@restonecol
%
\newif\if@wsdraft
%
\newdimen\wsdraftrule
\wsdraftrule=0pt
%
%
\DeclareOption{splissue}{\@splissuetrue}
\DeclareOption{wsdraft}{\@wsdrafttrue\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}\wsdraftrule0.01pt}%

%
\hoffset=-0.17in   
\voffset=0.17in    

%
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
%
\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,twoside,onecolumn,final}
\ProcessOptions
%
\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
\newcommand\bibname{References}%
%
\newcommand\today{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
	\space\number\day, \number\year}
\newcount\minute
\newcount\hour
\def\currenttime{%
	\minute\time
	\hour\minute
	\divide\hour60
	\the\hour:\multiply\hour60\advance\minute-\hour\the\minute}
%
\newdimen\trimheight
\newdimen\trimwidth
\newdimen\typeheight
\newdimen\typewidth
\newdimen\tempdimen
\newdimen\tablewidth
\newdimen\normaltextheight
\newbox\tempbox
\newdimen\tablewd
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Fonts %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\foliofont{\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont}
\def\bibfont{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
\def\rhfont{\footnotesize\itshape{}}
\def\catchlinefont{\footnotesize}
\def\titlefont{\fontsize{10}{13}\bfseries\boldmath\selectfont\centering{}}
\def\authorfont{\footnotesize}
\def\abstractfont{\footnotesize}
\let\affiliationfont\rhfont
\def\datefont{\footnotesize}
\def\sectionfont{\bfseries\boldmath\rightskip2pc plus1fill{}}
\def\subsectionfont{\bfseries\boldmath\itshape\rightskip2pc plus1fill{}}
\def\subsubsectionfont{\itshape\rightskip2pc plus1fill{}}
\def\paragraphfont{\bfseries\boldmath}
\def\subparagraphfont{\itshape}
\def\figurecaptionfont{\footnotesize}
\def\tablefont{\footnotesize}
\def\tablecaptionfont{\footnotesize}
%
\renewcommand\normalsize{%
   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{13}%\@xiiipt
   \abovedisplayskip6\p@\@plus4\p@\@minus2\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
   \belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayshortskip
   \belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip
   \let\@listi\@listI}
\normalsize
%
\newcommand\small{%
   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
   \abovedisplayskip 8\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}
%
\newcommand\footnotesize{%
   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{10}%
   \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}
%
\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}%
\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{16}}%%
\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}
\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bi}{\bfseries\itshape}{\bfseries\itshape}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{cmr}%
%
\DeclareMathSizes{28}{28}{25}{20}
\DeclareMathSizes{24}{24}{21}{18}
\DeclareMathSizes{22}{22}{19}{17}
\DeclareMathSizes{20}{20}{17}{15}
\DeclareMathSizes{18}{18}{15}{10}
\DeclareMathSizes{12}{11}{8}{5}
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\DeclareMathSizes{7}{7}{5}{5}
\DeclareMathSizes{6}{6}{5}{5}
\DeclareMathSizes{5}{5}{5}{5}

\def\cdash{$^{\raisebox{-0.5pt}{\hbox{--}}}$}	

\def\uc#1{\uppercase{#1}}

\def\bm#1{\mathchoice
	{\mbox{\boldmath$#1$}}%
          {\mbox{\boldmath$#1$}}%
          {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}%
          {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Initializations %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\trimheight9.74truein   %measure is 9.75truein
\trimwidth6.49truein    %measure is 6.5truein
\typeheight48.1pc
\typewidth5truein
%
\setlength\parindent{1.5em}
\setlength\headheight{5\p@}
\setlength\headsep   {19pt}
\setlength\topskip   {7\p@}
\setlength\footskip{25pt}
\setlength\maxdepth{4\p@}
\setlength\@maxdepth\maxdepth
\setlength\textwidth{5truein}
\setlength\textheight\typeheight
\advance\textheight-\headheight
\advance\textheight-\headsep
\setlength\normaltextheight{\textheight}

\setlength\oddsidemargin{.75in}
\setlength\evensidemargin{.75in}
%\addtolength\evensidemargin{-\textwidth}
%\addtolength\evensidemargin{-\oddsidemargin}

\setlength\marginparwidth{.75in}
\setlength\marginparsep{7\p@}
\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}
%\setlength\topmargin{.85926in}%
\setlength\topmargin{.75in}
\setlength\footnotesep{6\p@}%6pt
\setlength{\skip\footins}{18\p@ \@plus 5\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\floatsep    {18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\textfloatsep{18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\intextsep   {18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\dblfloatsep    {18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\@fptop{0\p@}
\setlength\@fpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\@dblfpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\partopsep{0\p@}
%
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}%
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}%{}
\setlength\parskip{0\p@}
\@lowpenalty   51
\@medpenalty  151
\@highpenalty 301
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Title %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{{#1}}}
\newcommand\maketitle{\par
  \begingroup
   \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
    \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
    \long\def\@makefntext##1{\noindent
%	\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}{\lowercase{##1}}}%
	\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}{##1}}%
      \newpage
      \global\@topnum\z@
      \@maketitle
    \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \global\let\thanks\relax
  \global\let\maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@thanks\@empty
  \global\let\@author\@empty
  \global\let\@title\@empty
  \global\let\title\relax
  \global\let\author\relax
}
\def\@maketitle{%
  \newpage
  \null
  \vspace*{-10pt}
   \vspace*{-25pt}% to have the bylines on the beginning of the page
  \@clinebuf
%  \vspace*{52pt}
  \vspace*{49pt}
  \begin{center}%
  \let\footnote \thanks
  {\titlefont\@title \par}%
  \vspace*{28pt}
  \@aabuffer\par
  \end{center}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End Title %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Local Definitions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\newcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal}
\newcommand{\pcal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
%
\def\mtb{\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\phantom{e}}}
\def\breakhere{\par\vskip-\lastskip
			\pagebreak}
\def\forcebreak{\vadjust{\pagebreak}}
%
\def\thebepage{\thepage}
\def\theeepage{\pageref{eof}}

%
\newenvironment{history}{%
	\addvspace{-2pt plus-2pt minus-2pt}
   \authorfont\begin{center}\vskip-\lastskip
}{%
   \end{center}
	\addvspace{15pt plus2pt minus2pt}
}
%

\def\email#1{\it #1\par}
\def\received#1{Received~#1\par}
\def\revised#1{Revised~#1\par}
\def\accepted#1{Accepted~#1\par}
\def\published#1{Published~#1\par}
\def\comby#1{\par\addvspace{1\baselineskip}Communicated\ by~#1\par}

%
\def\pub#1#2{\par%
	\addvspace{-2pt plus-2pt minus-2pt}
	{\centering{
	\authorfont #1\par
	#2\par}\par}
	\addvspace{15pt plus2pt minus2pt}}%
%
\def\@clinebuf{}
\def\catchline#1#2#3#4#5{\expandafter\def\expandafter\@clinebuf\expandafter
	{\@clinebuf\catchlinefont
	\noindent Materials and Emerging Technologies for Sustainability\par
	\noindent \copyright\ World Scientific Publishing Company\par
	}\relax\par
	}%

\def\No{No.}
%
%\def\and{\hbox{\lowercase{ and }}}
\def\and{\hbox{\lowercase{and }}}
\def\aand{\\[10pt]{\upshape{and}}\\[-3pt]}
\def\@aabuffer{}
\def\author#1{\expandafter\def\expandafter\@aabuffer\expandafter
	{\@aabuffer{\authorfont{{#1}}}\relax\par
	\vspace*{3pt}}}
\def\address#1{\expandafter\def\expandafter\@aabuffer\expandafter
	{\@aabuffer{\affiliationfont{#1}}\relax\par
	\vspace*{13pt}}}
%
\def\keywords#1{\par
	\vspace*{8pt}
	{\authorfont{\leftskip18pt\rightskip\leftskip
	\noindent{\it Keywords}\/:\ #1\par}}\par}
%
\def\category#1#2{\par
	\vspace*{8pt}
	{\authorfont{\leftskip18pt\rightskip\leftskip
	\noindent{\it Categories}\/:\ #1:\ #2\par}}\par}
%
\newenvironment{abstract}{\par%
	\abstractfont
  	\noindent\leftskip18pt\rightskip18pt
}{%
  \par}
%
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout
	{\string\citation{#2}}\fi	
\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do		
	{\@citea\def\@citea{,}\@ifundefined	
	{b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning 
	{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}} 
	{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}} 
 \newif\if@cghi 
\def\cite{\@cghitrue\@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue 
	\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}} 
\def\citelow{\@cghifalse\@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue 
	\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}} 
\def\@cite#1#2{{$\null^{#1}$\if@tempswa\typeout 
	{WSPC warning: optional citation argument  
	ignored: `#2'} \fi}} 
\newcommand{\citeup}{\cite} 
% 
\def\@refcitex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout 
	{\string\citation{#2}}\fi 
\def\@citea{}\@refcite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do 
	{\@citea\def\@citea{, }\@ifundefined 
	{b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning 
	{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}} 
	\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}} 
 \def\@refcite#1#2{{#1\if@tempswa\typeout 
        {WSPC warning: optional citation argument 
	ignored: `#2'} \fi}} 
 \def\refcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue
	\@refcitex}{\@tempswafalse\@refcitex[]}}
%
%\def\dfrac#1#2{{\displaystyle{#1\over#2}}}
%\def\tfrac#1#2{{\textstyle{#1\over#2}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Lists %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
            \listparindent\itemindent
            \parsep \z@\labelsep.5em
            \topsep 6.5\p@ \@plus3\p@% \@minus2\p@
            \itemsep0\p@}
%
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
%
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    3.5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
              \parsep    \z@
              \itemsep\z@}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep 3.5\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
              \parsep \z@
             % \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@
              \itemsep0\p@}%
\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv  {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
              \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
%
\setlength\leftmargini{3pc}
\setlength\leftmarginii{2.2em}
\setlength\leftmarginiii{1.87em}
\setlength\leftmarginiv{1.7em}
\setlength\leftmarginv{1em}
\setlength\leftmarginvi{1em}
\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini}
\setlength\listparindent{\parindent}
\setlength\labelsep{.5em}
\setlength\labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
\renewcommand\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}}
\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
\renewcommand\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
\newcommand\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}
\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
%
\def\enummax#1{\setbox\tempbox=\hbox{#1\hskip\labelsep}%
  \expandafter\global\csname leftmargin\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth\endcsname\wd\tempbox}
%
\def\enumerate{\@ifnextchar[{\@enumerate}{\@enumerate[\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname]}}
%
\def\@enumerate[#1]{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
      \advance\@enumdepth \@ne\edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
      \enummax{#1}\list
      {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
        {\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}\fi}
%
\let\Item\item
\newenvironment{enumeroman}{%
  \def\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}%
  \def\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}%
		\let\item\Item
  \begin{enumerate}%
}{%
  \end{enumerate}}
%
\newenvironment{alphlist}{%
  \def\theenumi{\alph{enumi}}\def\theenumii{\roman{enumii}}%
  \def\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}%
		\let\item\Item
  \begin{enumerate}%
}{%
  \end{enumerate}}
%
\newenvironment{arabiclist}{%
	\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}}\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
	\def\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}%
	\let\item\Item
	\begin{enumerate}
	}{%
	\end{enumerate}}
%
\newenvironment{romanlist}{%
	\def\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
	\def\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}%
	\let\item\Item
	\begin{enumerate}
	}{%
	\end{enumerate}}
%
\newenvironment{itemlist}{%
	\def\labelenumi{\labelitemi}
	\let\item\Item
	\begin{enumerate}
	}{%
	\end{enumerate}}
%
\newenvironment{description}
               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
               {\endlist}
\newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
%
\newenvironment{unnumlist}{%
	\let\item\Item
  	\leftmargini2pc
   	\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
      	\advance\@enumdepth \@ne
      	\list{}{\itemindent-2pc\topsep6pt
              \def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
   \fi
}{%
  \endlist}
%
\newenvironment{quote}
               {\list{}{\rightmargin18pt\leftmargin18pt}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Sections %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newcounter {section}
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
\renewcommand\thesection      {\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
\renewcommand\theparagraph    {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
%
\newcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-18pt \@plus-3pt minus-6pt}{5pt}{\sectionfont}}
\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-18pt \@plus-3pt minus-6pt}{5pt}{\subsectionfont}}
\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-18pt \@plus-3pt minus-3pt}{5pt}{\subsubsectionfont}}
\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{12pt \@plus -3pt}{-.5em}{\paragraphfont}}
\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}{3.25ex \@plus1ex}{-1em}{\subparagraphfont}}
%
\def\@seccntformat#1{{\upshape{\csname the#1\endcsname.}}\hskip .5em}
%
\gdef\@author{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Floats %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\setcounter{topnumber}{3}
\def\topfraction{.98}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
\def\bottomfraction{.98}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}%4
\def\textfraction{.01}
\def\floatpagefraction{.98100}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.981}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.99}
%
%
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{6\p@}% plus3pt minus3pt}
%\setlength\belowcaptionskip{-1\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{4\p@}
%
\def\FigName{figure}%
%
\newbox\wscaptionbox
%
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \figurecaptionfont
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1. #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    #1. #2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
%
\def\figurename{Fig.}
\newcounter{figure}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
%
\def\ArtDir{\jobname/}
%
\newcounter{table}
\def\tablename{Table}
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
%
\def\tableformat#1{\centerline{#1}}
\newdimen\tabledim
\long\def\tbl#1#2{%
\global\setbox\tempbox\hbox{\tablefont #2}%
 \global\tabledim\wd\tempbox
 \tableformat{\vbox{\hsize\tabledim
                   \caption{#1}
                   \box\tempbox}}%
}
%

%\long\def\tbl#1#2{%
	%\parindent\z@\ignorespaces\noindent\tablecaptionfont
	%\caption{#1}%
  	%\par\setbox\tempbox\hbox{\tablefont #2}%
  	%\tablewd\hsize\advance\tablewd-\wd\tempbox\global\divide\tablewd\tw@
	%\ifdim\wd\wscaptionbox<\wd\tempbox\centerline{\unhbox\wscaptionbox}
	%\else\leftskip\tablewd\rightskip\leftskip{\unhbox\wscaptionbox}\par
	%\fi\vskip5pt\centerline{\box\tempbox}
%}%

\long\def\ttbl#1#2#3{%
	\parindent\z@
	\noindent
  	\tablecaptionfont
	\caption{#2}%
	\tablewd\hsize
	\advance\tablewd-#1
  	\global\divide\tablewd\tw@
	\ifdim \wd\wscaptionbox<#1
	\centerline{\unhbox\wscaptionbox}
	\else
  	{\leftskip\tablewd% plus1fill{}
	\rightskip\tablewd% plus1fill{}
  	\unhbox\wscaptionbox\par}
	\fi
 	\vskip-8pt
	\centerline{#3}
}%
%
\newenvironment{InTextTable}{%
 	\par\addvspace{16pt plus6pt minus6pt}%
 	\begin{center}
	\tablecaptionfont\noindent\ignorespaces
}{%
   	\end{center}
	\par\addvspace{17pt plus6pt minus6pt}}
%
\newenvironment{tabnote}{%
	\par\vskip5pt\footnotesize%
	\@ifnextchar[{\@tabnote}{\@tabnote[Note]}}{%
	\par\vskip-5pt}
\def\@tabnote[#1]{%
	\leftskip\tablewd\rightskip\leftskip {\it #1}\/:\ \ignorespaces}
%
\def\Hline{%
  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height 2\arrayrulewidth \futurelet
   \@tempa\@xhline}

\def\x{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}}
\def\toprule{\Hline\\[-6.5pt]}
\def\colrule{\\[-7pt]\hline\\[-6pt]}
\def\TMcolrule{\\[-9.5pt]\hline\\[-9.5pt]}
\def\botrule{\\[-7pt]\Hline}
\def\crule#1{\\[-7pt]#1\\[-6pt]}
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Maths %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
%
\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
%
\def\bstrut{\vrule width0pt depth5pt}
\def\tstrut{\vrule width0pt height10pt}
\jot=3pt
%
%
\renewcommand{\[}{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else\bgroup\let\eqnnum\relax\let\refstepeqcnt\relax\@equation\fi}
\renewcommand{\]}{\relax\ifmmode\end@equation\egroup\@endparenv\@doendpe\else\@badmath\fi}
%
\def\refstepeqcnt{\refstepcounter{equation}}
\def\eqnnum{\displaywidth\linewidth\hbox{\@eqnnum}}
%
\def\@equation{\let\topsep\abovedisplayskip\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty\@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
     \refstepeqcnt
     \trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
       \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup\hfill $\m@th% $
       \displaystyle}%
\def\end@equation{$\hfill\eqnnum\egroup\endtrivlist}
%
\renewenvironment{eqnarray}{%
   \stepcounter{equation}%
   \def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}%
   \global\@eqnswtrue
   \m@th
   \global\@eqcnt\z@
   \tabskip\@centering
   \let\\\@eqncr
   $$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup
       \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel
      &\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil
      &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep
         $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering
      &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup
         \tabskip\z@skip
      \cr}
        {%
      \@@eqncr
      \egroup
      \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne
   $$\global\@ignoretrue
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Footnote %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule depth0pt height0pt \@width.2\columnwidth
%  \hrule width .4\columnwidth
  \kern2.6\p@}
\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
     \@makefnmark#1}
%
\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or *\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
   	\mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
   	\or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
%
\def\thefootnote{\alph{footnote}}
\def\@makefnmark{{$^{\rm \@thefnmark}$}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Page Style %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\mark{{}{}}
%

\def\ps@plain{%
     \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
     \let\@oddhead\@empty
     \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\mbox{\hbox{\foliofont\thepage}}\hfill}%
     \let\@evenhead\@empty
     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}

%
\def\RightMark{}
%
\def\ps@headings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty
    \let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\rhfont{\upshape{\thepage}}\hskip1em\leftmark\hfill}%
    \def\@oddhead{\hfill\rhfont\rightmark\hskip1em{\upshape{\thepage}}}%
    \let\@mkboth\markboth
    \def\authormark##1{\markboth{##1}{\RightMark}}%
    \def\chaptermark##1{\gdef\RightMark{##1}\markright{##1}}}%
    %\def\sectionmark##1{\gdef\RightMark{##1}\markright{##1}}}%
%
\def\ps@myheadings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\rlap{\foliofont \thepage}\hfill{\rhfont\leftmark}\hfill}%
    \def\@oddhead{\hfill{\rhfont\rightmark}\hfill{\foliofont\thepage}}%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble}
%
\def\ps@pblind{%
	\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
	\def\@evenhead{}%
	\def\@oddhead{}
	\def\@oddfoot{\hfill\mbox{\lower8pc\hbox{}}\hfill}
   \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% theorem environments %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\@xthm#1#2{\@begintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{}\ignorespaces}

\def\@ythm#1#2[#3]{\@opargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
       the#1\endcsname}{\bfseries\boldmath #3}\ignorespaces}%
%

\let\Definitionfont\upshape%
\let\Questionfont\upshape
\let\Notationfont\upshape
\let\Remarkfont\upshape
\let\Examplefont\upshape
\let\Stepfont\upshape
\let\Propfont\upshape
%
\let\Theoremfont\itshape
\let\Corollaryfont\itshape
\let\Propositionfont\itshape
\let\Lemmafont\itshape
\let\Stepheadfont\itshape
\let\Claimfont\itshape
\let\Conjecturefont\itshape
\let\Theoremheadfont\bfseries
\let\Corollaryheadfont\bfseries
\let\Propositionheadfont\bfseries
\let\Lemmaheadfont\bfseries
\let\Definitionheadfont\bfseries
\let\Questionheadfont\bfseries
\let\Notationheadfont\bfseries
\def\Exampleheadfont{\bfseries}
\def\Remarkheadfont{\bfseries}
\def\Propheadfont{\bfseries}
\def\Claimheadfont{\bfseries}
\def\Conjectureheadfont{\bfseries}

%
\def\@begintheorem#1#2#3{\par\addvspace{8pt plus3pt minus2pt}%
              \noindent{\csname#1headfont\endcsname#1\ \ignorespaces#3 #2.}%
              \csname#1font\endcsname\hskip.5em\ignorespaces}
\def\@endtheorem{\par\addvspace{8pt plus3pt minus2pt}\@endparenv}
%
%

\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section]
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}[section]
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{example}{Example}[section]
\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}[section]
\newtheorem{notation}{Notation}[section]
\newtheorem{question}{Question}[section]
\newtheorem{prop}{Prop}[section]
\newtheorem{step}{Step}
\newtheorem{claim}{Claim}[section]
\newtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}[section]
%
%
\newif\iflogo
\def\prbox{\hbox to \hsize{\hfill\fboxsep0pt\fbox{\phantom{\vrule width5pt height5pt depth0pt}}}\global\logofalse}
%
\newenvironment{proof}{%
\par\addvspace{12pt plus3pt minus3pt}\global\logotrue%
\noindent{\bf Proof.\hskip.5em}\ignorespaces}{%
	\par\iflogo\vskip-\lastskip
	\vskip-\baselineskip\prbox\par
	\addvspace{12pt plus3pt minus3pt}\fi}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=2em
\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section*{\bibname}\bibfont%
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
	    \labelsep6pt%.33em
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
	    \itemsep0pt\parsep0pt
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\newcommand\newblock{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Appendix %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newcounter{appendix}
\newcommand\appendix{\par 
  	\refstepcounter{appendix}
	\setcounter{section}{0}%
        \setcounter{lemma}{0}
        \setcounter{theorem}{0}
	\setcounter{definition}{0}
        \setcounter{corollary}{0}
	\setcounter{equation}{0}
	\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\renewcommand\thesection{\appendixname\ \Alph{section}}%
\renewcommand\theequation{\Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}}
}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%For contents pages %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\journalname{\uppercase{Materials and Emerging Technologies for Sustainability}}
\def\No{No.}
\def\chead#1#2#3{\par
\thispagestyle{empty}
{\centering{%
{\titlefont\journalname}\par
{\sl Vol.~#1, \No~#2 (#3)}\par
\vspace*{34pt}
\noindent CONTENTS\par}}
\vspace*{14pt}}
\def\leaderfill{\leaders\hbox to 1em{\hss.\hss}\hfill}
\def\centry#1#2#3{\par
	{\foliofont
	\setbox\tempbox\hbox{#3}
	{\rightskip3.5pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\uppercase{#1}}\par}
	{\leftskip12pt{\rightskip1pc plus1fil
	\ignorespaces\noindent#2\leaderfill\hspace*{2pt}\hskip\wd\tempbox\par}\par}\par
	\vskip-\lastskip
	\vskip-\baselineskip
	\hbox to \hsize{\hfill#3}\par}
	\addvspace{8pt plus1pt minus1pt}\par}
%%
\def\cent#1#2#3{\par{\foliofont
	{\rightskip2pc plus1fil
	\noindent\par}
	{\noindent{\uppercase{#1}}\ignorespaces#2\leaderfill\hspace*{2pt}#3\par}}\par
%
%\noindent{\uppercase{#1}}\par}
%\hbox to 30pc{\noindent\ignorespaces\hspace*{12pt}#2\leaderfill\hspace*{2pt}#3\par}}\par
	\addvspace{8pt plus1pt minus1pt}\par
	}
%

\def\ehead#1#2#3{\par
	\addvspace{12pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	{\foliofont\rightskip4pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\bf #1{#2}{#3}\par}
	\vspace*{4pt}}\par}
%
\def\eehead#1#2#3{\par
%	\addvspace{6pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	\addvspace{12pt plus1pt minus1pt}
	{\foliofont\rightskip4pc plus1fil
	\noindent{\bf #1{#2}{#3}\par}
	\vspace*{4pt}}\par}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Trim Marks %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\wsdraftnote{\today\quad\currenttime\qquad\qquad\jobname}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ss %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\cropmarks{\nointerlineskip%
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip-8.6pt
	\parindent0pt\hspace*{6pt}\wsdraftnote
     \par\advance\trimheight by 2pc
     \vbox to \trimheight{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip-2pc
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\raisebox{2pc}
   {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hfill\raisebox{2pc}
   {\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hspace*{-2.6pc}\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}}\vfill
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\raisebox{1.4pc}
        {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hfill 
    \lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\rlap{\hspace*{0.6pc}\raisebox{1.4pc}{\vrule width0pc height0pt}}}}}
     \vbox to 0pt{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip\topmargin%\vskip1.3pt
     \tempdimen\normaltextheight
     \advance\tempdimen24pt
     \moveright\@themargin
     \vbox to \tempdimen{\hrule height\wsdraftrule 
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip\headheight\vskip\headsep%\vskip3pt
                \vrule height\wsdraftrule width\textwidth}%
      \hbox to \textwidth{\vrule width\wsdraftrule \hfill\vrule height\tempdimen width\wsdraftrule}%
           \hrule height\wsdraftrule}}}%%
\def\xcropmarks{\nointerlineskip%
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip-8.6pt
	\parindent0pt\hspace*{6pt}\wsdraftnote
     \par\advance\trimheight by 2pc
     \vbox to \trimheight{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip-2pc
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\raisebox{2pc}
   {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hfill\raisebox{2pc}
   {\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hspace*{-2.6pc}\raise2.6pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}}\vfill
     \hbox to \trimwidth{\lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\raisebox{1.4pc}
        {\hspace*{-2.6pc}\vrule width0pc height0pt}\hfill 
    \lower1.2pc\hbox{\vrule height0pc width0pt}\rlap{\hspace*{0.6pc}\raisebox{1.4pc}{\vrule width0pc height0pt}}}}}
     \vbox to 0pt{\offinterlineskip\parindent0pt\vskip\topmargin%\vskip1.3pt
     \tempdimen\normaltextheight
     \advance\tempdimen27pt
     \moveright\@themargin
     \vbox to \tempdimen{\hrule height\wsdraftrule 
     \vbox to 0pt{\vskip\headheight\vskip\headsep%\vskip3pt
                \vrule height\wsdraftrule width\textwidth}%
      \hbox to \textwidth{\vrule width\wsdraftrule \hfill\vrule height\tempdimen width\wsdraftrule}%
           \hrule height\wsdraftrule}}}%%
%
\let\trimmarks\cropmarks
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ss %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Output Routine %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
\def\@outputpage{%
\begingroup           % the \endgroup is put in by \aftergroup
  \let \protect \noexpand
  \@resetactivechars
  \let\-\@dischyph
  \let\'\@acci\let\`\@accii\let\=\@acciii
  \let\\\@normalcr
  \let\par\@@par          %% 15 Sep 87
  \shipout \vbox{%
    \set@typeset@protect
    \aftergroup \endgroup
    \aftergroup \set@typeset@protect
                                % correct? or just restore by ending
                                % the group?
  \if@specialpage
    \global\@specialpagefalse\@nameuse{ps@\@specialstyle}%
  \fi
  \if@twoside
    \ifodd\count\z@ \let\@thehead\@oddhead \let\@thefoot\@oddfoot
         \let\@themargin\oddsidemargin
    \else \let\@thehead\@evenhead
       \let\@thefoot\@evenfoot \let\@themargin\evensidemargin
    \fi
  \fi
  \reset@font
  \normalsize
  \baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit\z@
    \@begindvi\trimmarks
    \vskip \topmargin
    \moveright\@themargin \vbox {%
      \setbox\@tempboxa \vbox to\headheight{%
        \vfil
        \color@hbox
          \normalcolor
          \hb@xt@\textwidth {%
            \let \label \@gobble
            \let \index \@gobble
            \let \glossary \@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
            \@thehead
            }%
        \color@endbox
        }%                        %% 22 Feb 87
      \dp\@tempboxa \z@
      \box\@tempboxa
      \vskip \headsep
      \box\@outputbox
      \baselineskip \footskip
      \color@hbox
        \normalcolor
        \hb@xt@\textwidth{%
          \let \label \@gobble
          \let \index \@gobble      %% 22 Feb 87
          \let \glossary \@gobble   %% 21 Jun 91
          \@thefoot
          }%
      \color@endbox
      }%
    }%
\global \@colht \textheight
\stepcounter{page}%
\let\firstmark\botmark
}
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Process Options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\pagestyle{headings}
\pagenumbering{arabic} 
\onecolumn
\frenchspacing
\def\sloppy{\tolerance=100000\hfuzz=\maxdimen \vfuzz=\maxdimen}
\sloppy
\vbadness=12000
\hbadness=12000
\RequirePackage{amsfonts}
\RequirePackage{amssymb}
\RequirePackage{amsmath}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}  
\endinput
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%End of file%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Text Area: 8in (include Runningheads) x 5in
%% ws-mets.tex: 06-11-2024
%% Tex file to use with ws-mets.cls written in LateX2E.
%% The content, structure, format and layout of this style file is the
%% property of World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
%% Copyright 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
%% All rights are reserved.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%

%\documentclass[wsdraft]{ws-mets}
\documentclass{ws-mets}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[verbose]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=false,allbordercolors=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}
% \label, \ref and \cite commands are highly recommended

\begin{document}

\catchline{}{}{}{}{}

\markboth{F. Author \& S. Author (authors' names)}
{Instructions for typing manuscripts (paper's title)}

\title{Your paper}

\author{First Author\footnote{Typeset names in 10 pt Times Roman, upper and lower case.
Use the footnote to indicate the present or permanent address of
the author.}}

\address{University Department, University Name, Address\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country\footnote{State completely without
abbreviations the affiliation and mailing address, including
country. Typeset in 8~pt Times Italics.}\\
\email{fauthor\_id@domain\_name}
}

\author{Second Author}
\address{Group, Company, Address\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country\\
\email{sauthor\_id@domain\_name}}

\maketitle

\begin{history}
\received{(Day Month Year)}
\revised{(Day Month Year)}
\accepted{(Day Month Year)}
\published{(Day Month Year)}
\end{history}

\vspace*{6pt}
\begin{abstract}
The abstract should summarize the context,
content and conclusions of the paper. It should not contain any
references or displayed equations. Typeset the abstract in 8~pt
Times Roman with baselineskip of 10 pt, making an indentation of
1.5 pica on the left and right margins.
\end{abstract}

\keywords{A list of 3--5 keywords are to be supplied.}

\section{The Main Text}
Please limit the article length to 4 pages. Contributions are to be
in English. Authors are encouraged to have their contribution
checked for grammar. American spelling should be used. Abbreviations
are allowed but should be spelled out in full when first used.
Integers ten and below are to be spelled out. Italicize foreign
language phrases (e.g.,~Latin, French).

The text is to be typeset in 10~pt Times Roman,
single-spaced with baselineskip of 13~pt. Text area (including copyright block)
is 8 inches high and 5 inches wide for the first page. Text area
(excluding running title) is 7.7 inches high and 5 inches wide for
subsequent pages. Final formatting will be done by the publisher.

\section{Major Headings}
Major headings should be typeset in boldface, with the
first letter of important words capitalized.

\subsection{Subheadings}
Subheadings should be typeset in bold italics, with the
first letter of first word capitalized and the section
number in boldface.

\subsubsection{Sub-subheadings}
Typeset in italics (section number to be in roman) and
capitalize the first letter of the first word only.

\section*{Unnumbered Section}
Unnumbered sections can be obtained by using \verb|\section*|.

\subsection{Numbering and spacing}
Sections, subsections and sub-subsections are numbered
with Arabic numerals. Use double spacing before major and
subheadings, and single spacing after sub-subheadings.

\section{Lists of Items}
Lists are broadly classified into four major categories that can
randomly be used as desired by the author:
\begin{alphlist}[(d)]
\item Numbered list.
\item Lettered list.
\item Unnumbered list.
\item Bulleted list.
\end{alphlist}

\subsection{Numbered and lettered list}

\begin{arabiclist}[(5)]
\item The \verb|\begin{arabiclist}[]| command is used for the arabic
number list (arabic numbers appearing within parenthesis), e.g., (1),
(2), etc.

\smallskip

\item The \verb|\begin{romanlist}[]| command is used for the roman
number list (roman numbers appearing within parenthesis), e.g., (i),
(ii), etc.

\smallskip

\item The \verb|\begin{Romanlist}[]| command is used for the cap roman
\hbox{number list} (cap roman numbers appearing within parenthesis),
e.g., (I), (II), etc.

\smallskip

\item The \verb|\begin{alphlist}[]| command is used for the aliphatic
character list (aliphatic characters appearing within parenthesis),
e.g., (a), (b), etc.

\smallskip

\item The \verb|\begin{Alphlist}[]| command is used for the cap
aliphatic character list (cap aliphatic characters appearing within
parenthesis), e.g., (A), (B), etc.
\end{arabiclist}
Note: For all the above mentioned lists, it is obligatory to enter the last
entry's number in the list within the square bracket, to enable unit
alignment.

\subsection{Bulleted and unnumbered list}

\begin{enumerate}
\item[] The \verb|\begin{itemlist}| command is used for the bulleted list.

\smallskip

\item[] The \verb|\begin{unnumlist}| command is used for creating the
  unnumbered list with the turnovers hangindent by 1\,pica.
\end{enumerate}

Lists may be laid out with each item marked by a bullet:
\begin{itemlist}
\item item one
\item item two
\item item three.
\end{itemlist}

Items may also be numbered with lowercase Roman numerals:
\begin{romanlist}[(ii)]
\item item one
\item item two
    \begin{alphlist}[(a)]
    \item lists within lists can be numbered with lowercase Roman letters
    \item second item.
    \end{alphlist}
\item item three.
\end{romanlist}

\section{Footnotes}
Footnotes should be numbered sequentially in superscript lowercase
Roman letters.\footnote{Footnotes should be typeset in 8 pt Times Roman at the bottom of the page.}

\section{Mathematical Formulae}
\paragraph{Inline:}
For in-line formulae use \verb|\( ... \)| or \verb|$ ... $|. Avoid
built-up constructions, for example fractions and matrices, in
in-line formulae. Fractions in inline can be typed with a solidus, e.g., \verb|x+y/z=0|.

\paragraph{Display:}
Displayed equations should be numbered consecutively in
the paper, with the number set flush right and enclosed in
parentheses. For numbered display formulae, use the displaymath
environment:

\verb|\begin{equation} ...| \verb|\end{equation}|.

\pagebreak

For unnumbered display formulae, use

\verb|\[ ... \]|.

For numbered displayed, one-line formulae always use the equation environment. Do not use

\verb|$$ ... $$|.

For example, the input for
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) = \frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1}1(d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0}1(N(\sigma)=n)d\sigma}
\label{eq1}
\end{equation}

\noindent is:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) = \frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1}1(d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0}1(N(\sigma)=n)d\sigma}
\label{eq1}
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}

For displayed multi-line formulae, prefer using \verb|align| or \verb|align*| instead of \verb|eqnarray| environment.  
For example,
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{align}
\zeta\mapsto\hat{\zeta} &=a\zeta+b\eta\,,\\
\eta\mapsto\hat{\eta} &=c\zeta+d\eta\,. 
\label{eq2n3}
\end{align}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent produces:
\begin{align}
\zeta\mapsto\hat{\zeta} &=a\zeta+b\eta\,,\\
\eta\mapsto\hat{\eta} &=c\zeta+d\eta\,.
\label{eq2n3}
\end{align}

\LaTeX\ does not break long equations to make them fit within the
margins as it does with normal text. It is therefore up to you to
format the equation appropriately (if they overrun the margin.) This
typically requires some creative use of an eqnarray to get elements
shifted to a new line and to align nicely, e.g.,
\begin{align}
\left(1+x\right)^n =&\, 1 + nx + \frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2!}x^2 \nonumber\\
  &  + \frac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(n-2\right)}{3!}x^3 \nonumber\\
  &  + \frac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(n-2\right)\left(n-3\right)}{4!}x^4\qquad \nonumber\\
  & + \ldots n{\rm th}.
\end{align}

\vskip-\lastskip\pagebreak

Superscripts and subscripts that are words or abbreviations, as in
\( \pi_{\mathrm{low}} \), should be typed as roman letters;
this is done as \verb|\( \pi_{\mathrm{low}} \)|
instead of \( \pi_{low} \) done with \verb|\( \pi_{low} \)|

For geometric functions, e.g.,~exp, sin, cos, tan, etc., please use the macros
\verb|\sin, \cos, \tan|. These macros give proper spacing in mathematical formulae.

It is also possible to use the \AmS-\LaTeX{}
package, which can be obtained from the \AmS\ and various \TeX{}
archives.

Equations should be referred to in abbreviated form,
e.g.,~``Eq.~(\ref{eq1})'' or ``(2)''. In multiple-line equations,
the number should be given on the last line.

Displayed equations are to be centered on the page width. Standard
English letters like x are to appear as $x$ (italicized) in the
text if they are used as mathematical symbols. Punctuation marks
are used at the end of equations as if they appeared directly in
the text.

\section{Theorems and Definitions}
\LaTeX{} provides \verb|\newtheorem| to create new theorem
environments. The WSPC document styles contain a set of pre-defined
environments for theorems, definitions, proofs, remarks, etc., e.g.,
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{theorem}[Longo, 1998]
For a given $Q$-system...
\[
N = \{x \in N; T x = \gamma (x) T, T x^* =
\gamma (x^*) T\}\,,
\]
and $E_\Xi (\cdot) = T^* \gamma (\cdot) T$
gives a conditional expectation onto $N$
\end{theorem}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent generates

\begin{theorem}[Longo, 1998]\label{thm1}
For a given $Q$-system...
\[
N = \{x \in N; T x = \gamma (x) T, T x^* = \gamma (x^*) T\}\,,
\]
and $E_\Xi (\cdot) = T^* \gamma (\cdot) T$ gives a conditional
expectation onto $N$.
\end{theorem}


\begin{theorem}
\label{thm2}
We have $\# H^2 (M \supset N) < \infty$ for an inclusion $M \supset
N$ of factors of finite index.
\end{theorem}

To add a new theorem-type environments to an article, use

\begin{verbatim}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}[section]
\let\Examplefont\upshape
\def\Exampleheadfont{\bfseries}
\end{verbatim}

\section{Floats}
\subsection{Tables}
Put tables and figures in text using the table and figure environments,
and position them near the first reference of the table or figure in
the text. Please avoid long captions in figures and tables.

\vspace*{6pt}\noindent {\bf Input:}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{table}
\tbl{... table caption ...}
{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccr@{}}
\toprule
ID & $m$ & $R^2$ & $x_2$ & Times (s)\\
\colrule
11 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<98$\\
...
15 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<102$\\
\botrule
\end{tabular}} \label{tbl1}
\end{table}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent {\bf Output:}\\[-36pt]
\begin{table}[ht]
\tbl{... table caption ...}
{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccr@{}}
\toprule
ID & $m$ & $R^2$ & $x_2$ & Times (s)\\ \colrule
11 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<98$\\
12 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<99$\\
13 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<100$\\
14 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<101$\\
15 & 100 & 3135 & 1138 & $<102$\\ \botrule
\end{tabular}}\label{tab:smtab}
\end{table}

\vspace*{-8pt}
By using \verb|\tbl| command in table environment, long captions will be justified to the table width while the short or single line captions are centered.\\[3pt]
\verb|\tbl{table caption}{tabular environment}|.

\vspace*{6pt}
For most tables, the horizontal rules are obtained by:\\[3pt]
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}
{\bf toprule} & one rule at the top\\
{\bf colrule}& one rule separating column heads from data cells\\
{\bf botrule}& one bottom rule\\
{\bf Hline} & one thick rule at the top and bottom of \\ & the tables with multiple column heads\\
\end{tabular}

\vspace*{6pt}
To avoid the rules sticking out at either end
of the table, add \verb|@{}| before the first and after the last descriptors, e.g., {@{}llll@{}}. Please avoid vertical rules in tables.
But if you think the vertical rule is a must,
you can use the standard \LaTeX{} \verb|tabular| environment.

\vskip-\lastskip\pagebreak

Tables should have a uniform style throughout the
contribution. It does not matter how you place the
inner lines of the table, but we would prefer the border lines to be
of the style as shown in our sample tables.
For the inner lines of the table, it looks better
if they are kept to a minimum.

If tables need to extend over to a second page, the continuation
of the table should be preceded by a caption, e.g.,~``Table~1 ({\it
Continued})''.

\subsection{Figures}
A figure is obtained with the following commands

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\centerline{
  \includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{mets-fig1}
}
\caption{If the caption ...}
\label{fig1}
\end{figurehere}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\vspace*{-13pt}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{mets-fig1}}
\caption{If the caption is less than one line then it is centered. Long captions are justified.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-6pt}
Figures are to be inserted in the text nearest their first reference.
If the publisher is required to reduce the figures, ensure that the
figures (including lettering and numbers) are large enough to be
clearly seen after reduction.

Figures are to be sequentially numbered with Arabic
numerals. The caption must be placed below the figure. For those
figures with multiple parts which appear on different pages, it is
best to place the full caption below the first part, and have
e.g.,~``Fig.~1 ({\it Continued})'' below the last part.

Previously published material must be accompanied by written
permission from the author and publisher.

The preferred graphics formats are TIF and Encapsulated PostScript
(EPS) for any type of image. Our \TeX\ installation requires EPS,
but we can easily convert TIF to EPS. Many other formats, e.g., PICT
(Macintosh), WMF (Windows) and various proprietary formats, are not
suitable. Even if we can read such files, there is no guarantee that
they will look the same on our systems as on yours.

\section{Citations}
We have used \verb|\bibitem| to produce the biblio\-graphy. Citations in the
text use the labels defined in the bibitem declaration, e.g.,
the first paper by Golub\cite{Golub89} is cited using the command
\verb|\cite{Golub89}|. Bibitem labels should be unique.

For multiple citations, do not use \verb|\cite{1}|, \verb|\cite{2}|, but use
\verb|\cite{1,2}| instead.

When the reference forms part of the sentence, it should not
be typed in superscripts, e.g., ``One can show from
Ref.~\refcite{Hall97} that $\ldots$'', ``See
Refs.~\refcite{Lie00} and \refcite{Lie01} for more details.''
This is done using the LaTeX command: ``\verb|Ref.~\refcite{name}|''.

\section*{Note Added}
A note can be added before Acknowledgments.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This part should come before References. Funding information may also be included here.

\section*{ORCID}
You are encouraged to include in your user information the ORCID (\url{https://orcid.org/}) or register for one if you don't have it.
This ID will help to identify you in the researcher community and make it easier to keep track of all your publications.
Please provide a valid ORCID here, e.g.,

\noindent Josiah Carberry - \url{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097}

\noindent Rajesh Babu - \url{https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0415-6880}

\section{Appendices}
Appendices should be used only when absolutely necessary.
They should come immediately before References.
If there is more than one appendix, number them alphabetically.
Number displayed equations occurring in the appendix as (\ref{aeqn1}), (A.2), etc.:
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) = \frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1} 1(d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0} 1(N(\sigma) = n)d\sigma}\,\,
.\label{aeqn1}
\end{equation}

\section*{References}
Article titles should be stated in full but standard abbreviations
should be used for journal names. Typeset reference in 9 pt Times
Roman, single spaced with baselineskip of 11 pt.

\subsection*{Examples}

\subsubsection*{Journal reference:}

\hangindent=1.12em A. P\"arssinen, J. Jussila, J. Ryyn\"anen, L. Sumanen and
K. A. I. Halonen, {\it IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits} {\bf 34}, 1893 (1999),  doi: 10.1109/4.808914.

\subsubsection*{Book reference:}

\hangindent=1.12em G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, {\it Matrix
Comptations}, 2nd edn. (Johns Hopkins University Press, USA, 1989), doi: 10.1137/1032141.

\noindent\hangindent=1.12em D. Y. C. Lie and K. L. Wang, {\it Handbook of}
\hbox{\it Advanced} {\it Electronic and Photonic Devices and
Materials}, ed.~H. S. Nalwa, Chapter~1 (\hbox{Academic}
Press, San Diego, 2000), pp.~1--69.

\noindent\hangindent=1.12em D. Y. C. Lie and K. L. Wang, {\it Semiconductors and
Semimetals}, eds.~R. Willardson and E. Weber, Chapter~4
(Academic Press, San Diego, 2001), pp.~151--197.

\subsubsection*{Proceedings reference:}
\hangindent=1.12em B. Haller, M. Streiff, U. Fleisch and R. Zimmermann,
Hardware implementation of a systolic \hbox{antenna}
array signal processor based on CORDIC arithmetic, {\it Proc.
Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech \hbox{Signal} Proc.} (1997),
pp. 4141--4144, doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.1997.604858.

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{Golub89} G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, {\it Matrix
Computations}, 2nd edn. (Johns Hopkins University Press, USA, 1989), \url{https://doi.org/10.1137/1032141}.

\bibitem{Hall97} B. Haller, M. Streiff, U. Fleisch and R. Zimmermann,
Hardware implementation of a systolic \hbox{antenna}
array signal processor based on CORDIC arithmetic, {\it Proc.
Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech \hbox{Signal} Proc.} (1997),
pp. 4141--4144, \url{https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.1997.604858}.

\bibitem{Lie00} D. Y. C. Lie and K. L. Wang, {\it Handbook of}
\hbox{\it Advanced} {\it Electronic and Photonic Devices and
Materials}, ed.~H. S. Nalwa, Chapter~1 (\hbox{Academic}
Press, San Diego, 2000), pp.~1--69.

\bibitem{Lie01} D. Y. C. Lie and K. L. Wang, {\it Semiconductors and
Semimetals}, eds.~R. Willardson and E. Weber, Chapter~4
(Academic Press, San Diego, 2001), pp.~151--197.

\bibitem{Par99} A. P\"arssinen, J. Jussila, J. Ryyn\"anen, L. Sumanen and
K. A. I. Halonen, {\it IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits\-} {\bf 34}, 1893 (1999), \url{https://doi.org/10.1109/4.808914}.

\bibitem{Raz01} B. Razavi, {\it IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits} {\bf 36}, 810 (2001), \url{https://doi.org/10.1109/4.918919}.
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

%\documentclass[draft]{ws-mets}
\documentclass{ws-mets}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{multicol,overcite}
\usepackage[verbose]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=false,allbordercolors=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}

\def\bib{B\kern-.05em{I}\kern-.025em{B}\kern-.08em}
\def\btex{B\kern-.05em{I}\kern-.025em{B}\kern-.08em\TeX}
\begin{document}

\catchline{}{}{}{}{}

\markboth{F. Author (author's name)}
{Instructions for typing manuscripts (paper's title)}

\title{Instructions for typesetting manuscript\\
using \btex}

\author{First Author}

\address{University Department, University Name, Address\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country}

\maketitle

\begin{history}
\received{Day Month Year}
\revised{Day Month Year}
\end{history}

\begin{abstract}
The abstract should summarize the context, content and conclusions
of the paper. It should not contain any references or displayed
equations. Typeset the abstract in 8~pt Times Roman with
baselineskip of 10 pt, making an indentation of 1.5 pica on the left
and right margins.
\end{abstract}

\keywords{A list of 3--5 keywords are to be supplied.}

\section{\btex{} Database Entries}

\bigskip
\begin{center}
\tablefont
\tabcolsep21pt\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\btex}\\
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Database}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Sample citation}\\
\multicolumn{1}{c}{entry type}\\\colrule

article & ...text.\cite{best03,pier02,jame02}\\

proceedings & ...text.\cite{weis94}\\

inproceedings & ...text.\cite{gupt97}\\

book & ...text.\cite{rich60,jarl88}\\

edition & ...text.\cite{chur90}\\

editor & ...text.\cite{benh93}\\

series & ...text.\cite{bake72}\\

tech report & ...text\cite{hobb92} and ...text.\cite{bria84}\\

unpublished & ...text.\cite{hear94}\\

phd thesis & ...text.\cite{brow88}\\

masters thesis & ...text.\cite{lodh74}\\

incollection & ...text.\cite{dani73}\\

misc & ...text.\cite{davi93}\\
\botrule
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\medskip
\section{\btex}\index{\btex}
If you use the \btex\ program to maintain your bibliography, you do
not use the \verb|thebibliography| environment. Instead, you should
include the lines

\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ws-mets}
\bibliography{ws-sample}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent where \verb|ws-mets| refers to a file
\verb|ws-sample.bst|, which defines how your references will look.

When the reference forms part of the sentence, it should not
be typed in superscripts, e.g.: ``One can show from
Ref.~\refcite{davi93} that $\ldots$''

\bibliographystyle{ws-mets}
\bibliography{ws-sample}
\end{document}

@manual{lamp87,
  author    =   "L. Lamport",
  title     =   "Make Index: An Index Processor For LaTeX",
  year      =   "1987",
  note      =   "{http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.dvi}"}

@book{jarl88,
  author    =   "C. Jarlskog" ,
  title     =   "CP {V}iolation",
  publisher =   "World Scientific",
  address   =   "Singapore",
  year      =   "1988"}

@book{lamp94,
  author    =   "L. Lamport",
  title     =   "\LaTeX, A Document Preparation System",
  publisher =   "Addison-Wesley",
  address   =   "Reading, MA",
  year      =   "1994",
  edition   =   "2nd"}

@book{ams04,
  author    =   "\AmS",
  title     =   "\AmS-\LaTeX{} Version 2 User's Guide",
  publisher =   "American Mathematical Society",
  address   =   "Providence",
  year      =   "2004",
  note      =   "\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html}."}

@book{benh93,
  editor    =   "Fr\'ed\'eric Benhamou and Alain Colmerauer" ,
  title     =   "Constraint {L}ogic {P}rogramming, {S}elected {R}esearch",
  publisher =   "MIT Press",
  year      =   "1993"}

@book{rich60,
  author    =   "L. F. Richardson",
  title     =   "Arms and {I}nsecurity",
  publisher =   "Boxwood",
  address   =   "Pittsburg",
  pages     =   "200--253",
  year      =   "1960"}

@book{chur90,
  author    =   "R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown",
  title     =   "Complex {V}ariables and {A}pplications",
  publisher =   "McGraw-Hill",
  pages     =   "215--253",
  year      =   "1990",
  edition   =   "5th"}

@inproceedings{gupt97,
  author    =   "R. K. Gupta and S. D. Senturia",
  title     =   "Pull-in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure",
  booktitle =   "Proc. {IEEE} Int. Workshop on
                Microelectromechanical Systems ({MEMS}'97)",
  address   =   "Nagoya, Japan",
  month     =   Jan,
  year      =   "1997",
  pages     =   "290-294",
  note = "\url{https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.1997.581830}"}

@proceedings{weis94,
  title     =   "Contemporary {P}roblems in {S}tatistical {P}hysics",
  booktitle =   "Contemporary {P}roblems in {S}tatistical {P}hysics",
  editor    =   "G. H. Weiss",
  publisher =   "SIAM, Philadelphia",
  year      =   "1994"}

@article{best03,
    author  =   "Westbury, Bruce W.",
     title  =   "{$R$}-matrices and the magic square",
   journal  =   "J. Phys. A",
  fjournal  =   "Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General",
    volume  =   "36",
      year  =   "2003",
    number  =   "7",
     pages  =   "1947--1959",
      issn  =   "0305-4470",
     coden  =   "JPHAC5",
   mrclass  =   "17B10",
  mrnumber  =   "1 960 703",
      note = "\url{https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/11/501}"}


@article{pier02,
    author  =   "Deligne, Pierre X. and Gross, Benedict H.",
     title  =   "On the exceptional series, and its descendants",
   journal  =   "C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris",
  fjournal  =   "Comptes Rendus Math\'ematique. Acad\'emie des Sciences. Paris",
    volume  =   "335",
      year  =   "2002",
    number  =   "11",
     pages  =   "877--881",
      issn  =   "1631-073X",
   mrclass  =   "20Gxx",
  mrnumber  =   "1 952 563",
note = "\url{https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-073X(02)02590-6}"}

@article{jame02,
    author  =   "Landsberg, James. M. and Manivel, L.",
     title  =   "Triality, exceptional {L}ie algebras and {D}eligne dimension formulas",
   journal  =   "Adv. Math.",
  fjournal  =   "Advances in Mathematics",
    volume  =   "171",
      year  =   "2002",
    number  =   "1",
     pages  =   "59--85",
      issn  =   "0001-8708",
     coden  =   "ADMTA4",
   mrclass  =   "17B20 (17B25)",
  mrnumber  =   "1 933 384",
mrreviewer  =   "Dmitri I. Panyushev",
note  =   "\url{https://doi.org/10.1006/aima.2002.2071}"}

@techreport{hobb92,
     author =   "John D. Hobby",
      title =   "{A User's Manual for MetaPost}",
       year =   "1992",
      month =   "apr",
   language =   "english",
institution =   "AT\&T Bell Laboratories",
    address =   "Murray Hill, New Jersey",
       date =   "April 1992",
     number =   "162",
     npages =   "ii+88~pages"}

@techreport{bria84,
     author =   "Kernighan, Brian W.",
      title =   "{PIC}---{A} Graphics Language for Typesetting",
       type =   "Computing Science Technical Report",
     number =   "116",
institution =   "AT\&T Bell Laboratories",
    address =   "Murray Hill, New Jersey",
       year =   "1984"}

@unpublished{hear94,
  author    =   "H. C. Heard and I. Y. Borg and N. L. Carter and C. B. Raleigh",
  title     =   "{VoQS: Voice Quality Symbols}",
  note      =   "Revised to 1994",
  year      =   "1994"}

@phdthesis{brow88,
  author    =   "Marcus E. Brown",
  title     =   "An Interactive Environment for Literate Programming",
  school    =   "Texas A\&M University",
  address   =   "TX, USA",
  pages     =   "ix + 102",
  month     =   "aug",
  year      =   "1988"}

@inbook{bake72,
  author    =   "D. W. Baker and N. L. Carter",
  year      =   "1972",
  editor    =   "H. C. Heard and I. V. Borg and N. L. Carter and C. B. Raleigh",
  title     =   "Seismic {V}elocity {A}nisotropy {C}alculated for {U}ltramafic {M}inerals
                and {A}ggregates",
  booktitle =   "Flow and {F}racture of {R}ocks",
  publisher =   "Am. Geophys. Union",
  series    =   "Geophys. Mono.",
  volume    =   "16",
  pages     =   "157--166",
note  =   "\url{https://doi.org/10.1029/GM016p0157}"}

@mastersthesis{lodh74,
  author    =   "Gunter Sergei Lodha",
  title     =   "Quantitative interpretation of airborne
                electromagnetic response for a spherical model",
  school    =   "University of Toronto",
  address   =   "Canada",
  year      =   "1974"}

@incollection{dani73,
  author    =   "Jones, Daniel",
  title     =   "{The term `phoneme'}",
  editor    =   "Jones, W. E. and Laver, J.",
  booktitle =   "Phonetics in Linguistics\-: A Book of Reading",
  publisher =   "Longman",
  address   =   "London",
  pages     =   "187--204",
  year      =   "1973"}

@misc{davi93,
  author    =   "Bill Davidsen",
  title     =   "NETPBM",
  year      =   "1993",
  note      =   "{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/packages/\break NetPBM}."}